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Animals
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Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture
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Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 7843

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Renato Massaaki Honji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo (CEBIMar/USP), São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Interests: aquaculture; reproduction; animal physiology; neuroendocrinology and endocrinology; gametogenesis; steroidogenesis; embryogenesis
Dr. Bruno Cavalheiro Araújo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
Interests: aquaculture; physiology; reproduction; broodstock nutrition; energetic metabolism
Dr. Paulo Henrique De Mello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beacon Development Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Interests: aquaculture; physiology; reproduction; gametes quality; larvae development; broodstock and larvae nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aquaculture industry is home to the fastest growing activity in the agriculture sector worldwide. To ensure that sustainable growth continues and in order to fulfil the increasing demand for food with a world population of 8 billion people, the reproduction and development of fish are two crucial areas. Many approaches are constantly evolving in the reproduction of fish, such as the application of hormonal therapies to the reproduction of fish, breeding programs, precocious maturation, the approaches to enhance the quality of gametes, broodstock nutrition and its effects on the success of reproduction, and the reproduction of emerging species. Moreover, many tools are emerging to address the development of fish, specifically tools which are targeting improvements in the aquaculture industry such as genomic tools, the manipulation of environmental factors, new ingredients for live feeds and micro diets, morphophysiology, and surrogate broodstock technology. So, allied with the demands of the aquaculture industry, the number of species under domestication are increasing rapidly, thus, conducting research to supply this demand is the only solution to pave the way for the sustainability of the modern aquaculture.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to present original research and reviews with the tools directly related to supplying the demands of the modern aquaculture, regarding the reproduction and development of fish, since these areas are of special interest to maintain the sustainability of the aquaculture industry.

Dr. Renato Massaaki Honji
Dr. Bruno Cavalheiro Araújo
Dr. Paulo Henrique De Mello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reproduction
  • aquaculture
  • gametes quality
  • physiology applied to aquaculture
  • broodstock nutrition
  • embryogenesis
  • larviculture
  • eggs and larvae
  • morphophysiological
  • breeding programs

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4616 KiB  
Article
Early Ontogeny of Cichlids Using Selected Species as Examples
by Radosław Piesiewicz, Jan Krzystolik, Agata Korzelecka-Orkisz, Adam Tański and Krzysztof Formicki
Animals 2024, 14(8), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081238 - 20 Apr 2024
Viewed by 417
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize in detail the reproductive strategy, course of embryogenesis, and development of larvae in three species of fishes of the genus Cichlasoma: the green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus), the red discus (Symphysodon discus [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to characterize in detail the reproductive strategy, course of embryogenesis, and development of larvae in three species of fishes of the genus Cichlasoma: the green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus), the red discus (Symphysodon discus), and the jaguar cichlid (Parachromis managuensis). Eggs for the study were obtained from five pairs of each species (300 eggs from each female) and incubated at 26 °C. The developing eggs were observed under a microscope (Carl Zeiss Stereo Discovery. V12 and Nikon 2000SE software (NIS-Elements F 4.30.01 64-bit) from fertilization to larval hatching until complete yolk-sac resorption. The largest average number of eggs per female was found in the jaguar cichlid (x¯ = 2991 eggs), a smaller average number of eggs was shown in the green terror (x¯ = 922 eggs), and the red discus showed the