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Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor...
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Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 88920

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xudong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Chemistry bld. A4013, Songhu Road No. 2205, Yangpu District, 200438 Shanghai, China
Interests: optical sensors; luminescence sensing and imaging
Prof. Dr. Hongshang Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Optoelectronics Research Center, College of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: luminescent oxygen sensor; photodynamic thereapy; quantum dots
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Otto S. Wolfbeis was a full professor of Analytical and Interface Chemistry at the University of Regensburg, Germany, from 1995 to 2012, and is well known as a pioneer in the field of luminescence chemo- and biosensors. He has authored numerous papers and reviews on optical (fiber) chemical sensors, fluorescent probes, labels, and bioassays; on advanced polymers for use in sensing schemes; on photonic crystals and upconversion particles; and on spectroscopic methods, including fluorescence (lifetime) and RGB-based digital imaging. Another field relates to bioimaging using advanced nanomaterials. Prof. Wolfbeis has also worked on various types of electrochemical sensors, typically on sensors for gases, neurological drugs and saliva biomarkers, in the aptamer-based electrochemical sensing of thrombin, and in enantioselective sensing. His group described the first capacitive immunosensor back in 1997, and several electrodes coated with molecularly imprinted polymers have been designed for use in impedimetric sensing. Finally, various kinds of analyte response materials were described for use in surface plasmon resonance sensing. His work is listed in https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=pJlFf1IAAAAJ. Many of his sensors are now industrially manufactured. He has (co)edited several books and acted as the (co)organizer of several conferences related to fluorescence spectroscopy (MAF) . He is also the founder of the Europt(r)ode Conference Series, the most comprehensive international conference in the field of optical chemical sensors and biosensors. He was one of the 10 curators of Angewandte Chemie (VCH-Wiley, Weinheim), the editor-in-chief of Microchimica Acta (Springer-Nature, Vienna), and one of the three founding editors of Methods and Application in Fluorescence (Inst. Physics Publ., London).

This Special Issue is dedicated to celebrating the career of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis in honor of his contributions in the field of chemical and biosensors. It will cover a selection of recent research and review articles on subjects ranging from new chemical sensors and biosensors, new probes and labels, novel quantifying methods, and their applications.

Chemical and biosensors are miniaturized analytical devices that can deliver real-time and online information on the presence of specific compounds, (bio)molecules, or ions in complex samples. They are playing increasingly important roles in both fundamental research and environmental and industrial sectors and have found enormous applications in biological research, health care, biomedical monitoring and imaging, environmental monitoring, and automation control. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview and show original innovations in current development and state-of-the-art techniques in chemical and biosensors in the journal Chemosensors. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Reviews on chemical sensors and biosensors;
  • Innovations on chemical sensors and biosensors;
  • Optical sensors and biosensors;
  • Electrochemical sensors and biosensors;
  • Electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensors and biosensors;
  • New sensor film or nanosensors;
  • Novel sensor schemes and new quantifying methods;
  • Applications of chemo- and biosensors;
  • Advanced nanomaterials for use in sensing and bioimaging.

Prof. Dr. Xudong Wang
Prof. Dr. Hongshang Peng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemical sensors
  • biosensors
  • probes
  • labels
  • spectroscope
  • nanoparticles

Published Papers (28 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4273 KiB  
Article
Extracellular pH Monitoring of Live Single Cells in Microdroplets Using Dual-Labelled Fluorinated Silica Nanoparticles and Time-Domain Dual Lifetime Referencing
by Xuyan Lin, Wenting Qiu, Gianmarco Domenico Suarez and Stefan Nagl
Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100379 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1577
Abstract
Fluorinated silica nanoparticles doped with Ruthenium-tris-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride on the inside and covalently conjugated with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and fluorescein isothiocyanate on the outside were developed and served several functions; the fluorination of the particles served to stabilize droplets in a microfluidic system at their interface [...] Read more.
Fluorinated silica nanoparticles doped with Ruthenium-tris-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride on the inside and covalently conjugated with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and fluorescein isothiocyanate on the outside were developed and served several functions; the fluorination of the particles served to stabilize droplets in a microfluidic system at their interface to the continuous phase for single-cell experiments, and the two dyes provided for intrinsically referenced pH readout according to the time-domain dual lifetime referencing scheme. Apart from eliminating the droplet-to-droplet transport, these nanoparticles at the interface of the droplets generated rigid substrates that were suitable for the proliferation of adherent cells in the droplets without additional matrices. Cancer and non-cancer cell lines with culture media were allowed to proliferate in the droplets and the extracellular pH was monitored. These nanoparticles used in a microdroplet system could measure the pH of the extracellular microenvironment of single cells and provide support for the growth of cells in droplets of around 50 µm diameter. The pHe showed 6.84 ± 0.04 and 6.81 ± 0.04 for cancer cells (MCF-7 and A549, respectively) and 7.36 ± 0.03 for healthy cells (HUVEC), after a 10-h incubation, which can be potentially applied in distinguishing tumor from non-tumor cells. Capable of assisting cell culture and pH sensing in droplet microfluidic systems, the dye-conjugated fluorinated nanoparticles described in this work offer possibilities in a variety of biochemical or environmental analytical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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9 pages, 3592 KiB  
Communication
Highly Photostable and pH−Sensitive Nanosensors
by Zhenzhen Lin, Fang Hu, Gang He, Youjun Yang, Yujun Liao, Xiao Luo and Xu-Dong Wang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(9), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090354 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1471
Abstract
Determination of pH values has a vital influence in many chemical and biological processes. To accurately determine pH values, we fabricated a highly photostable ratiometric fluorescent pH−sensitive nanosensor by staining the core of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with a rhodol dye and chemically labelling [...] Read more.
