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Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental...
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Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental Quality

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 5571

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Florentina Zurita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental Quality Research Center, Centro Universitario de la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
Interests: phytoremediation of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals; constructed wetlands; water reuse; water quality; treatment of industrial effluents; surface water and groundwater monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Wastewater from different sources, if not treated, represents a risk to the quality of the environment. Soil, surface water and groundwater are the recipients of raw wastewater in many regions worldwide, mainly in developing countries. On the one hand, constructed wetlands are being studied as a low-cost alternative for the treatment of different types of wastewater and for the removal of nutrients, pathogens and emerging pollutants such as drugs, pesticides, microplastics, etc. In addition, the role of constructed wetlands in promoting biodiversity and protecting human health is also being investigated. On the other hand, in recent years, innovations have been reported in the design criteria of constructed wetlands in order to increase their efficiency or extend their use for the treatment of new industrial effluents. As a result, knowledge regarding the use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment is vast, and more information is being generated every day. For this reason, this Special Issue focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater from different sources to protect the environment from pollutants. 

We aim to publish papers on the following (not exhaustive) list of topics:  constructed wetlands for the removal of pathogens, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, microplastics, etc.; the on-site use of constructed wetlands; constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial effluents; the use of constructed wetlands in rural communities; constructed wetlands for water reuse; constructed wetlands treating agricultural runoff; constructed wetlands and ecosystems services.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in IJERPH.

Prof. Dr. Florentina Zurita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • municipal wastewater
  • emergent pollutants
  • pharmaceuticals
  • pesticides
  • microplastics
  • river pollution
  • rural areas
  • on-site treatment
  • industrial wastewater treatment
  • microbiological quality
  • water reuse
  • hybrid wetlands
  • effects on human beings
  • ecosystems services

