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Cancers
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Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New,...
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Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 15357

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angelo Camaioni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head and Neck Department, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
Interests: laryngeal, oropharyngeal, thryroid and major salivary glands surgery
Dr. Pietro De Luca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina—Gemelli Isola Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
Interests: otolaryngology; smell and taste; head and neck cancer; pediatric otolaryngology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francesco Antonio Salzano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
Interests: rhinology; nose surgery; salivary gland endoscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Parotid cancers cover a primary role in head and neck surgery. Several tumors, especially the rarest hystotypes, have gradually gained attention in recent decades in order to understand the impact of some independent prognostic factors in the determination of survival outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to stimulate discussion about news in parotid surgery, trying to provide evidenced-based data focused on new prognostic factors in:

  • Parotid surgery (open, endoscopic, and robotic approach);
  • Adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy;
  • Facial nerve function after parotid surgery;
  • Genetic and molecular mechanisms;
  • Latest advances in robotic surgery, tissue rigeneration, and liquid biopsy.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, case series, clinical trials, and narrative and systematic reviews are welcome. We welcome submissions that cover any relevant topic about parotid gland surgery, diagnosis, adjuvant treatment and molecular pathology.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Angelo Camaioni
Dr. Pietro De Luca
Prof. Dr. Francesco Antonio Salzano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • parotid cancer
  • parotid surgery
  • prognostic factors
  • liquid biopsy
  • rare tumor
  • precision therapy
  • parotid robotic surgery
  • facial nerve
  • facial nerve monitoring
  • parotidectomy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What Is New, and What Is Next?
by Angelo Camaioni, Pietro De Luca and Francesco Antonio Salzano
Cancers 2022, 14(9), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092130 - 24 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers account approximately for 7% of all head and neck tumors [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)

Research

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11 pages, 1602 KiB  
Article
Support Tools in the Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors through Inflammatory Biomarkers and Radiomics Metrics: A Preliminary Study
by Umberto Committeri, Simona Barone, Giovanni Salzano, Antonio Arena, Gerardo Borriello, Francesco Giovacchini, Roberta Fusco, Luigi Angelo Vaira, Alfonso Scarpa, Vincenzo Abbate, Lorenzo Ugga, Pasquale Piombino, Franco Ionna, Luigi Califano and Giovanni Dell’Aversana Orabona
Cancers 2023, 15(6), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061876 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1409
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate how the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and radiomic metrics (quantitative descriptors of image content) extracted from MRI sequences by machine learning increase [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate how the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and radiomic metrics (quantitative descriptors of image content) extracted from MRI sequences by machine learning increase the efficacy of proper presurgical differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Methods: A retrospective study of 117 patients with salivary gland tumors was conducted between January 2015 and November 2022. Univariate analyses with nonparametric tests and multivariate analyses with machine learning approaches were used. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the Kruskal–Wallis test based on median values in discriminating Warthin tumors from pleomorphic adenoma and malignancies. The accuracy of NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI was 0.88, 0.74, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively. Analysis of radiomic metrics to discriminate Warthin tumors from pleomorphic adenoma and malignancies showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in nine radiomic features. The best multivariate analysis result was obtained from an SVM model with 86% accuracy, 68% sensitivity, and 91% specificity for six features. Conclusions: Inflammatory biomarkers and radiomic features can comparably support a pre-surgical differential diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)
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8 pages, 1250 KiB  
Article
Primary and Secondary Tumors of the Parotid Gland: Clinical Features and Prognosis
by Giancarlo Pecorari, Claudia Pizzo, Marco Briguglio, Ester Cravero and Giuseppe Riva
Cancers 2023, 15(4), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041293 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1863
Abstract
Primary and secondary malignant tumors can affect the parotid gland. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland. In particular, a comparison between primary and secondary cancer and survival [...] Read more.
Primary and secondary malignant tumors can affect the parotid gland. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland. In particular, a comparison between primary and secondary cancer and survival analyses were performed. Eighteen patients with primary cancer and fifteen with intraparotid metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma were included. A chart review was performed to collect clinical data (age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, tumor stage, type of surgical procedure, complications, recurrence and death). The majority of primary tumors were early (T1-2 N0, 83%) with mucoepidermoid carcinoma being the most common (33%). Secondary tumors were mostly staged P2 (53%) and N0 (67%). Subjects with secondary tumors were older than those with primary cancer. Post-operative permanent facial palsy was observed in 5 patients (17%) with primary cancer and 9 (60%) with secondary tumors (p = 0.010). Two-year overall survival for primary and secondary parotid cancer was 76.58% and 43.51%, respectively (p = 0.048), while 2-year disease-free survival was 76.05% and 38.50%, respectively (p = 0.152). In conclusion, secondary cancer of the parotid gland has worse survival than primary tumors. In the future, the implementation of multimodality treatment of intraparotid metastases is necessary to improve oncologic outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)
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Review