Determination of pH values has a vital influence in many chemical and biological processes. To accurately determine pH values, we fabricated a highly photostable ratiometric fluorescent pH−sensitive nanosensor by staining the core of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with a rhodol dye and chemically labelling its outer shell with a rhodamine derivative dye. The two dyes possess opposite pH−responding directions, which increases the band of the signal change. There is a nine−fold change in fluorescence intensity ratios when the solution pH changes from 3.0 and 9.0. Meanwhile, the nanosensors displayed yellowish emission in low pH value, orange emission in mid pH value, and reddish emission in high pH value, which can be readily inspected by bare eyes. Last but not least, excellent photostability and reversibility features make the nanosensors useful for the continuous measuring of pH with high accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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10 pages, 2219 KiB  
Communication
3-Thienylboronic Acid as a Receptor for Diol-Containing Compounds: A Study by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
by Yulia Efremenko and Vladimir M. Mirsky
Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070251 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
The electrochemical activity of 3-thienylboronic acid and its feature to form polymer films makes it a perspective receptor material for sensor applications. The affinity properties of this compound were studied here by isothermal titration calorimetry. A number of different analytes were tested, and [...] Read more.
The electrochemical activity of 3-thienylboronic acid and its feature to form polymer films makes it a perspective receptor material for sensor applications. The affinity properties of this compound were studied here by isothermal titration calorimetry. A number of different analytes were tested, and the highest binding enthalpy was observed for sorbitol and fructose. An increase of pH in the range of 5.5–10.6 results in the rise of the binding enthalpy with an increase of the binding constant to ~8400 L/mol for sorbitol or ~3400 L/mol for fructose. The dependence of the binding constant on pH has an inflection point at pH 7.6 with a slope that is a ten-fold binding constant per one pH unit. The binding properties of 3-thienylboronic acid were evaluated to be very close to that of the phenylboronic acid, but the electrochemical activity of 3-thienylboronic acid provides a possibility of external electrical control: dependence of the affinity of 3-thienylboronic acid on its redox state defined by the presence of ferro/ferricyanide in different ratios was demonstrated. The results show that 3-thienylboronic acid can be applied in smart chemical sensors with electrochemically controllable receptor affinity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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13 pages, 2128 KiB  
Article
Voltammetric Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Paste Electrode Containing Intrinsic Silver for Determination of Cysteine
by Maša Buljac, Denis Krivić, Ivana Škugor Rončević, Nives Vladislavić and Marijo Buzuk
Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070240 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of cysteine is described, using carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with ternary silver-copper sulfide containing intrinsic silver at two pH values (pH 3 and 5). Experiments have revealed that presence of cysteine has a large impact on [...] Read more.
In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of cysteine is described, using carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with ternary silver-copper sulfide containing intrinsic silver at two pH values (pH 3 and 5). Experiments have revealed that presence of cysteine has a large impact on the electrochemical behavior of modified CPEs. Observed phenomena take place in solution, as well as at the surface of the modified CPEs, and can be applied for electroanalytical purposes. Based on the electrochemical behavior observed in the examined system, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was selected as an electroanalytical method for determination of cysteine. The effects of the various parameters on the electroanalytical signal, such as the amount of electroactive material, electroanalytical parameters, pH etc., were investigated using differential pulse voltammograms. The results indicated that electrochemical signal characterized with well-defined cathodic peak at 0.055 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M) in acetic buffer solution at pH 5 can be used for indirect electrochemical determination of cysteine. The optimization procedure revealed that the most sensitive and stabile electrode was that containing 5% modifier. The DPV response of the electrode, in the presence of cysteine, showed two different linear concentration ranges of 0.1 to 2.5 μM, and 5.6 to 28 μM. The explanation of the origin of two linear ranges is proposed. The lower concentration range was characterized by remarkable sensitivity of the 11.78 μA μM−1, owing to the chosen indirect method of determination. The calculated limit of detection (LOD), as well as limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.032 and 0.081 μM, respectively. The influence of interfering agents on the electroanalytical response was examined, and low or no interference on the DPVs was observed. The proposed method was validated and applied for the determination of cysteine in pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 97 to 101.7%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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12 pages, 3711 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticle-Mediated Signaling for Aptamer-Based Multiplexed Detection of Cortisol and Neuropeptide Y in Serum
by Naimesh Sardesai, Yi Liu, Regina Shia, Peter Mirau, Jorge L. Chávez and Nathan S. Swami
Chemosensors 2022, 10(5), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10050153 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2330
Abstract
Multiplexed profiling of the expression of neurochemical biomarkers of stress, for periodic assessment to enable augmentation of human performance, requires wash-free detection platforms that exhibit reproducible signals from samples in biological matrices. However, alterations in aptamer conformation after binding to targets, such as [...] Read more.
