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Animals
Special Issues
Animal Vaccines and Molecular Immunology
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Animal Vaccines and Molecular Immunology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3854

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yue Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Interests: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; porcine coronavirus; porcine enteric virus; veterinary clinical diagnostic research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The immunization of animals is generally accepted as the most cost-effective method of controlling existing and emerging infectious pathogens. Several effective vaccines have been developed to significantly reduce the impact of some important diseases on both companion animals and livestock. The ultimate goal of vaccination is to generate humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses, thereby inducing protection against subsequent natural infection.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide original research and reviews on animal vaccines against well-known and emerging pathogens that challenge animal health. Topics of interest range from discovery science to preclinical research, development, and clinical evaluation. We welcome articles on the development and evaluation of vaccines and molecular immunology related to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. The scope of the section covers vaccine engineering, design, formulation, adjuvants, delivery and testing, and the associated immunological evaluation. The goal of this Special Issue is to present technological and conceptual research in all aspects of animal vaccines and molecular immunology.

Dr. Yue Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine design
  • vaccine development
  • adjuvant
  • vaccination
  • molecular immunology
  • immune responses
  • farm animals
  • companion animals

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2020 KiB  
Article
The Oral Inactivated Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Presenting in the Intestine Induces Mucosal Immunity in Mice with Alginate–Chitosan Microcapsules
by Ziliang Qin, Zida Nai, Gang Li, Xinmiao He, Wentao Wang, Jiqiao Xia, Wang Chao, Lu Li, Xinpeng Jiang and Di Liu
Animals 2023, 13(5), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050889 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1814
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV, which causes diarrhea, vomiting and death in piglets, causes huge economic losses. Therefore, understanding how to induce mucosal immune responses in piglets is essential in the mechanism and application against PEDV infection with mucosal immunity. A method [...] Read more.
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV, which causes diarrhea, vomiting and death in piglets, causes huge economic losses. Therefore, understanding how to induce mucosal immune responses in piglets is essential in the mechanism and application against PEDV infection with mucosal immunity. A method of treatment in our research was used to make an oral vaccine that packaged the inactive PEDV with microencapsulation, which consisted of sodium alginate and chitosan, and adapted the condition of the gut in mice. The in vitro release experiment of microcapsules showed that inactive PEDV was not only easily released in saline and acid solutions but also had an excellent storage tolerance, and was suitable for use as an oral vaccine. Interestingly, both experimental groups with different doses of inactive virus enhanced the secretion of specific antibodies in the serum and intestinal mucus, which caused the effective neutralization against PEDV in the Vero cell by both IgG and IgA, respectively. Moreover, the microencapsulation could stimulate the differentiation of CD11b+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells, which means that the microencapsulation was also identified as an oral adjuvant to help phagocytosis of dendritic cells in mice. Flow cytometry revealed that the B220+ and CD23+ of the B cells could significantly increase antibody production with the stimulation from the antigens’ PEDV groups, and the microencapsulation could also increase the cell viability of B cells, stimulating the secretion of antibodies such as IgG and IgA in mice. In addition, the microencapsulation promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-17, were inhibited by alginate and chitosan in the microencapsulation groups compared with the inactivated PEDV group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the microparticle could play the role of mucosal adjuvant, and release inactivated PEDV in the gut, which can effectively stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Vaccines and Molecular Immunology)
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15 pages, 1372 KiB  
Article
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Poultry Flocks in Hebei Province, China
by Libao Chen, Ligong Chen, Xuejing Wang, Shuying Huo and Yurong Li
Animals 2022, 12(20), 2873; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12202873 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Enteric viruses, as a potential pathogen, have been found to be vital causes of economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. The enteric viruses widely studied to date mainly include avian nephritis virus (ANV), avian reovirus (ARe), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), chicken parvovirus (ChPV), fowl [...] Read more.
Enteric viruses, as a potential pathogen, have been found to be vital causes of economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. The enteric viruses widely studied to date mainly include avian nephritis virus (ANV), avian reovirus (ARe), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), chicken parvovirus (ChPV), fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and avian rotavirus (ARoV). This paper aimed to identify single and multiple infections of the seven enteric viruses using the data obtained from positive 145 enteric virus samples in poultry flocks from different areas in Hebei Province, throughout the period from 2019 to 2021. Next, the correlation between bird age and clinical signs was investigated using PCR and RT-PCR techniques. Furthermore, the whole genomes of seven parvovirus strains and open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of six CAstV strains and eight ANV strains were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis, to characterize the viruses and evaluate species correlation and geographic patterns. A total of 11 profiles of virus combinations were detected; 191 viruses were detected in 145 samples; 106 single infections were reported in 73.1% of the samples; and multiple infections were detected in the remaining 26.9%. For viruses, 69% of ChPV was correlated with single infection, while ANV (61.4%) and CAstV (56.1%) were correlated with multiple infections. However, IBV and ARe were not detected in any of the samples. Recombination events were reported in parvovirus, and all CAstV sequences investigated in this paper were included within genotype Bii. The eight ANV strains pertained to different subtypes with significant differences. The above results revealed for the first time the complexity of enteric viruses over the past several years, thus contributing to disease prevention and control in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Vaccines and Molecular Immunology)
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