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19 pages, 2389 KiB  
Review
Histopathological Aspects of the Prognostic Factors for Salivary Gland Cancers
by Haruto Nishida, Takahiro Kusaba, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuzo Oyama and Tsutomu Daa
Cancers 2023, 15(4), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041236 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4372
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are diagnosed using histopathological examination, which significantly contributes to their progression, including lymph node/distant metastasis or local recurrence. In the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Salivary Glands (5th edition), malignant and benign epithelial [...] Read more.
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are diagnosed using histopathological examination, which significantly contributes to their progression, including lymph node/distant metastasis or local recurrence. In the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Salivary Glands (5th edition), malignant and benign epithelial tumors are classified into 21 and 15 tumor types, respectively. All malignant tumors have the potential for lymph node/distant metastasis or local recurrence. In particular, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), salivary duct carcinoma, salivary carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS, formerly known as adenocarcinoma, NOS), myoepithelial carcinoma, epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (PA) are relatively prevalent. High-grade transformation is an important aspect of tumor progression in SGCs. MEC, AdCC, salivary carcinoma, and NOS have a distinct grading system; however, a universal histological grading system for SGCs has not yet been recommended. Conversely, PA is considered benign; nonetheless, it should be cautiously treated to avoid the development of metastasizing/recurrent PA. The aim of this review is to describe the current histopathological aspects of the prognostic factors for SGCs and discuss the genes or molecules used as diagnostic tools that might have treatment target potential in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)
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12 pages, 908 KiB  
Review
MicroRNAs’ Crucial Role in Salivary Gland Cancers’ Onset and Prognosis
by Marco Bocchetti, Piera Grisolia, Federica Melisi, Maria Grazia Ferraro, Pietro De Luca, Angelo Camaioni, Michela Falco, Marianna Abate, Gabriella Misso, Roberto Alfano, Nunzio Accardo, Flavia Oliva, Alessia Maria Cossu, Michele Caraglia, Marianna Scrima and Filippo Ricciardiello
Cancers 2022, 14(21), 5304; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215304 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4090
Abstract
Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is an uncommon and heterogeneous disease that accounts for around 8.5% of all head and neck cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of a class of highly conserved, short, single-stranded segments (18–25 nucleotides) of noncoding RNA that represent key gene-transcription regulators [...] Read more.
Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is an uncommon and heterogeneous disease that accounts for around 8.5% of all head and neck cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of a class of highly conserved, short, single-stranded segments (18–25 nucleotides) of noncoding RNA that represent key gene-transcription regulators in physiological and pathological human conditions. However, their role in SGC development and progression is not completely clear. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent findings on the topic, focusing on the prognostic and diagnostic value of the major modulated and validated microRNAs in SGC. Their differential expression could possibly aid the clinician in delivering an early diagnosis, therapeutic strategy and precision medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)
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12 pages, 1774 KiB  
Review
Systematic Review of Parotid Gland Sarcomas: Multi-Variate Analysis of Clinicopathologic Findings, Therapeutic Approaches and Oncological Outcomes That Affect Survival Rate
by Andrea Colizza, Arianna Di Stadio, Massimo Ralli, Pietro De Luca, Carlo Cavaliere, Antonio Gilardi, Federica Zoccali, Mara Riminucci, Antonio Greco, Alessandro Corsi and Marco de Vincentiis
Cancers 2022, 14(19), 4862; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194862 - 5 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1528
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature of sarcoma of the parotid gland in order to analyze the main factors affecting survival rate. A systematic literature review was performed between January 1990 to November 2021, and 88 patients affected [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature of sarcoma of the parotid gland in order to analyze the main factors affecting survival rate. A systematic literature review was performed between January 1990 to November 2021, and 88 patients affected by parotid gland sarcomas were included. The most common histological types were Rhabdomyosarcoma and Synovial Sarcoma. From our review, it emerges that primary sarcomas of the parotid glands are locally aggressive but show low tendency to metastasize to the lymph nodes of the neck and that surgery (i.e., total or radical parotidectomy) is the main approach for their treatment. The global overall survival (OS) is 52% at 5 years and 34.1% at 10 years. The OS for T1, T2, T3, T4 tumor at 5 years of follow up is 80.0%, 66.5%, 56.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Size/extension at the diagnosis and the sarcoma’s histotype are the most important prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that surgery (total or radical parotidectomy) performed on the tumor (p = 0.0008) was the only parameter that significantly affected the OS. Among the other variables, age (younger), use of adjuvant therapy and lymph node metastasis showed borderline significative values (p = 0.05). Our analysis suggests that, when a primitive parotid sarcoma is diagnosed, total or radical parotidectomy should be performed at any age independent of tumor histology. Because regional lymph node metastases from parotid sarcomas are uncommon, alternative strategies (e.g., close follow-up by imaging and evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes) should be pursued before lymph node (selective/radical) dissection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prognostic Factors after Surgery for Salivary Gland Cancer; What's New, and What's Next?)
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