Multiplexed profiling of the expression of neurochemical biomarkers of stress, for periodic assessment to enable augmentation of human performance, requires wash-free detection platforms that exhibit reproducible signals from samples in biological matrices. However, alterations in aptamer conformation after binding to targets, such as cortisol, are minimal based on NMR spectra, and the methylene blue signaling is blocked by serum proteins. Hence, in this study, we explore aptamer derivatization with magnetic nanoparticles that are conjugated with multiple methylene blue moieties, to amplify signals and alter the net charge configuration for repulsing serum proteins, so that the aptamer conformation upon target recognition can lead to a signal ON assay in serum media. Based on this, a microchip platform with addressable electrodes that are immobilized with selective aptamer receptors is developed for multiplexed detection of cortisol (1–700 ng/mL) and neuropeptide Y (5–1000 pg/mL) in patient-derived serum samples, which is validated by immunoassays. We envision the application of this sensor for profiling a wider array of human performance biomarkers under stress-related events to develop stress augmentation methodologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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15 pages, 2684 KiB  
Article
Zinc Donor–Acceptor Schiff Base Complexes as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
by Andreas Russegger, Lisa Eiber, Andreas Steinegger and Sergey M. Borisov
Chemosensors 2022, 10(3), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030091 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2753
Abstract
Four new zinc(II) Schiff base complexes with carbazole electron donor units and either a 2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile or a phthalonitrile acceptor unit were synthesized. The donor units are equipped with two bulky 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains to increase the solubility of the complexes in organic solvents. [...] Read more.
Four new zinc(II) Schiff base complexes with carbazole electron donor units and either a 2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile or a phthalonitrile acceptor unit were synthesized. The donor units are equipped with two bulky 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains to increase the solubility of the complexes in organic solvents. Furthermore, the effect of an additional phenyl linker between donor and acceptor unit on the photophysical properties was investigated. Apart from prompt fluorescence, the Schiff base complexes show thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with quantum yields up to 47%. The dyes bearing a phthalonitrile acceptor emit in the green–yellow part of the electromagnetic spectrum and those with the stronger 2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile acceptor—in the orange–red part of the spectrum. The emission quantum yields decrease upon substitution of phthalonitrile with 2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile and upon introduction of the phenyl spacer. The TADF decay times vary between 130 µs and 3.5 ms at ambient temperature. The weaker phthalonitrile acceptor and the additional phenyl linker favor longer TADF decay times. All the complexes show highly temperature-dependent TADF decay time (temperature coefficients above −3%/K at ambient conditions) which makes them potentially suitable for application as molecular thermometers. Immobilized into cell-penetrating RL-100 nanoparticles, the best representative shows temperature coefficients of −5.4%/K at 25 °C that makes the material interesting for further application in intracellular imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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9 pages, 2579 KiB  
Communication
Upconversion Luminescent Humidity Sensors Based on Lanthanide-Doped MOFs
by Zhuo Wang, Guotao Sun, Jiabo Chen, Yao Xie, Hong Jiang and Lining Sun
Chemosensors 2022, 10(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020066 - 7 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2893
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped metal-organic frameworks (Y/Yb/Er-MOF) were synthesized by a low-cost solvothermal method. The obtained Y/Yb/Er-MOF shows the cooperative upconversion luminescence of Yb3+ and upconversion luminescence of Er3+ (Yb3+-sensitized) irradiated by a continuous wave 980 nm laser. In order to explore [...] Read more.
Lanthanide-doped metal-organic frameworks (Y/Yb/Er-MOF) were synthesized by a low-cost solvothermal method. The obtained Y/Yb/Er-MOF shows the cooperative upconversion luminescence of Yb3+ and upconversion luminescence of Er3+ (Yb3+-sensitized) irradiated by a continuous wave 980 nm laser. In order to explore the potential application of Y/Yb/Er-MOF in relative humidity (RH) sensors, the RH responsiveness of Y/Yb/Er-MOF was investigated by measuring the intensity changes of upconversion luminescence. The Y/Yb/Er-MOF possesses two luminescence centers, in which Yb3+ forms emission at 500 nm through the cooperative luminescence effect, and Er3+ achieves 660 nm emission through excited state absorption and successive energy transfer from Yb3+. Hence, the ratio meter luminescence sensor for RH is constructed based on Y/Yb/Er-MOF. The results show that the response of Y/Yb/Er-MOF to RH presents a linear relationship in the range of 11–95%. The cycle stability of Y/Yb/Er-MOF responses to RH was investigated with the intensity changes of upconversion luminescence, and the recovery ratio was more than 93% each time. Therefore, the Y/Yb/Er-MOF is a humidity-sensitive material with great potential for applications such as humidity sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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12 pages, 2665 KiB  
Article
3D Printing Filaments Facilitate the Development of Evanescent Wave Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) Chemosensors
by Maria del Mar Darder, Luis A. Serrano, Maximino Bedoya and Guillermo Orellana
Chemosensors 2022, 10(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020061 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
One of the major difficulties in the development of evanescent wave optical fiber sensors (EWOFS) lies in the complexity of the manufacturing of the chemosensitive element, particularly when using plastic optical fibers (POFs). While these fibers are appealing waveguides thanks to their low [...] Read more.
One of the major difficulties in the development of evanescent wave optical fiber sensors (EWOFS) lies in the complexity of the manufacturing of the chemosensitive element, particularly when using plastic optical fibers (POFs). While these fibers are appealing waveguides thanks to their low cost, ease of connectorization and robustness, the need for removing the cladding material complicates the EWOFS fabrication. In this paper we discuss how 3D printing filaments can serve as an alternative to commercially available POF for the development of EWOFS. In the process of replacing the traditional POF, we compared the performance of two EWOFS for monitoring airborne formaldehyde. These sensitive elements were manufactured either from 1.75 mm diameter 3D printing filaments, or from a commercially available POF. After the optimization of their respective fabrication protocols, the analytical performance of the two formaldehyde EWOFS was compared in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. In this regard, the easy-to-manufacture 3D printing filament-based waveguides provided 5-fold lower detection limits with respect to the commercial POF-based sensors. Although no statistically significant differences were found in terms of reproducibility, the simplification of the sensor manufacturing process together with the increased analytical performance for chemical sensing spur the use of 3D printing filaments for the development of new POF-based EWOFS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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12 pages, 4322 KiB  
Article
Palladium Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Spheres @ Molybdenum Disulfide Core-Shell Composite for Electrochemically Detecting Quercetin
by Fubin Pei, Yi Wu, Shasha Feng, Hualai Wang, Guangyu He, Qingli Hao and Wu Lei
Chemosensors 2022, 10(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020056 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3124
Abstract
Quercetin (QR), abundant in plants, is used to treat colitis and gastric ulcer and is also a promising anticancer agent. To quantificationally detect QR, a sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated by palladium nanoparticles loaded on carbon sphere @ molybdenum disulfide nanosheet core-shell composites [...] Read more.
