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Metals
Special Issues
Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys
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Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 6454

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongquan Ning

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: Fe-, Ni-, Co-, PM superalloy; net-forming, isothermal-forging, gredient-temperature heat treatment, FE simulation; multi-scale ductile fracture analysis and material characterization; recrystallization on grain boundary, edge and junction; surface nucleation
Prof. Dr. Yanhui Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Interests: materials processing; mechanical properties; deformation mechanisms
Dr. Bingchao Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: plastic deformation; recrystallization; nucleation and growth

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Superalloys are widely used in aviation, aerospace and energy industries as key high-temperature structural materials with excellent strength, toughness, fatigue, creep and microstructure stability. The hot deformation and subsequent heat treatment processes guarantee the desirable microstructure–properties relationships of superalloy parts and structures. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of microstructural evolution during hot deforming and post-deformation heat treatments of the alloys is a critical theoretical basis for optimizing manufacturing processes, controlling resultant microstructures and tailoring the needed quality and properties of superalloy components. Meanwhile, powder metallurgy and 3D printing technology are also used extensively in fabricating superalloy components, which deserve special attention, and relevant new findings are very welcome.

This Special Issue provides an excellent opportunity for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to the characterization and processing technology of superalloys. Any new findings about the topic are welcome, such as the microstructural evolution and characterization during the hot deformation of wrought superalloys and powder metallurgy superalloys, 3D printing and other processing innovations for superalloys, deformation mechanisms, dynamic recrystallization and related underlying mechanisms, etc. More specifically, this Special Issue will cover (but is not limited to) the following fundamental and applied research topics:

  • Fe-, Ni-, Co-based PM superalloys;
  • Forging, rolling, casting and welding;
  • 3D printing and other processing innovations;
  • Microstructural evolution and characterization;
  • Plastic flow behavior and deformation mechanisms;
  • Strain rate and temperature sensitivity;
  • Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms;
  • Boundary in-situ characterization;
  • Previous particle boundary;
  • Grain size and refinement;
  • Secondary precipitate;
  • Texture orientation;
  • Dislocation motion;
  • Fatigue and fracture;
  • High-temperature properties (mechanical properties, structural stability, etc.).

In keeping with the long-standing tradition of publishing the most recent and highest quality work in Special Issues of Metals, this Special Issue features a collection of manuscripts entitled “Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys”. This Issue features the finest and latest breaking articles in superalloy development from 2022 and is listed with the main indexing services, making the articles readily searchable, citable and available on the web. Please ensure your paper is submitted on time, and thanks for your interest in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yongquan Ning
Prof. Dr. Yanhui Liu
Dr. Bingchao Xie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fe-, Ni-, Co-based PM superalloys
  • Forging, rolling, casting and welding
  • 3D printing and other processing innovations
  • Microstructural evolution and characterization
  • Plastic flow behavior and deformation mechanisms
  • Strain rate and temperature sensitivity
  • Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms
  • Boundary in-situ characterization
  • Previous particle boundary
  • Grain size and refinement
  • Secondary precipitate
  • Texture orientation
  • Dislocation motion
  • Fatigue and fracture
  • High-temperature properties (mechanical properties, structural stability, etc.).