smallest average number of eggs (x¯ = 300 eggs). There were significant differences in the sizes of the eggs of the studied species: jaguar cichlid eggs were the smallest (1.060 ± 0.05 mm3), red discus eggs were larger (1.070 ± 0.07 mm3), and green terror eggs were the largest (1.365 ± 0.16 mm3). The embryogenesis time in the red discus was 2132 °H (82 Hpf), in the green terror it was 2158 °H (83 Hpf), and the longest in the jaguar cichlid was 2470 °H (87 Hpf). At the end of embryogenesis, the average size of the larvae after hatching was measured (red discus x¯ = 4.346 mm, green terror x¯ = 5.203 mm, and jaguar cichlid x¯ = 5.301 mm) and the time of yolk-sac resorption from the moment of hatching to the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding was determined (jaguar cichlid 5 days, green terror 6 days, and red discus 3 days). The results of this study may contribute to the development of reproductive biotechnology for the studied fishes that could be used in aquaculture and, thus, help protect them in their natural habitats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture)
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11 pages, 2681 KiB  
Communication
Convolutional Neural Networks in the Inspection of Serrasalmids (Characiformes) Fingerlings
by Marília Parreira Fernandes, Adriano Carvalho Costa, Heyde Francielle do Carmo França, Alene Santos Souza, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Viadanna, Lessandro do Carmo Lima, Liege Dauny Horn, Matheus Barp Pierozan, Isabel Rodrigues de Rezende, Rafaella Machado dos S. de Medeiros, Bruno Moraes Braganholo, Lucas Oliveira Pereira da Silva, Jean Marc Nacife, Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa, Marco Antônio Pereira da Silva and Rodrigo Fortunato de Oliveira
Animals 2024, 14(4), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040606 - 13 Feb 2024
Viewed by 855
Abstract
Aquaculture produces more than 122 million tons of fish globally. Among the several economically important species are the Serrasalmidae, which are valued for their nutritional and sensory characteristics. To meet the growing demand, there is a need for automation and accuracy of processes, [...] Read more.
Aquaculture produces more than 122 million tons of fish globally. Among the several economically important species are the Serrasalmidae, which are valued for their nutritional and sensory characteristics. To meet the growing demand, there is a need for automation and accuracy of processes, at a lower cost. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a viable alternative for automation, reducing human intervention, work time, errors, and production costs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in counting round fish fingerlings (Serrasalmidae) at different densities using 390 color photographs in an illuminated environment. The photographs were submitted to two convolutional neural networks for object detection: one model was adapted from a pre-trained CNN and the other was an online platform based on AutoML. The metrics used for performance evaluation were precision (P), recall (R), accuracy (A), and F1-Score. In conclusion, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective tools for detecting and counting fish. The pre-trained CNN demonstrated outstanding performance in identifying fish fingerlings, achieving accuracy, precision, and recall rates of 99% or higher, regardless of fish density. On the other hand, the AutoML exhibited reduced accuracy and recall rates as the number of fish increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture)
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30 pages, 2604 KiB  
Article
Influence of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio and Temperature on the Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Liver Morphology of Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) (Teleostei: Serranidae) Juveniles
by Ethiene Fernandes de Oliveira, Bruno Cavalheiro Araújo, Victor Hugo Marques, Paulo Henrique de Mello, Renata Guimarães Moreira and Renato Massaaki Honji
Animals 2023, 13(20), 3212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13203212 - 14 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1088
Abstract
An 8-week trial was performed to evaluate the influence of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios and temperature on the fatty acid (FA) metabolism and liver morphology of Epinephelus marginatus. A basal diet was manufactured, and DHA (D1:0.5%; D2:0.75%; D3:1%; and [...] Read more.