Quercetin (QR), abundant in plants, is used to treat colitis and gastric ulcer and is also a promising anticancer agent. To quantificationally detect QR, a sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated by palladium nanoparticles loaded on carbon sphere @ molybdenum disulfide nanosheet core-shell composites (Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs). The Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs worked to remedy the shortcomings of MoS2 and exhibited good catalytic activity to QR. The oxidation reaction of QR on Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs/GCE involved two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the molecular surface for electrostatic potential, Laplacian bond order, and Gibbs free energy were computationally simulated to speculate the order and site of the oxidation of QR. The results showed that the 4′ O–H and 3′ O–H broke successively during the oxidation reaction. When the concentration of QR was within 0.5 to 12 μM, the fabricated sensor could achieve linear detection, and the detection limit was 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor possessed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, which has a broad prospect in practical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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12 pages, 3605 KiB  
Communication
A Bioorthogonal Double Fluorogenic Probe to Visualize Protein–DNA Interaction
by Attila Kormos, Alexandra Egyed, Jasmine M. Olvany, Ágnes Szatmári, Adrienn Biró, Zsóka Csorba, Péter Kele and Krisztina Németh
Chemosensors 2022, 10(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10010037 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3545
Abstract
Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based [...] Read more.
Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based fluorogenicity, rendering these probes double-fluorogenic, AND-type logic switches that require the simultaneous occurrence of a bioorthogonal reaction and interaction with DNA to trigger high intensity fluorescence. The probes were evaluated for double fluorogenic behavior in the presence/absence of DNA and a complementary bioorthogonal function. Our studies revealed that azide and tetrazine appending thiazole orange frames show remarkable double fluorogenic features. One of these probes, a membrane permeable tetrazine modified thiazole orange derivative was further tested in live cell labeling studies. Cells expressing bioorthogonalized DNA-binding proteins showed intensive fluorescence characteristics of the localization of the proteins upon treatment with our double fluorogenic probe. On the contrary, labeling similarly bioorthogonalized cytosolic proteins did not result in the appearance of the fluorescence signal. These studies suggest that such double-fluorogenic probes are indeed capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions in cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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8 pages, 2588 KiB  
Communication
Ionophore-Based Potassium Selective Fluorescent Organosilica Nano-Optodes Containing Covalently Attached Solvatochromic Dyes
by Yupu Zhang, Xinfeng Du and Xiaojiang Xie
Chemosensors 2022, 10(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10010023 - 7 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2788
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoprobes containing ionophores and solvatochromic dyes (SDs) were previously reported as an alternative to chromoionophore-based nano-optodes. However, the small-molecular SDs are prone to leakage and sequestration in complex samples. Here, we chemically attached the SDs to the surface of organosilica nanospheres through [...] Read more.
Fluorescent nanoprobes containing ionophores and solvatochromic dyes (SDs) were previously reported as an alternative to chromoionophore-based nano-optodes. However, the small-molecular SDs are prone to leakage and sequestration in complex samples. Here, we chemically attached the SDs to the surface of organosilica nanospheres through copper-catalyzed Click chemistry to prevent dye leakage. The nano-optodes remained well responsive to K+ even after exposure to a large amount of cation-exchange resin, which acted as a sink of the SDs. The potassium nanoprobes exhibited a dynamic range between 1 μM to 10 mM and a good selectivity thanks to valinomycin. Preliminary sensing device based on a nylon filter paper and agarose hydrogel was demonstrated. The results indicate that the covalent anchoring of SDs on nanospheres is promising for developing ionophore-based nanoprobes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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15 pages, 3744 KiB  
Article
A Model System for Sensitive Detection of Viable E. coli Bacteria Combining Direct Viability PCR and a Novel Microarray-Based Detection Approach
by Lydia Lehniger, Anne Rudloff, Sibyll Pollok, Norman Große, Kristin Wessel, Monique Brendel, Jürgen Popp and Karina Weber
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120357 - 13 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3530
Abstract
We established an innovative approach that included direct, viability, and nested PCR for rapid and reliable identification of the fecal indicator organism Escherichia coli (E. coli). Direct PCR enabled successful amplification of the target uidA gene, omitting a prior DNA isolation [...] Read more.