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 16099 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Forging and Heat Treatment Variables on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Re-Bearing Powder-Metallurgy Nickel Base Superalloy
by Shamil Mukhtarov, Dmitry Karyagin, Artem Ganeev, Rishat Zainullin, Ruslan Shakhov and Valery Imayev
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061110 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1087
Abstract
In our previous works, the effects of forging and heat treatment variables on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties have been studied for an ingot-metallurgy Re-bearing nickel base superalloy. To overcome the issues associated with the production of large-scale ingots and fine-grained workpieces, in [...] Read more.
In our previous works, the effects of forging and heat treatment variables on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties have been studied for an ingot-metallurgy Re-bearing nickel base superalloy. To overcome the issues associated with the production of large-scale ingots and fine-grained workpieces, in the present work, the effect of hot forging and heat treatment variables was studied in a Re-bearing nickel base superalloy prepared via powder metallurgy. The purpose of the study was to reach the properly balanced mechanical properties for the potential use of the superalloy as a disc material. The initial as-HIPed workpieces were subjected to different hot forging and post-forging heat treatment or only to heat treatment (no forging). For the processed workpieces, the recrystallization behavior, size, morphology and volume fraction of γ′ precipitates were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy followed by a study of mechanical properties. The most properly balanced mechanical properties (strength, ductility, creep resistance and creep rupture lifetime) were reached for the γ grain size of dγ ≈ 13.6 µm. A finer and coarser γ grain size (down to dγ ≈ 2.6 and up to dγ ≈ 37.5 µm) even when superimposed with a higher volume fraction of dispersed secondary γ′ precipitates (in the case of dγ = 27–37.5 µm) was associated with worse mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys)
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12 pages, 4461 KiB  
Article
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure Evolution of a Powder Metallurgy Nickel Based Superalloy with Incomplete Dynamic Recrystallization Microstructure
by Yanhui Liu, Miao Wang, Pengwei Sun, Guang Yang, Wenjie Song and Xiaofeng Wang
Metals 2023, 13(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020239 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
In this paper, the powder metallurgy (P/M) Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 with an incomplete dynamic recrystallization structure was treated by a solution treatment at different temperatures, cooling methods, and holding times. The size, morphology, and distribution of grains and γ′ precipitates were characterized by [...] Read more.
In this paper, the powder metallurgy (P/M) Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 with an incomplete dynamic recrystallization structure was treated by a solution treatment at different temperatures, cooling methods, and holding times. The size, morphology, and distribution of grains and γ′ precipitates were characterized by an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Research results showed that with the increase of solution temperature from 1060 °C to 1100 °C, the degree of recrystallization increased continuously, the distribution of grain became uniform, and a large number of annealing twins were found. At the same time, the degree of redissolution of the primary γ′ precipitates at the grain boundary increased, and the size of secondary γ′ phase reprecipitated within the grain decreased. The morphology of the secondary γ′ precipitates is mainly spherical with a single distribution under air cooling (AC), while the morphology is near-spherical, cuboids, octets, petaloid, and dendrites with a bimodal distribution under furnace cooling (FC). The size of the γ′ precipitates decreased and the volume fraction increased with the extension of holding time at a higher solution temperature (1100 °C). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys)
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11 pages, 84258 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Heat Treatment Process and Formation Mechanism of Grain Boundary Serration for GH4795 Superalloy
by Shuo Huang, Wenyun Zhang, Bingchao Xie, Hao Yu, Yongquan Ning and Beijiang Zhang
Metals 2022, 12(9), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091521 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1631
Abstract
Heat treatments, including solution treatment and isothermal heat treatment, were conducted to investigate the grain boundary serration of GH4975 superalloy. The two different heat treatment processes could both promote the formation of serrated grain boundaries within the present temperature and soaking time ranges, [...] Read more.
Heat treatments, including solution treatment and isothermal heat treatment, were conducted to investigate the grain boundary serration of GH4975 superalloy. The two different heat treatment processes could both promote the formation of serrated grain boundaries within the present temperature and soaking time ranges, provided that the cooling rates were controlled to be quite slow. The samples subjected to furnace cooling exhibited a more obvious serrated grain boundary morphology by comparison with those subjected to air cooling. The interaction between precipitated phases and grain boundaries was focused to explore the formation mechanisms of serrated grain boundaries within GH4975 superalloy. Heat treatment temperature and soaking time strongly affected the morphology and size of precipitated phases, and consequently influenced the formation of serrated grain boundaries. The directional growth of grain boundary precipitates and its pinning effects on the migration of grain boundaries also affected the grain boundary morphology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys)
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14 pages, 7792 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Property of the GH4065A Superalloy Inertia Friction Welded Joints
by Zhaotian Wang, Shuo Huang, Wenyun Zhang, Beijiang Zhang and Yongquan Ning
Metals 2022, 12(8), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081390 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1449
Abstract
Structural characteristics and design requirements for the integration of the integral rotor and disc shaft of the engine, the welding quality, and mechanical properties of superalloy weldments have received more and more attention in recent years. Inertia friction welding (IFW) was carried out [...] Read more.
Structural characteristics and design requirements for the integration of the integral rotor and disc shaft of the engine, the welding quality, and mechanical properties of superalloy weldments have received more and more attention in recent years. Inertia friction welding (IFW) was carried out with the typical fiber structure of the solid solution GH4065A alloy as the research object, the microstructure evolution rules of the plastic deformation zone (PDMZ), the thermally affected zone (TMAZ), and the welding zone (WZ) were studied, and the formation mechanism of metallurgical joints was explored. The size difference of the γ′ phase at the grain boundary and in the fiber structure was revealed. The reason is that the γ′ phase located at the grain boundary has lower diffusion activation energy and higher diffusion rate. The microhardness and tensile properties of the IFW joints were explored, the study found that the microhardness of the TAMZ is the highest, followed by the PDMZ and the WZ. The tensile test results show that with the increase in temperature, the fracture position shifts from the BM to the WZ, the microstructure at the fracture changed significantly, and the yield strength decreased from 1372 to 1085 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Processing Technology of Superalloys)
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