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3058 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Constructed Wetlands Vegetated with Myriophyllum aquatic: The Effects of Influent C/N Ratio and Microbial Responses
by Biaoyi Wang, Hongfang Li, Xiaonan Du, Yixiang Cai, Jianwei Peng, Shunan Zhang and Feng Liu
Water 2024, 16(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020308 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
This study designed surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) with Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) to evaluate how different influent C/N ratios (0:1 (C0N), 5:1 (C5N), 10:1 (C10N), and 15:1 (C15N)) affect pollutant removal, greenhouse [...] Read more.
This study designed surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) with Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) to evaluate how different influent C/N ratios (0:1 (C0N), 5:1 (C5N), 10:1 (C10N), and 15:1 (C15N)) affect pollutant removal, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and microbial communities. The results showed that effluent ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations decreased, but effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration increased with increasing influent C/N ratios. The highest removal rates of TN (73.17%) and COD (74.56%) were observed with C5N. Regarding GHG emissions, a few changes in CO2 fluxes were caused by the influent C/N ratio, whereas CH4 fluxes obviously increased with the increasing influent C/N ratio. The highest N2O emission occurred with C0N (211.03 ± 44.38 mg-N·m−2·h−1), decreasing significantly with higher C/N ratios. High-throughput sequencing revealed that different influent C/N ratios directly influenced the microbial distribution and composition related to CH4 and N2O metabolism in SFCWs. The highest abundance (46.24%) of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) was observed with C5N, which helped to achieve efficient nitrogen removal with a simultaneous reduction in N2O emissions. Methanogen abundance rose with higher C/N ratios, whereas methanotrophs peaked under C5N and C10N conditions. Additionally, the random forest model identified influent C/N ratio and Rhodopseudomonas as primary factors influencing CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. This highlights the importance of the influent C/N ratio in regulating both pollutant removal and GHG emissions in constructed wetlands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental Quality)
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18 pages, 4041 KiB  
Article
A Mechanistic Model for Simulation of Carbendazim and Chlorothalonil Transport through a Two-Stage Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
by Stan Wehbe, Feleke Zewge, Yoshihiko Inagaki, Wolfram Sievert, Tirumala Uday Kumar Nutakki and Akshay Deshpande
Water 2024, 16(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010142 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 839
Abstract
A mechanistic model was developed to simulate one-dimensional pesticide transport in two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland. The two pesticides taken under study were carbendazim and chlorothalonil. The water flow patterns within the constructed wetland were simulated using the Richards equation. Water content and [...] Read more.
A mechanistic model was developed to simulate one-dimensional pesticide transport in two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland. The two pesticides taken under study were carbendazim and chlorothalonil. The water flow patterns within the constructed wetland were simulated using the Richards equation. Water content and vertical flux, which are the outputs of the substrate water flow model, were used to calculate the substrate moisture-related parameters and advection term in the solute transport model. The governing solute transport equation took into account a total of six processes: advection, molecular diffusion, dispersion, adsorption to the solid surface, degradation and volatilization. A total of 14 simulation cases, corresponding with available experimental data, were used to calibrate the model, followed by further simulations with standardized influent pesticide concentrations. The simulations indicated that the constructed wetland reached a steady state of pesticide removal after 7 days of operation. Two distinct water flow patterns emerged under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The patterns observed while varying the hydraulic loading rates were similar for each individual saturation condition. Two-factor ANOVA of the simulated data further revealed that the carbendazim and chlorothalonil removal was dependent on the hydraulic loading rates, but it was independent of the influent pesticide concentration. Analysis of the simulated pesticide removal showed that degradation emerged as the predominant removal process over time for both the pesticides. The model developed in this study can be an important tool for the design and construction of treatment wetlands for pesticide removal from wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental Quality)
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17 pages, 4987 KiB  
Article
Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment
by Nicolás Francisco Mateo-Díaz, Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo, Florentina Zurita, Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo, Graciela Nani, Eduardo Fernández-Echeverría, Gregorio Fernández-Lambert and Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz
Water 2023, 15(19), 3456; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193456 - 30 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1529
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSFWs) planted with Hippeastrum striatum and Heliconia lastisphata for the treatment of contaminated river waters by wastewater from the dairy industry (WDI) and domestic wastewater in tropical climates over [...] Read more.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSFWs) planted with Hippeastrum striatum and Heliconia lastisphata for the treatment of contaminated river waters by wastewater from the dairy industry (WDI) and domestic wastewater in tropical climates over a study period of 136 days. Cell with a real volume of 780,000 mL and a flow rate of 1.805 mL s−1. The hydraulic retention time was determined to be 5 days. 12 individuals of Hippeastrum striatum were planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other in one cell, while in another cell, 12 individuals of Heliconia spp. were planted. An adaptation period was determined for both species. Subsequently, the experiment was started, and the elimination percentages obtained were as follows: COD: 67.94 ± 1.39%, 63.17 ± 2.63%; TSS: 56.49 ± 5.73%, 48.78 ± 5.87%; N-NH4: 51.06 ± 2.16%, 50.80 ± 1.91%; TN: 44.36 ± 5.73%, 30.59 ± 5.87%; TP: 47.00 ± 5.32%, 35.57 ± 4.06%; DO: 50.23 ± 1.61%, 47.74 ± 1.34%; and pH: 6.81 ± 0.07, 6.52 ± 0.1, for Heliconia lastisphata and Hippeastrum striatum, respectively. These results demonstrate that both macrophyte species can be used for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using HSSFWs; cheese factories could be involved in the development of constructed wetland systems to reduce the environmental impact of the industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental Quality)
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19 pages, 7717 KiB  
Article
Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands Planted with Ornamental Species and PET as a Substitute for Filter Media for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: An Experience in a Mexican Rural Community
by Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo, José Luis Marín-Muñiz, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman, Florentina Zurita, Oscar Marín-Peña and Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo
Water 2023, 15(12), 2280; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122280 - 18 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
Alternative polymer-based filter media and ornamental plants in constructed wetlands (CWs) are a relatively unexplored field. These approaches have the potential to reduce construction costs and enhance the aesthetic appearance of CWs. This study evaluated for the first time the use of ornamental [...] Read more.
Alternative polymer-based filter media and ornamental plants in constructed wetlands (CWs) are a relatively unexplored field. These approaches have the potential to reduce construction costs and enhance the aesthetic appearance of CWs. This study evaluated for the first time the use of ornamental plants as monoculture and polyculture, as well as the incorporation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a filter medium in a large-scale community HC (divided into 12 cells) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Duplicate cells were planted with monocultures of Canna hybrids, Spathiphyllum blandum, Anturium spp., and Thypa spp., while two units had mixed cultures of these plants and two control units remained without vegetation. Systems with vegetation achieved average removal efficiencies of 86.95, 81.3, 64.6, 85.2, and 52% for COD, BOD5, TSS, TP, and TN, respectively. Meanwhile, in systems without vegetation, the removal efficiencies for these pollutants were 81.33, 72.86, 43.68, 3.93, and 30.70%, respectively, indicating significant differences between vegetated and non-vegetated systems (p < 0.05). The PET-based filter medium showed effective pollutant removal, with values comparable to or surpassing those reported in existing literature. All ornamental species exhibited good development with new offspring and flower production both in monoculture and in polyculture. The use of such a filter medium and ornamental vegetation could make CWs more attractive to rural communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment for the Improvement of Environmental Quality)
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