We established an innovative approach that included direct, viability, and nested PCR for rapid and reliable identification of the fecal indicator organism Escherichia coli (E. coli). Direct PCR enabled successful amplification of the target uidA gene, omitting a prior DNA isolation or purification step. Furthermore, we applied viability PCR (v-PCR) to ensure the detection of only relevant viable bacterial cells. The principle involves the binding of propidium monoazide (PMA), a selective nucleic acid intercalating dye, to accessible DNA of heat killed bacteria cells and, consequently, allows viable and heat killed E. coli cells to be discriminated. To ensure high sensitivity, direct v-PCR was followed by a nested PCR step. The resulting amplicons were analyzed by a rapid 30 min microarray-based DNA hybridization assay for species-specific DNA detection of E. coli. A positive signal was indicated by enzymatically generated silver nanoparticle deposits, which served as robust endpoint signals allowing an immediate visual readout. The presented novel protocol allows the detection of 1 × 101 viable E. coli cells per PCR run. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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14 pages, 2996 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Sensing of Interactions between DNA and Charged Macrocycles
by Tatjana Kulikova, Pavel Padnya, Igor Shiabiev, Alexey Rogov, Ivan Stoikov and Gennady Evtugyn
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120347 - 8 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
In this work, we investigated aggregation of native DNA and thiacalix[4]arene derivative bearing eight terminal amino groups in cone configuration using various redox probes on the glassy carbon electrode. It was shown that sorption transfer of the aggregates on the surface of the [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigated aggregation of native DNA and thiacalix[4]arene derivative bearing eight terminal amino groups in cone configuration using various redox probes on the glassy carbon electrode. It was shown that sorption transfer of the aggregates on the surface of the electrode covered with carbon black resulted in changes in electrostatic interactions and diffusional permeability of the surface layer. Such changes alter the signals of ferricyanide ion, methylene green and hydroquinone as redox probes to a degree depending on their specific interactions with DNA and own charge. Inclusion of DNA in the surface layer was independently confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and experiments with doxorubicin as a model intercalator. Thermal denaturing of DNA affected the charge separation on the electrode interface and the signals of redox probes. Using hydroquinone, less sensitive to electrostatic interactions, made it possible to determine from 10 pM to 1.0 nM doxorubicin (limit of detection 3 pM) after 10 min incubation. Stabilizers present in the commercial medications did not alter the signal. The DNA sensors developed can find future application in the assessment of the complexes formed by DNA and macrocycles as delivery agents for small chemical species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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11 pages, 3532 KiB  
Article
Paper-Based Vapor Detection of Formaldehyde: Colorimetric Sensing with High Sensitivity
by Chenglong Liao, Miao Zhang, Nan Gao, Qingyun Tian, Jiangfan Shi, Shuai Chen, Chuanyi Wang and Ling Zang
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120335 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4631
Abstract
We report on a novel colorimetric sensor system for highly sensitive detection of formaldehyde (FA) in the gas phase. The sensor is constructed with paper towel as a substrate coated with the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine ((NH2OH)2·H2 [...] Read more.
We report on a novel colorimetric sensor system for highly sensitive detection of formaldehyde (FA) in the gas phase. The sensor is constructed with paper towel as a substrate coated with the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine ((NH2OH)2·H2SO4) together with two pH indicators, bromophenol blue and thymol blue. Upon exposure to FA, the hydroxylamine will react with the absorbed FA to form a Schiff base (H2C=N-OH), thus releasing a stoichiometric amount of sulfuric acid, which in turn induces a color change of the pH indicator. Such a color change was significantly enriched by incorporating two pH indicators in the system. With the optimized molar ratio of the two pH indicators, the color change (from brown to yellow, and to red) could become so dramatic as to be visible to the eye depending on the concentration of FA. In particular, under 80 ppb of FA (the air quality threshold set by WHO) the color of the sensor substrate changes from brown to yellow, which can even be envisioned clearly by the naked eyes. By using a color reader, the observed color change can be measured quantitatively as a function of the vapor concentration of FA, which produces a linear relationship as fitted with the data points. This helps estimate the limit of detection (LOD), to be 10 ppb under an exposure time of 10 min, which is much lower than the air quality threshold set by WHO. The reported sensor also demonstrates high selectivity towards FA with no color change observed when exposed to other common chemicals, including solvents and volatile organic compounds. With its high sensitivity and selectivity, the proposed paper-based colorimetric sensor thus developed can potentially be employed as a low-cost and disposable detection kit that may find broad application in detecting FA in indoor air and many other environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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14 pages, 2880 KiB  
Article
Colorimetric Sensing of Benzoyl Peroxide Based on the Emission Wavelength-Shift of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
by Li Zhang, Yimeng Zhu, Feiming Li, Linchun Zhang, Longjie You, Zhiyong Guo, Yaning Huang, Li Zhao and Xi Chen
Chemosensors 2021, 9(11), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9110319 - 14 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
Using the ionic salt characteristics of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs), the fluorescence wavelength of CsPbBr3−xIx NCs could be changed by the halogen exchange reaction between CsPbBr3 NCs and oleylammonium iodide (OLAM-I). Under the excitation of a [...] Read more.
Using the ionic salt characteristics of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs), the fluorescence wavelength of CsPbBr3−xIx NCs could be changed by the halogen exchange reaction between CsPbBr3 NCs and oleylammonium iodide (OLAM-I). Under the excitation of a 365 nm UV lamp and the increase of OLAM-I concentration, the content of iodine in CsPbBr3−xIx NCs increased, and the fluorescence emission wavelength showed a redshift from 511.6 nm to 593.4 nm, resulting in the fluorescence color change of CsPbBr3 NCs from green to orange-red. Since OLAM-I is a mild reducing agent and easily oxidized by benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a novel colorimetric sensing approach for BPO based on the fluorescence wavelength shift was established in this study. The linear relationship between the different wavelength shifts (Δλ) and the concentration of BPO (CBPO) is found to be in the range of 0 to 120 μmol L−1. The coefficient of alteration (R2) and the detection limit are 0.9933 and 0.13 μmol L−1 BPO, respectively. With this approach, the determination procedure of BPO in flour and noodle samples can be achieved in only a few minutes and exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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12 pages, 2120 KiB  
Article
A Facile Strategy for the Ion Current and Fluorescence Dual-Lock in Detection: Naphthalic Anhydride Azide (NAA)-Modified Biomimetic Nanochannel Sensor towards H2S
by I Wu, Dan Zhang and Xuanjun Zhang
Chemosensors 2021, 9(11), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9110298 - 24 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
Inspired by biological channels, the electric signal-based artificial nanochannel system exhibits high sensitivity in various analyses. However, ion current may be affected by many other factors, leading to false-positive signals. For reliable detection, in this work, we apply a facile strategy to combine [...] Read more.
