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Toxics
Special Issues
Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics
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Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 5067

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Demetrio Raldúa

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Guest Editor
Department Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: fish neurotoxicology; zebrafish model; fish developmental neurotoxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Virgínia Cruz Fernandes

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Guest Editor
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
Interests: analytical chemistry; chromatography; contaminants: pesticides; flame retardants, PCBs; environmental, food and human samples; monitoring and biomonitoring
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Dr. Gunnar Toft

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Guest Editor
1. Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
2. Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2-Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
Interests: epidemiology; biomarkers; reproductive toxicology
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Dr. Louis A. Tremblay

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Guest Editor
1. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Interests: biomarkers; bioindicators; mechanisms of toxicity; effects directed analysis (EDA); multiple stressors; emerging contaminants; hazard characterisation; community engagement; life cycle assessment; biomonitoring; one health
Dr. Natalia Garcia-Reyero

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Guest Editor
Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
Interests: toxicogenomics; predictive toxicology; zebrafish; adverse outcome pathways
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Prof. Dr. Yankai Xia

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Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Interests: environmental health; reproductive toxicology; emerging contaminants; exposome; metabolome; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue comprises selected papers from the First International Electronic Conference on Toxics, organized by the journal Toxics, from 20 to 22 March 2024 on the MDPI Sciforum platform. We welcome extended versions of the presented papers at this conference to be considered, after the peer-review process, for publication in this Special Issue.

Conference Link:  https://sciforum.net/event/IECTO2024

Dr. Demetrio Raldúa
Prof. Dr. Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
Dr. Gunnar Toft
Dr. Louis A. Tremblay
Dr. Natalia Garcia-Reyero
Prof. Dr. Yankai Xia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 2377 KiB  
Article
Genetic Damage and Multi-Elemental Exposure in Populations in Proximity to Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold (ASGM) Mining Areas in North Colombia
by Pedro Espitia-Pérez, Lyda Espitia-Pérez, Ana Peñata-Taborda, Hugo Brango, Karina Pastor-Sierra, Claudia Galeano-Páez, Gean Arteaga-Arroyo, Alicia Humanez-Alvarez, Ruber Rodríguez Díaz, Javier Salas Osorio, Luís Armando Valderrama and Tatiana Dillenburg Saint’Pierre
Toxics 2025, 13(3), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030202 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 908
Abstract
This study evaluates DNA damage and multi-element exposure in populations from La Mojana, a region of North Colombia heavily impacted by artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). DNA damage markers from the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, including micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBN), nuclear [...] Read more.
This study evaluates DNA damage and multi-element exposure in populations from La Mojana, a region of North Colombia heavily impacted by artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). DNA damage markers from the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, including micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBN), nuclear buds (NBUDs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), were assessed in 71 exposed individuals and 37 unexposed participants. Exposed individuals had significantly higher MNBN frequencies (PR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.57, p = 0.039). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the “Soil-Derived Mining-Associated Elements” (PC1), including V, Fe, Al, Co, Ba, Se and Mn, as being strongly associated with high MNBN frequencies in the exposed population (PR = 10.45, 95% CI: 9.75–12.18, p < 0.001). GAMLSS modeling revealed non-linear effects of PC1, with greater increases in MNBN at higher concentrations, especially in exposed individuals. These results highlight the dual role of essential and toxic elements, with low concentrations being potentially protective but higher concentrations increasing genotoxicity. Women consistently exhibited higher MNBN frequencies than men, suggesting sex-specific susceptibilities. This study highlights the compounded risks of chronic metal exposure in mining-impacted regions and underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate genotoxic risks in vulnerable populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics)
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18 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Volatiles as Potential Bionematicides with Safer Ecotoxicological Properties
by Tomás Cavaco and Jorge M. S. Faria
Toxics 2024, 12(6), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060406 - 3 Jun 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1473
Abstract
The management of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) still relies on traditional nematicides that threaten the environment and human health. Novel solutions are urgently needed for PPN pest management that are effective while safeguarding non-target organisms. Volatile phytochemicals belong to a structurally diverse group of [...] Read more.
The management of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) still relies on traditional nematicides that threaten the environment and human health. Novel solutions are urgently needed for PPN pest management that are effective while safeguarding non-target organisms. Volatile phytochemicals belong to a structurally diverse group of bioactive metabolites that are believed to hold safer environmental characteristics than synthetic pesticides. Nonetheless, not many studies have analysed the potential environmental benefits of shifting to these novel bionematicides. In the present study, 20 phytochemical volatiles with reported nematicidal activity were compared to traditional pesticides using specific parameters of environmental and human health safety available on applied online databases and predicted in silico through specialised software. Overall, the reviewed nematicidal phytochemicals were reportedly less toxic than synthetic nematicides. They were predicted to disperse to the air and soil environmental compartments and were reported to have a lower toxicity on aquatic organisms. On the contrary, the synthetic nematicides were reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms while showing a predicted high affinity to the water environmental compartment. As alternatives, β-keto or fatty acid derivatives, e.g., aliphatic alcohols or ketones, showed more adequate properties. This study highlights the importance of complementing studies on nematicidal activity with a risk assessment-based analysis to allow for a faster selection of nematicidal phytochemical volatiles and to leverage the development and implementation of bionematicides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics)
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22 pages, 1644 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Gradients of PAH Concentrations in Greek Cities and Associated Exposure Impacts
by Irini Tsiodra, Kalliopi Tavernaraki, Georgios Grivas, Constantine Parinos, Kyriaki Papoutsidaki, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Eleni Liakakou, Alexandra Gogou, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Evangelos Gerasopoulos, Maria Kanakidou and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Toxics 2024, 12(4), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040293 - 16 Apr 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
To study the spatiotemporal variability of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and assess their carcinogenic potential in six contrasting urban environments in Greece, a total of 305 filter samples were collected and analyzed. Sampling sites included a variety of urban background, traffic (Athens, [...] Read more.
To study the spatiotemporal variability of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and assess their carcinogenic potential in six contrasting urban environments in Greece, a total of 305 filter samples were collected and analyzed. Sampling sites included a variety of urban background, traffic (Athens, Ioannina and Heraklion), rural (Xanthi) and near-port locations (Piraeus and Volos). When considering the sum of 16 U.S. EPA priority PAHs, as well as that of the six EU-proposed members, average concentrations observed across locations during summer varied moderately (0.4–2.2 ng m−3) and independently of the population of each site, with the highest values observed in the areas of Piraeus and Volos that are affected by port and industrial activities. Winter levels were significantly higher and more spatially variable compared to summer, with the seasonal enhancement ranging from 7 times in Piraeus to 98 times in Ioannina, indicating the large impact of PAH emissions from residential wood burning. Regarding benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and the only EU-regulated PAH, the winter/summer ratios were 24–33 in Athens, Volos, Heraklion and Xanthi; 60 in Piraeus; and 480 in Ioannina, which is afflicted by severe wood-burning pollution events. An excellent correlation was observed between organic carbon (OC) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) during the cold period at all urban sites (r2 > 0.8) with stable BaP/OC slopes (0.09–0.14 × 10−3), highlighting the potential use of OC as a proxy for the estimation of BaP in winter conditions. The identified spatiotemporal contrasts, which were explored for the first time for PAHs at such a scale in the Eastern Mediterranean, provide important insights into sources and controlling atmospheric conditions and reveal large deviations in exposure risks among cities that raise the issue of environmental injustice on a national level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics)
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