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Special Issue "Micro-Optical Sensors"

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2015)

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Special Issue Editor

Guest Editor

Dr. Tindaro Ioppolo

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750337, Dallas, TX 75275-0337, USA
Website | E-Mail
Interests: sensors; actuators; laser based diagnostics for fluid dynamics; fluid structure interaction; drag reduction and wind energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scope of this special issue is to bring together review articles and papers of original works in the field of micro-optical resonator based sensors. Research of particular interest includes, but is not limited to, sensors for biological and chemical sensing, mechanical sensing, as well as sensors for defense and homeland security.

I look forward to receiving your contribution.

Dr. Tindaro Ioppolo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

whispering gallery mode
morphology dependent resonances
dielectric micro-resonators
optical cavities
micro-photonic sensors
optical materials
optical fiber
WGM lasers

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle Multi-Wavelength Based Optical Density Sensor for Autonomous Monitoring of Microalgae

by Fei Jia, Murat Kacira and Kimberly L. Ogden

Sensors 2015, 15(9), 22234-22248; doi:10.3390/s150922234

Received: 9 July 2015 / Revised: 12 August 2015 / Accepted: 25 August 2015 / Published: 2 September 2015

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A multi-wavelength based optical density sensor unit was designed, developed, and evaluated to monitor microalgae growth in real time. The system consisted of five main components including: (1) laser diode modules as light sources; (2) photodiodes as detectors; (3) driver circuit; (4) flow cell; and (5) sensor housing temperature controller. The sensor unit was designed to be integrated into any microalgae culture system for both real time and non-real time optical density measurements and algae growth monitoring applications. It was shown that the sensor unit was capable of monitoring the dynamics and physiological changes of the microalgae culture in real-time. Algae biomass concentration was accurately estimated with optical density measurements at 650, 685 and 780 nm wavelengths used by the sensor unit. The sensor unit was able to monitor cell concentration as high as 1.05 g·L⁻¹ (1.51 × 10⁸ cells·mL⁻¹) during the culture growth without any sample preparation for the measurements. Since high cell concentrations do not need to be diluted using the sensor unit, the system has the potential to be used in industrial microalgae cultivation systems for real time monitoring and control applications that can lead to improved resource use efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

Open AccessArticle Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Biochemical Sensor Based on Silicon-on-Insulator Rib Waveguide with Large Cross Section

by Dengpeng Yuan, Ying Dong, Yujin Liu and Tianjian Li

Sensors 2015, 15(9), 21500-21517; doi:10.3390/s150921500

Received: 18 June 2015 / Revised: 17 August 2015 / Accepted: 25 August 2015 / Published: 28 August 2015

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A high-sensitivity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) biochemical sensing platform based on Silicon-in-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide with large cross section is proposed in this paper. Based on the analyses of the evanescent field intensity, the mode polarization and cross section dimensions of the SOI rib waveguide are optimized through finite difference method (FDM) simulation. To realize high-resolution MZI read-out configuration based on the SOI rib waveguide, medium-filled trenches are employed and their performances are simulated through two-dimensional finite-difference-time domain (2D-FDTD) method. With the fundamental EH-polarized mode of the SOI rib waveguide with a total rib height of 10 μm, an outside rib height of 5 μm and a rib width of 2.5 μm at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm, when the length of the sensitive window in the MZI configuration is 10 mm, a homogeneous sensitivity of 7296.6%/refractive index unit (RIU) is obtained. Supposing the resolutions of the photoelectric detectors connected to the output ports are 0.2%, the MZI sensor can achieve a detection limit of 2.74 × 10⁻⁶ RIU. Due to high coupling efficiency of SOI rib waveguide with large cross section with standard single-mode glass optical fiber, the proposed MZI sensing platform can be conveniently integrated with optical fiber communication systems and (opto-) electronic systems, and therefore has the potential to realize remote sensing, in situ real-time detecting, and possible applications in the internet of things. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

Open AccessArticle Optimization and Application of Reflective LSPR Optical Fiber Biosensors Based on Silver Nanoparticles

by Jiangping Chen, Se Shi, Rongxin Su, Wei Qi, Renliang Huang, Mengfan Wang, Libing Wang and Zhimin He

Sensors 2015, 15(6), 12205-12217; doi:10.3390/s150612205

Received: 16 April 2015 / Revised: 11 May 2015 / Accepted: 18 May 2015 / Published: 26 May 2015

