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Biomolecules
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Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors
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Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 16567

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Edward N. Harris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, 1901 Vine St., Beadle N133, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
Interests: endocytosis; scavenger receptor; ligand; sinusoidal endothelium; receptor turnover; clearance; glycosaminoglycan

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled, “Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors” explores the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the Stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 and Stabilin-2/HARE receptors in physiologically normal and diseased states. 

In this issue, we will explore how both Stabilin receptors are prolific scavenger and signaling receptors for a multitude of ligands, both natural and synthetic. In addition, these receptors are responsible for the maintenance and development of specific cell/tissues among several organ types including the liver, muscle, spleen, etc. The full impact of what we know about both receptors is just starting to become apparent, with much work to do in the future. We will acknowledge the development of what we know, the current state-of-the-art for both receptors, and look forward as these receptor molecules become increasingly important for medical applications.

Dr. Edward N. Harris
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tissue development
  • tissue maintenance
  • endocytosis
  • scavenger receptor
  • muscle
  • nanotechnology
  • synthetic ligand
  • epidermal growth factor
  • fasciclin
  • sinusoidal endothelium

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

18 pages, 615 KiB  
Review
Discovery of the Liver Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE) and Its Progressive Emergence as the Multi-Ligand Scavenger Receptor Stabilin-2
by Paul H. Weigel
Biomolecules 2019, 9(9), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090454 - 6 Sep 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2827
Abstract
Since the discovery of a novel liver hyaluronan (HA) clearance receptor in 1981 by Laurent, Fraser and coworkers, 22 different ligands cleared by the renamed receptor (the Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE); Stabilin-2 (Stab2)) were discovered over 37 years. Ligands fall into three [...] Read more.
Since the discovery of a novel liver hyaluronan (HA) clearance receptor in 1981 by Laurent, Fraser and coworkers, 22 different ligands cleared by the renamed receptor (the Hyaluronan Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE); Stabilin-2 (Stab2)) were discovered over 37 years. Ligands fall into three groups: (1) 11 anionic polymers, (2) seven cleaved or modified proteins and (3) four types of cells. Seven synthetic ligands, not found normally in serum or tissues, likely mimic natural molecules cleared by the receptor. In 2002 we purified and cloned HARE, based on HA-binding activity, and two other groups cloned full-length receptor; FEEL-2 and Stab2. Macrophages likely require full-length Stab2 for efficient binding and phagocytosis of bacteria or apoptotic cells, since cell-binding domains are throughout the receptor. In contrast, all 16 known single-molecule binding sites are only within the C-terminal half (190HARE). The HARE isoform is generated by proteolysis, not mRNA splicing. The majority of circulating ligands is cleared by HARE, since sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen and lymph node express twice as many HARE half-receptors as full-length receptors. Based on their significant binding and functional differences, a modified receptor nomenclature is proposed that designates HARE as the C-terminal half-receptor isoform and Stab2 as the full-length receptor isoform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors)
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16 pages, 1663 KiB  
Review
Stabilin Receptors: Role as Phosphatidylserine Receptors
by Seung-Yoon Park and In-San Kim
Biomolecules 2019, 9(8), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9080387 - 20 Aug 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5331
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine is a membrane phospholipid that is localized to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine externalization to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is an important signal for various physiological processes, including apoptosis, platelet activation, cell fusion, lymphocyte activation, and [...] Read more.
Phosphatidylserine is a membrane phospholipid that is localized to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine externalization to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is an important signal for various physiological processes, including apoptosis, platelet activation, cell fusion, lymphocyte activation, and regenerative axonal fusion. Stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 are membrane receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. Here, we discuss the functions of Stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 as phosphatidylserine receptors in apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis) and cell fusion, and their ligand-recognition and signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors)
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14 pages, 1077 KiB  
Review
The Role of Stabilin-1 in Lymphocyte Trafficking and Macrophage Scavenging in the Liver Microenvironment
by Daniel A. Patten and Shishir Shetty
Biomolecules 2019, 9(7), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9070283 - 16 Jul 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4465
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are a major global health burden, and cases of these conditions continue to rise in many countries. A diverse range of insults can lead to chronic liver disease, but they are all characterised by the infiltration and accumulation of immune [...] Read more.
Chronic liver diseases are a major global health burden, and cases of these conditions continue to rise in many countries. A diverse range of insults can lead to chronic liver disease, but they are all characterised by the infiltration and accumulation of immune cells within liver tissue and, if progressive, can lead to tissue fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we focus on the role of stabilin-1 in two key processes that contribute to liver disease, namely, the recruitment of lymphocytes into liver tissue and the response of macrophages to tissue injury. Stabilin-1 is constitutively expressed on the sinusoidal endothelium of the liver and contributes to the homeostatic scavenging function of these cells. Epithelial damage in the context of chronic liver disease leads to the upregulation of stabilin-1 at sites of tissue injury, specifically at sites of immune cell recruitment and on subpopulations of hepatic macrophages. Functionally, stabilin-1 has been shown to mediate transendothelial migration of lymphocyte subsets in the setting of pro-inflammatory-activated human liver endothelium. In experimental models of liver fibrosis, stabilin-1 promotes the uptake of products of chronic oxidative stress by a subset of hepatic macrophages and suppresses their release of pro-inflammatory mediators that regulate tissue remodelling. These studies highlight the active contribution that scavenger receptors such as stabilin-1 can make in regulating chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors)
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14 pages, 1270 KiB  
Review
Ligand Binding and Signaling of HARE/Stabilin-2
by Edward N. Harris and Fatima Cabral
Biomolecules 2019, 9(7), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9070273 - 11 Jul 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3455
Abstract
The Stabilin receptors are a two-member family in the type H class of scavenger receptors. These dynamic receptors bind and internalize multiple ligands from the cell surface for the purpose of clearing extracellular material including some synthetic drugs and for sensing the external [...] Read more.
The Stabilin receptors are a two-member family in the type H class of scavenger receptors. These dynamic receptors bind and internalize multiple ligands from the cell surface for the purpose of clearing extracellular material including some synthetic drugs and for sensing the external environment of the cell. Stabilin-1 was the first receptor to be cloned, though the biological activity of Hyaluronic Acid Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE)/Stabilin-2 was observed about 10 years prior to the cloning of Stabilin-1. Stabilin-1 has a more diverse expression profile among the tissues than HARE/Stabilin-2. This review will focus on HARE/Stabilin-2 and its interactions with hyaluronan, heparin, and phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides and what is known about how this receptor participates in signaling upon ligand binding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Functions of Stabilin Receptors)
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