Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Selective Extraction Materials for Sample Preparation

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials in Separation Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 13448

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Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: Sample preparation; molecular imprinting; chromatographic techniques; environmental and food analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become popular in analytical laboratories thanks to their inherent selectivity allowing the extraction of target analytes free of co-extractives. MIPs have largely been used as sorbents in conventional solid-phase extraction, but recent years have seen MIPs’ incorporation to other sample preparation techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction or liquid-phase microextraction, among others.

I would like to invite colleagues to contribute with original research articles and reviews to the present Special Issue on the latest trends on the synthesis and further use of MIPs as selective extraction materials in sample preparation.

This Special Issue is supported by the Sample Preparation Task Force and Network, of the European Chemical Society-Division of Analytical Chemistry (https://www.sampleprep.tuc.gr/en/home/).

Dr. Antonio Martin-Esteban
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Molecular imprinting
  • Selective extractions
  • Sample preparation
  • (Micro) solid-phase extraction
  • Solid-phase microextraction
  • Stir-bar sorptive extraction
  • Liquid-phase microextraction
  • Environmental analysis
  • Bio-analysis
  • Food analysis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 215 KiB  
Editorial
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Selective Extraction Materials for Sample Preparation
by Antonio Martín-Esteban
Separations 2022, 9(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9050133 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1354
Abstract
Highly developed analytical instrumentation (i [...] Full article

Research

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13 pages, 1795 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Selective Extraction of Chlordecone from Bovine Serum
by Pauline Bosman, Audrey Combès, Marine Lambert, Gwenaëlle Lavison-Bompard and Valérie Pichon
Separations 2021, 8(12), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8120237 - 04 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
The widespread use of chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide, until the 1990s to protect banana crops in the French West Indies led to significant pollution of water and soil and, subsequently, of bovine intended for human consumption. Carcasses are submitted to official controls [...] Read more.
The widespread use of chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide, until the 1990s to protect banana crops in the French West Indies led to significant pollution of water and soil and, subsequently, of bovine intended for human consumption. Carcasses are submitted to official controls based on perirenal fat CLD determination. In order to allow for pre-slaughter controls, a selective analytical method based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) associated to the LC/MS-MS method was developed to determine the level of CLD in bovine serum that can be collected before slaughter. Different synthesis conditions were therefore assayed by varying the nature of the monomer and of the porogen, and the most promising MIP in terms of selective retention for CLD (extraction recovery close to 100%) was completely characterized by solid-phase extraction (repeatability of the extraction procedure, of the synthesis, and of the cartridge filling) in pure medium. The capacity of the MIP was determined at 0.13 µmol g−1 of MIP. After application of a spiked bovine serum sample on the MIP, the selective retention was maintained (87 and 21%, respectively, on the MIP and on the corresponding non-imprinted polymer). Moreover, extraction on the MIP led to a cleaner extract compared to those issued from a conventional C18 sorbent. Full article
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12 pages, 2529 KiB  
Article
NanoMIP-Based Solid Phase Extraction of Fluoroquinolones from Human Urine: A Proof-of-Concept Study
by Matteo Chiarello, Laura Anfossi, Simone Cavalera, Fabio Di Nardo, Thea Serra and Claudio Baggiani
Separations 2021, 8(11), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8110226 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2440
Abstract
NanoMIPs that are prepared by solid phase synthesis have proven to be very versatile, but to date only limited attention has been paid to their use in solid phase extraction. Thus, since nanoMIPs show close similarities, in terms of binding behavior, to antibodies, [...] Read more.
NanoMIPs that are prepared by solid phase synthesis have proven to be very versatile, but to date only limited attention has been paid to their use in solid phase extraction. Thus, since nanoMIPs show close similarities, in terms of binding behavior, to antibodies, it seems relevant to verify if it is possible to use them as mimics of the natural antibodies that are used in immunoextraction methods. As a proof-of-concept, we considered prepared nanoMIPs against fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin. Several nanoMIPs were prepared in water with polymerization mixtures of different compositions. The polymer with the highest affinity towards ciprofloxacin was then grafted onto a solid support and used to set up a solid phase extraction–HPLC method with fluorescence detection, for the determination of fluoroquinolones in human urine. The method resulted in successful selection for the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such that the nanoMIPs were suitable for direct extraction of the antibiotics from the urine samples at the µg mL−1 level. They required no preliminary treatment, except for a 1 + 9 (v/v) dilution with a buffer of pH 4.5 and they had good analyte recovery rates; up to 85% with precision in the range of 3 to 4.5%, without interference from the matrix. These experimental results demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of the use of nanoMIPs to develop solid phase extraction methods. Full article
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19 pages, 7987 KiB  
Article
Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Solid Phase Extraction of Acetaminophen from Water Samples Prior to HPLC-DAD Determination
by Neliswa Mpayipheli, Anele Mpupa and Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
Separations 2021, 8(10), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100194 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2003
Abstract
In the present study, acetaminophen (ACT) molecularly imprinted polymer (ACT-MIP) were successfully synthesized via surface imprinting polymerization. The structural and morphological properties of ACT-MIP were characterized using various analytical techniques. ACT-MIP were used as an adsorbent in a vortex-assisted dispersive molecularly imprinted solid-phase [...] Read more.
In the present study, acetaminophen (ACT) molecularly imprinted polymer (ACT-MIP) were successfully synthesized via surface imprinting polymerization. The structural and morphological properties of ACT-MIP were characterized using various analytical techniques. ACT-MIP were used as an adsorbent in a vortex-assisted dispersive molecularly imprinted solid-phase micro-extraction (VA-d-μ-MISPE), coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of ACT in water samples. Influential parameters such as the mass of adsorbent, vortex speed, extraction time, desorption volume, and desorption time were optimized using a multivariate approach. Under optimum conditions, the maximum binding capacities of ACT-MIP and NIP (non-imprinted polymers) were 191 mg/g and 71.5 mg/g, respectively. The linearity was attained across concentrations ranging from 0.630 to 500 µg/L, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9959. For ACT-MIP, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), enhancement factor, and precision of the method were 0.19 ng/L, 0.63 ng/L, 79, and <5%, respectively. The method was applied in the analysis of spiked water samples, and satisfactory percentage recoveries in the range of 95.3–99.8% were obtained. Full article
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Review

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32 pages, 3550 KiB  
Review
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive (Micro)Solid Phase Extraction: A Review
by G. D. Thilini Madurangika Jayasinghe and Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
Separations 2021, 8(7), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8070099 - 06 Jul 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4622
Abstract
The review describes the development of batch solid phase extraction procedures based on dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and magnetic MIPs (MMIPs). Advantages and disadvantages of the various MIPs for dispersive solid phase extraction and dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction [...] Read more.
The review describes the development of batch solid phase extraction procedures based on dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and magnetic MIPs (MMIPs). Advantages and disadvantages of the various MIPs for dispersive solid phase extraction and dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction are discussed. In addition, an effort has also been made to condense the information regarding MMIPs since there are a great variety of supports (magnetite and magnetite composites with carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, or organic metal framework) and magnetite surface functionalization mechanisms for enhancing MIP synthesis, including reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Finally, drawbacks and future prospects for improving molecularly imprinted (micro)solid phase extraction (MIMSPE) are also appraised. Full article
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