Cited by 6 | PDF Full-text (1231 KB) | HTML Full-text | XML Full-text | Supplementary Files

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In this study, we developed a reflective localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) optical fiber sensor, based on silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). To enhance the sensitivity of the LSPR optical sensor, two key parameters were optimized, the length of the sensing area and the coating time of the Ag NPs. A sensing length of 1.5 cm and a 1-h coating time proved to be suitable conditions to produce highly sensitive sensors for biosensing. The optimized sensor has a high refractive index sensitivity of 387 nm/RIU, which is much higher than that of other reported individual silver nanoparticles in solutions. Moreover, the sensor was further modified with antigen to act as a biosensor. Distinctive wavelength shifts were found after each surface modification step. In addition, the reflective LSPR optical fiber sensor has high reproducibility and stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

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Open AccessArticle Dynamic Response of Tapered Optical Multimode Fiber Coated with Carbon Nanotubes for Ethanol Sensing Application

by Arafat Shabaneh, Saad Girei, Punitha Arasu, Mohd Mahdi, Suraya Rashid, Suriati Paiman and Mohd Yaacob

Sensors 2015, 15(5), 10452-10464; doi:10.3390/s150510452

Received: 19 November 2014 / Revised: 9 January 2015 / Accepted: 26 January 2015 / Published: 4 May 2015

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Ethanol is a highly combustible chemical universally designed for biomedical applications. In this paper, optical sensing performance of tapered multimode fiber tip coated with carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film towards aqueous ethanol with different concentrations is investigated. The tapered optical multimode fiber tip is coated with CNT using drop-casting technique and is annealed at 70 °C to enhance the binding of the nanomaterial to the silica fiber tip. The optical fiber tip and the CNT sensing layer are micro-characterized using FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques. When the developed sensor was exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (5% to 80%), the sensor reflectance reduced proportionally. The developed sensors showed high sensitivity, repeatability and fast responses (<55 s) towards ethanol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

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Open AccessArticle Laser-Machined Microcavities for Simultaneous Measurement of High-Temperature and High-Pressure

by Zengling Ran, Shan Liu, Qin Liu, Ya Huang, Haihong Bao, Yanjun Wang, Shucheng Luo, Huiqin Yang and Yunjiang Rao

Sensors 2014, 14(8), 14330-14338; doi:10.3390/s140814330

Received: 10 March 2014 / Revised: 24 May 2014 / Accepted: 22 July 2014 / Published: 7 August 2014

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Laser-machined microcavities for simultaneous measurement of high-temperature and high-pressure are demonstrated. These two cascaded microcavities are an air cavity and a composite cavity including a section of fiber and an air cavity. They are both placed into a pressure chamber inside a furnace to perform simultaneous pressure and high-temperature tests. The thermal and pressure coefficients of the short air cavity are ~0.0779 nm/°C and ~1.14 nm/MPa, respectively. The thermal and pressure coefficients of the composite cavity are ~32.3 nm/°C and ~24.4 nm/MPa, respectively. The sensor could be used to separate temperature and pressure due to their different thermal and pressure coefficients. The excellent feature of such a sensor head is that it can withstand high temperatures of up to 400 °C and achieve precise measurement of high-pressure under high temperature conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

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Open AccessTechnical Note Rapid Elemental Analysis and Provenance Study of Blumea balsamifera DC Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

by Xiaona Liu, Qiao Zhang, Zhisheng Wu, Xinyuan Shi, Na Zhao and Yanjiang Qiao

Sensors 2015, 15(1), 642-655; doi:10.3390/s150100642

Received: 14 September 2014 / Accepted: 10 December 2014 / Published: 31 December 2014

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to perform a rapid elemental analysis and provenance study of Blumea balsamifera DC. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were implemented to exploit the multivariate nature of the LIBS data. Scores and loadings of computed principal components visually illustrated the differing spectral data. The PLS-DA algorithm showed good classification performance. The PLS-DA model using complete spectra as input variables had similar discrimination performance to using selected spectral lines as input variables. The down-selection of spectral lines was specifically focused on the major elements of B. balsamifera samples. Results indicated that LIBS could be used to rapidly analyze elements and to perform provenance study of B. balsamifera. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Optical Sensors)

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