Inspired by biological channels, the electric signal-based artificial nanochannel system exhibits high sensitivity in various analyses. However, ion current may be affected by many other factors, leading to false-positive signals. For reliable detection, in this work, we apply a facile strategy to combine both current signal and fluorescence. Fluorescent probes were conjugated to the nanochannel surface by covalent bonds. By utilizing the specific reduction of azide groups in the probe to amino groups by H2S, a synchronizing change in fluorescence and nanochannel surface charge was established. As a result, both transmembrane ion current and fluorescence intensity showed significant changes. The photoelectric double-checked locking from temporal and spatial variation validly confirmed the response process and protected detection accuracy. The work may provide new ideas for the development of more sophisticated current and fluorescence dual-index nanochannel systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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15 pages, 2955 KiB  
Article
Glucose Biosensor Based on Dendritic Gold Nanostructures Electrodeposited on Graphite Electrode by Different Electrochemical Methods
by Almira Ramanaviciene, Natalija German, Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene and Arunas Ramanavicius
Chemosensors 2021, 9(8), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080188 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3343
Abstract
In this research, we have demonstrated a one-step electrochemical deposition of dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNs) on a graphite rod (GR) electrode without any template, seeds, surfactants, or stabilizers. Three electrochemical methods, namely, constant potential amperometry (CPA), pulse amperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry, were [...] Read more.
In this research, we have demonstrated a one-step electrochemical deposition of dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNs) on a graphite rod (GR) electrode without any template, seeds, surfactants, or stabilizers. Three electrochemical methods, namely, constant potential amperometry (CPA), pulse amperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry, were used for DGN synthesis on GR electrode and further application in enzymatic glucose biosensors. Formed gold nanostructures, including DGNs, were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optimal concentration of HAuCl4 (6.0 mmol L−1), duration of DGNs synthesis (400 s), electrodeposition potential (−0.4 V), and the best electrochemical method (CPA) were determined experimentally. Then the enzyme, glucose oxidase, was adsorbed on the surface of DGNs and covalently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor. The enzymatic glucose biosensor based on DGNs electrodeposited at optimal conditions and modified with glucose oxidase showed a quick response (less than 3 s), a high saturation current (291 μA), appropriate linear range (up to 9.97 mmol L−1 of glucose, R2 = 0.9994), good repeatability (RSD 2.4, 2.2 and 1.5% for 2, 30, 97 mmol L−1 of glucose), low limit of detection (0.059 mmol L−1, S/N = 3) and good stability. Additionally, this biosensor could be successfully applied for glucose determination in real samples with good accuracy. These results proved the principle of enzymatic glucose biosensor development based on DGNs as the basis for further investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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9 pages, 1821 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticle Determination in Water by LED-Excited Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
by Lukas Wunderlich, Peter Hausler, Susanne Märkl, Rudolf Bierl and Thomas Hirsch
Chemosensors 2021, 9(7), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070175 - 11 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2232
Abstract
The increasing popularity of nanoparticles in many applications has led to the fact that these persistent materials pollute our environment and threaten our health. An online sensor system for monitoring the presence of nanoparticles in fresh water would be highly desired. We propose [...] Read more.
The increasing popularity of nanoparticles in many applications has led to the fact that these persistent materials pollute our environment and threaten our health. An online sensor system for monitoring the presence of nanoparticles in fresh water would be highly desired. We propose a label-free sensor based on SPR imaging. The sensitivity was enhanced by a factor of about 100 by improving the detector by using a high-resolution camera. This revealed that the light source also needed to be improved by using LED excitation instead of a laser light source. As a receptor, different self-assembled monolayers have been screened. It can be seen that the nanoparticle receptor interaction is of a complex nature. The best system when taking sensitivity as well as reversibility into account is given by a dodecanethiol monolayer on the gold sensor surface. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, 29 nm in diameter and with a similar refractive index to the most common silica nanoparticles were detected in water down to 1.5 µg mL−1. The sensor can be fully regenerated within one hour without the need for any washing buffer. This sensing concept is expected to be easily adapted for the detection of nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition, and upon miniaturization, suitable for long-term applications to monitor the quality of water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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11 pages, 6832 KiB  
Article
Novel Colour-Based, Prototype Indicator for Use in High-Pressure Processing (HPP)
by Dilidaer Yusufu, Michael Bingham and Andrew Mills
Chemosensors 2021, 9(7), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070164 - 1 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2322
Abstract
The preparation and testing of a colour-based prototype indicator for high-pressure processing (HPP) are described. The indicator is a layered structure comprising a pressed disc of a mixture of silica gel, which has been previously loaded with a set wt% of acidified water, [...] Read more.