An 8-week trial was performed to evaluate the influence of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios and temperature on the fatty acid (FA) metabolism and liver morphology of Epinephelus marginatus. A basal diet was manufactured, and DHA (D1:0.5%; D2:0.75%; D3:1%; and D4:1.5%) and EPA (D1:1.0%; D2:0.75%; D3:0.5%; and D4:0%) levels were added. E. marginatus were kept in twelve tanks with a lower temperature (LT, 23.17 ± 0.12 °C) and twelve with a higher temperature (HT, 28.63 ± 0.06 °C). The DHA/EPA ratio did not affect performance, regardless of the temperature, but the animals fed with the D4 diet showed better growth at HT. A higher lipid deposition and a large lipid vacuole area in the hepatocytes at HT were observed, regardless of the diet. Triacylglycerol (TG) in reflected the diet FA profile mainly in the muscle and liver, whereas the phospholipid (PL) was less influenced by the diet. The same DHA content in the TG fraction of muscle (D3 and D4) were observed at LT; however, only the DHA/EPA ratio of D4 could be differentially stored in the TG fraction of muscle (HT). Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA increased in the PL of the eyes at HT, whereas saturated FA was reduced in the TG and PL fractions at LT. These results evidence the importance of temperature and a balanced DHA/EPA ratio in the diet of marine fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture)
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16 pages, 2427 KiB  
Article
Masculinization of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Using 17α-Methyltestosterone-Loaded Alkyl Polyglucosides Integrated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
by Jakarwan Yostawonkul, Sirikorn Kitiyodom, Kittipat Supchukun, Nutthanit Thumrongsiri, Nattika Saengkrit, Komkiew Pinpimai, Amin Hajitou, Kim D. Thompson, Kasem Rattanapinyopituk, Masashi Maita, Manoj Tukaram Kamble, Teerapong Yata and Nopadon Pirarat
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081364 - 16 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2927
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize a masculinization platform for the production of all-male red tilapia fry by oral administration of 30 and 60 ppm of MT and alkyl polyglucoside nanostructured lipid carriers (APG-NLC) loaded with MT, respectively, for 14 [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to optimize a masculinization platform for the production of all-male red tilapia fry by oral administration of 30 and 60 ppm of MT and alkyl polyglucoside nanostructured lipid carriers (APG-NLC) loaded with MT, respectively, for 14 and 21 days. The characterization, encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics of MT in lipid-based nanoparticles were assessed in vitro. The results showed that the MT-loaded nanoparticles were spherical, ranging from 80 to 125 nm in size, and had a negative charge with a narrow particle distribution. The APG-NLC loaded with MT provided higher physical stability and encapsulation efficacy than the NLC. The release rate constants of MT from MT-NLC and MT-APG-NLC were higher than those of free MT, which is insoluble in aqueous media. There was no significant difference in survival between the fish administered MT or the those fed orally with MT-APG-NLC fish. According to the logistic regression analysis, the sex reversal efficacy of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) and MT (60 ppm), resulted in significantly higher numbers of males after 21 days of treatment compared with the controls. The production cost of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) after 21 days of treatment was reduced by 32.9% compared with the conventional MT treatment group (60 ppm). In all the treatments, the length–weight relationship (LWR) showed negatively allomeric growth behavior (b < 3), with a relative condition factor (Kn) of more than 1. Therefore, MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) would seem to be a promising, cost-effective way to reduce the dose of MT used for the masculinization of farmed red tilapia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture)
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12 pages, 1192 KiB  
Article
Priming European Sea Bass Female Broodstock Improves the Antimicrobial Immunity of Their Offspring
by Yulema Valero, Luis Mercado, Marta Arizcun, Alberto Cuesta and Elena Chaves-Pozo
Animals 2023, 13(3), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030415 - 26 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Acquiring immunocompetence is essential in the development of fish embryos, as they are exposed to environmental pathogens even before they are fertilized. Despite the importance of the antimicrobial function as the first line of defense against foreign microorganisms, little knowledge is available about [...] Read more.
Acquiring immunocompetence is essential in the development of fish embryos, as they are exposed to environmental pathogens even before they are fertilized. Despite the importance of the antimicrobial function as the first line of defense against foreign microorganisms, little knowledge is available about its role in larval development. In vertebrates, transgenerational immune priming influences the acquisition of immunocompetence of specimens, regulating the selective allocation of nongenetic resources to their progeny and modulating their development. In this work, we primed teleost European sea bass broodstock females with a viral protein expression vector in order to evaluate the innate immunity development of their offspring. Several antimicrobial functions, the pattern of expression of gene coding for different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their protein levels, were evaluated in eggs and larvae during development. Our data determined the presence of antimicrobial proteins of maternal origin in eggs, and that female vaccination increases antimicrobial activities and the transcription and synthesis of AMPs during larval development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture)
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