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p. 67-69
Received: 5 December 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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p. 70-78
Received: 26 July 2000 / Accepted: 1 October 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (48 KB) Abstract: A range of brominated indole derivatives were found in the egg masses of six species of muricid molluscs. Several non-brominated indoles were also present in the eggs of two Mediterranean Muricidae, although these were not found in the Australian species. Tyrindoleninone (3), was the only compound found in all six species and is likely to be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity of these muricid egg masses [1,2]. These bioactive indoles appear to be characteristic of muricid egg masses and were not found in the egg masses from 17 species in different families of marine molluscs.
p. 79-86
Received: 10 September 2000 / Accepted: 30 November 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (57 KB) Abstract: The effect of mechanical damage on the composition of the essential oil obtained from eugenol-rich Ocimum minimum leaves was determined over 48 hours. Changes in the levels of five oil-constituents were detected in the first post-wounding day but only one of those components (camphor) exhibited the same behaviour the day after. The levels of eugenol (-4.8%) and linalool (+2.5%) were affected the most by the wounding process. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the post-wounding response to be independent from the pre-wounding levels of the particular compounds expressing the response and from the overall leaf oil-composition.
p. 87-91
Received: 17 August 2000 / Accepted: 20 October 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (28 KB) Abstract: Research into the mode of action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree oil) is briefly reviewed. Its mode of action is interpreted in terms of the membrane-toxicity of its monoterpenoid components and different approaches for determining cell membrane damage are discussed.
p. 92-103
Received: 23 November 2000 / Accepted: 30 November 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (104 KB) Abstract: The technique of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied to various sample matrices under a range of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) densities and chamber temperatures. The purpose was to develop an effective extraction condition for the removal of eight target monoterpenes from Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) leaves. The optimum conditions for extraction were found to be 0.25 g/mL scCO2 density at a chamber temperature of 110o C. These condition were most effective when applied to whole fresh and rehydrated whole dried leaves , where it yielded maximum recovery of target analytes with minimum change in oil composition for the extractor system employed. This study demonstrates the importance of the type of sample matrix used in SFE work, and that a different extraction protocol would need to be developed for each matrix.
p. 104-116
Received: 30 August 2000 / Accepted: 1 October 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (100 KB) Abstract: A review of the literature is presented that gives a background to the human sense of smell, then the importance of learnt and innate olfactory cues in animal behaviour. Some possible roles for natural products chemists interested in the interaction between animals and plants are discussed.
p. 117-129
Received: 12 May 2000 / Accepted: 1 October 2000 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (68 KB) Abstract: Initial investigation of medicinal plants from Lombok has resulted in the collection of 100 plant species predicted to have antimicrobial, including antimalarial, properties according to local medicinal uses. These plants represent 49 families and 80 genera; 23% of the plants tested positively for alkaloids. Among the plants testing positive, five have been selected for further investigation involving structure elucidation and antimicrobial testing on the extracted alkaloids. Initial work on structural elucidation of some of the alkaloids is reported briefly.
p. 130-141
Received: 4 July 2000 / Accepted: 10 January 2001 / Published: 16 January 2001
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| Download PDF Full-text (203 KB) Abstract: By specifically targeting sponges likely to contain oroidin derivatives, we have, for the first time, identified Australian sponges that contain sceptrin (2) and related compounds. Using a simple extraction technique and HPLC (with a photodiode array detector) in combination with LC-MS and MS-MS we have been able to quickly identify known compounds and flag the presence of some new compounds in the extracts. Further work will entail isolation and structure elucidation of the new compounds and collection of fresh Agelas sp.1 with the aim of isolating the enzyme that catalyses the [2 + 2] dimerisation or oroidin to sceptrin
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