The preparation and testing of a colour-based prototype indicator for high-pressure processing (HPP) are described. The indicator is a layered structure comprising a pressed disc of a mixture of silica gel, which has been previously loaded with a set wt% of acidified water, and polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, powders, a water-permeable barrier layer, and a Congo-Red-based pH indicator layer, all vacuum-sealed in a water impermeable plastic film. The value of the wt% is calculated from the ratio of the mass of acidified water added to the mass of originally dry silica gel. The high pressures associated with HPP drive the release of the acidified water from the silica gel and its subsequent transport through the water-permeable barrier layer to the pH indicator, thereby producing a striking red-to-blue colour change. The response of the HPP indicator can be tuned to different HPP conditions by varying the wt% of acidified water used to load the silica gel powder. Indicators, with 61, 63, and 65 wt% acidified water loaded silica gel, are prepared and found to require, respectively, the application of at least, 600, 400, and 300 MPa pressure for 3 min to effect a change colour. To our knowledge, this is the first reported example of a prototype HPP indicator that can be tuned to respond to the very different pressure and time conditions used in HPP to sterilise such very different products as milk, apple and orange juice, and aloe vera gel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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13 pages, 1749 KiB  
Article
“Out of Pocket” Protein Binding—A Dilemma of Epitope Imprinted Polymers Revealed for Human Hemoglobin
by Xiaorong Zhang, Giorgio Caserta, Aysu Yarman, Eszter Supala, Armel F. Tadjoung Waffo, Ulla Wollenberger, Róbert E. Gyurcsányi, Ingo Zebger and Frieder W. Scheller
Chemosensors 2021, 9(6), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060128 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2895
Abstract
The epitope imprinting approach applies exposed peptides as templates to synthesize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the parent protein. While generally the template protein binding to such MIPs is considered to occur via the epitope-shaped cavities, unspecific interactions of the [...] Read more.
The epitope imprinting approach applies exposed peptides as templates to synthesize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the parent protein. While generally the template protein binding to such MIPs is considered to occur via the epitope-shaped cavities, unspecific interactions of the analyte with non-imprinted polymer as well as the detection method used may add to the complexity and interpretation of the target rebinding. To get new insights on the effects governing the rebinding of analytes, we electrosynthesized two epitope-imprinted polymers using the N-terminal pentapeptide VHLTP-amide of human hemoglobin (HbA) as the template. MIPs were prepared either by single-step electrosynthesis of scopoletin/pentapeptide mixtures or electropolymerization was performed after chemisorption of the cysteine extended VHLTP peptide. Rebinding of the target peptide and the parent HbA protein to the MIP nanofilms was quantified by square wave voltammetry using a redox probe gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. While binding of the pentapeptide shows large influence of the amino acid sequence, all three methods revealed strong non-specific binding of HbA to both polyscopoletin-based MIPs with even higher affinities than the target peptides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 8362 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances of Fluorescence Probes for Imaging of Ferroptosis Process
by Hongyu Li, Yan An, Jie Gao, Mingyan Yang, Junjun Luo, Xinmin Li, Jiajia Lv, Xiaohua Li, Zeli Yuan and Huimin Ma
Chemosensors 2022, 10(6), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060233 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2851
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron−dependent form of regulated cell death. It has attracted more and more research interests since it was found because of its potential physiological and pathological roles. In recent years, many efforts have been made for the developments and applications of [...] Read more.
Ferroptosis is an iron−dependent form of regulated cell death. It has attracted more and more research interests since it was found because of its potential physiological and pathological roles. In recent years, many efforts have been made for the developments and applications of selective fluorescence probes for real−time and in situ tracking of bioactive species during ferroptosis process, which is necessary and significant to further study the modulation mechanisms and pathological functions of ferroptosis. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the newly developed fluorescence probes that have been applied for ferroptosis imaging in the recent years, and comprehensively discussing their design strategies, including the probes for iron, reactive oxygen species, biothiols and intracellular microenvironmental factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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23 pages, 4919 KiB  
Review
Recent Progresses in NIR-II Luminescent Bio/Chemo Sensors Based on Lanthanide Nanocrystals
by Tingyu Yang, Jinglei Qin, Jinling Zhang, Lanying Guo, Mu Yang, Xi Wu, Mei You and Hongshang Peng
Chemosensors 2022, 10(6), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060206 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Fluorescent bio/chemosensors are widely used in the field of biological research and medical diagnosis, with the advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. In particular, luminescent bio/chemosensors, based on lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) with a second near-infrared (NIR-II) emission, have attracted much attention, [...] Read more.
Fluorescent bio/chemosensors are widely used in the field of biological research and medical diagnosis, with the advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. In particular, luminescent bio/chemosensors, based on lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) with a second near-infrared (NIR-II) emission, have attracted much attention, owing to greater penetration depth, aside from the merits of narrow emission band, abundant emission lines, and long lifetimes. In this review, NIR-II LnNCs-based bio/chemo sensors are summarized from the perspectives of the mechanisms of NIR-II luminescence, synthesis method of LnNCs, strategy of luminescence enhancement, sensing mechanism, and targeted bio/chemo category. Finally, the problems that exist in present LnNCs-based bio/chemosensors are discussed, and the future development trend is prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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25 pages, 6783 KiB  
Review
Recent Sensing Technologies of Imperceptible Water in Atmosphere
by Moataz Mekawy and Jin Kawakita
Chemosensors 2022, 10(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030112 - 14 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2534
Abstract
Accurate detection and quantitative evaluation of environmental water in vapor and liquids state expressed as humidity and precipitation play key roles in industrial and scientific applications. However, the development of supporting tools and techniques remains a challenge. Although optical methods such as IR [...] Read more.
Accurate detection and quantitative evaluation of environmental water in vapor and liquids state expressed as humidity and precipitation play key roles in industrial and scientific applications. However, the development of supporting tools and techniques remains a challenge. Although optical methods such as IR and LASER could detect environmental water in the air, their apparatus is relatively huge. Alternatively, solid detection field systems (SDFSs) could recently lead to a revolution in device downsizing and sensing abilities via advanced research, mainly for materials technology. Herein, we present an overview of several SDFS based sensing categories and their core materials mainly used to detect water in atmosphere, either in the vapor or liquid phase. We considered the governing mechanism in the detection process, such as adsorption/desorption, condensation/evaporation for the vapor phase, and surface attach/detach for the liquid phase. Sensing categories such as optical, chilled mirror, resistive, capacitive, gravimetric sensors were reviewed together with their designated tools such as acoustic wave, quartz crystal microbalance, IDT, and many others, giving typical examples of daily based real scientific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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30 pages, 6969 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in the Correlative Structured Illumination Microscopy
by Meiting Wang, Jiajie Chen, Lei Wang, Xiaomin Zheng, Jie Zhou, Youjun Zeng, Junle Qu, Yonghong Shao and Bruce Zhi Gao
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120364 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3451
Abstract
The super-resolution imaging technique of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) enables the mixing of high-frequency information into the optical transmission domain via light-source modulation, thus breaking the optical diffraction limit. Correlative SIM, which combines other techniques with SIM, offers more versatility or higher imaging [...] Read more.
The super-resolution imaging technique of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) enables the mixing of high-frequency information into the optical transmission domain via light-source modulation, thus breaking the optical diffraction limit. Correlative SIM, which combines other techniques with SIM, offers more versatility or higher imaging resolution than traditional SIM. In this review, we first briefly introduce the imaging mechanism and development trends of conventional SIM. Then, the principles and recent developments of correlative SIM techniques are reviewed. Finally, the future development directions of SIM and its correlative microscopies are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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25 pages, 4502 KiB  
Review
Current Trends in SPR Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors
by Elba Mauriz and Laura M. Lechuga
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9120330 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
The emerging risk of viral diseases has triggered the search for preventive and therapeutic agents. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, greater efforts have been devoted to investigating virus entry mechanisms into host cells. The feasibility of plasmonic sensing technologies for screening [...] Read more.
The emerging risk of viral diseases has triggered the search for preventive and therapeutic agents. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, greater efforts have been devoted to investigating virus entry mechanisms into host cells. The feasibility of plasmonic sensing technologies for screening interactions of small molecules in real time, while providing the pharmacokinetic drug profiling of potential antiviral compounds, offers an advantageous approach over other biophysical methods. This review summarizes recent advancements in the drug discovery process of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibitors using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors. A variety of SPR assay formats are discussed according to the binding kinetics and drug efficacies of both natural products and repurposed drugs. Special attention has been given to the targeting of antiviral agents that block the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (RBD-S) and the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The functionality of plasmonic biosensors for high-throughput screening of entry virus inhibitors was also reviewed taking into account experimental parameters (binding affinities, selectivity, stability), potential limitations and future applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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27 pages, 3246 KiB  
Review
Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review
by Eduardo C. Reynoso, Serena Laschi, Ilaria Palchetti and Eduardo Torres
Chemosensors 2021, 9(8), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080232 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6139
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the [...] Read more.
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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21 pages, 3676 KiB  
Review
Advances in Wearable Chemosensors
by Panagiota Koralli and Dionysios E. Mouzakis
Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9050099 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
In this review, the latest research on wearable chemosensors is presented. In focus are the results from open literature, mainly from the last three years. The progress in wearable chemosensors is presented with attention drawn to the measuring technologies, their ability to provide [...] Read more.
In this review, the latest research on wearable chemosensors is presented. In focus are the results from open literature, mainly from the last three years. The progress in wearable chemosensors is presented with attention drawn to the measuring technologies, their ability to provide robust data, the manufacturing techniques, as well their autonomy and ability to produce power. However, from statistical studies, the issue of patients’ trust in these technologies has arisen. People do not trust their personal data be transferred, stored, and processed through the vastness of the internet, which allows for timely diagnosis and treatment. The issue of power consumption and autonomy of chemosensor-integrated devices is also studied and the most recent solutions to this problem thoroughly presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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26 pages, 5315 KiB  
Review
Application of PEDOT:PSS and Its Composites in Electrochemical and Electronic Chemosensors
by Nan Gao, Jiarui Yu, Qingyun Tian, Jiangfan Shi, Miao Zhang, Shuai Chen and Ling Zang
Chemosensors 2021, 9(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040079 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 71 | Viewed by 9697
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly important and attractive conducting polymer as well as commercially available in organic electronics, including electrochemical and electronic chemosensors, due to its unique features such as excellent solution-fabrication capability and miscibility, high and controllable conductivity, excellent chemical and [...] Read more.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly important and attractive conducting polymer as well as commercially available in organic electronics, including electrochemical and electronic chemosensors, due to its unique features such as excellent solution-fabrication capability and miscibility, high and controllable conductivity, excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, good optical transparency and biocompatibility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of PEDOT:PSS and its composites, and the application in electrochemical and electronic sensors for detecting liquid-phase or gaseous chemical analytes, including inorganic or organic ions, pH, humidity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonia (NH3), CO, CO2, NO2, and organic solvent vapors like methanol, acetone, etc. We will discuss in detail the structural, architectural and morphological optimization of PEDOT:PSS and its composites with other additives, as well as the fabrication technology of diverse sensor systems in response to a wide range of analytes in varying environments. At the end of the review will be given a perspective summary covering both the key challenges and potential solutions in the future research of PEDOT:PSS-based chemosensors, especially those in a flexible or wearable format. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Otto S. Wolfbeis)
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