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Time-Lapse Geophysical and Remote Sensing-Based Imaging and Diagnosis on Urban and Natural Hazards

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 5469

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wallace W.L. Lai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: survey and mapping; 3D imaging diagnosis of engineering structures; underground utilities; construction materials; hydro-geophysics and site of archaeology values; ground penetrating radar; infrared thermography; acoustic; ultrasound; electrical resistivity; acoustic leak noise correlation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaolin Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: remote sensing; spatial data analysis; data fusion; vegetation phenology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xuehong Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: geophysical image processing; image classification; land cover; soil; remote sensing; vegetation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Geophysical and remote sensing imagery are traditionally two distinctive scientific disciplines. In this Special Issue, they are connected to jointly image, classify and diagnose urban and natural hidden hazards in different parts of the world. A few examples of the urban and natural hazards are underground sink holes/pipe leaks in cities, natural landslides and changes in the ground water table. In many cases, geophysical technologies image the subsurface hidden and deep hazards with lower resolution while the remote sensing technologies image the signs of those hazards on the surface with high resolution. These hazards only become worse with time, thus making time-lapse, large-scale and geo-referenced imaging the most viable means for full-scale imaging, classification and diagnosis.

This Special Issue aims to promote time-lapse remote sensing imagery and geophysical images for the imaging, classification and diagnosis of urban and natural hidden hazards. It encourages the scientific community to ‘go back’ to repeat the geophysical survey in the areas of interest and making correlation to the remote sensing imagery, which is already time-lapse in nature. We welcome high-quality publications emphasizing the joint use of time-lapse geophysical and remote sensing imagery.

Theme: Time-lapse geophysics and remote sensing

Types of submission: Research articles

Dr. Wallace W.L. Lai
Dr. Xiaolin Zhu
Dr. Xuehong Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • time-lapse geophysics
  • remote sensing
  • image registration
  • image processing and classification
  • hazard diagnosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 14878 KiB  
Article
A Feasibility Study of Thermal Infrared Imaging for Monitoring Natural Terrain—A Case Study in Hong Kong
by Lydia Sin-Yau Chiu, Wallace Wai-Lok Lai, Sónia Santos-Assunção, Sahib Singh Sandhu, Janet Fung-Chu Sham, Nelson Fat-Sang Chan, Jeffrey Chun-Fai Wong and Wai-Kin Leung
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(24), 5787; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245787 - 18 Dec 2023
Viewed by 934
Abstract
The use of infrared thermography (IRT) technique combining other remoting sensing techniques such as photogrammetry and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms to perform geotechnical studies has been attempted by several previous researchers and encouraging results were obtained. However, studies using time-lapse IRT survey [...] Read more.
The use of infrared thermography (IRT) technique combining other remoting sensing techniques such as photogrammetry and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms to perform geotechnical studies has been attempted by several previous researchers and encouraging results were obtained. However, studies using time-lapse IRT survey via a UAV equipped with a thermal camera are limited. Given the unique setting of Hong Kong, which has a high population living in largely hilly terrain with little natural flat land, steep man-made slopes and natural hillsides have caused significant geotechnical problems which pose hazards to life and facilities. This paper presents the adoption of a time-lapse IRT survey using a UAV in such challenging geotechnical conditions. Snapshot and time-lapse IRT studies of a selected site in Hong Kong, where landslides had occurred were carried out, and visual inspection, photogrammetry, and IRT techniques were also conducted. 3D terrain models of the selected sites were created by using data collected from the photogrammetry and single (snapshot) and continuous monitoring (time-lapse) infrared imaging methods applied in this study. The results have successfully identified various thermal infrared signatures attributed to the existence of moisture patches, seepage, cracks/discontinuities, vegetation, and man-made structures. Open cracks/discontinuities, moisture, vegetation, and rock surfaces with staining can be identified in snapshot thermal image, while the gradient of temperature decay plotted in ln(T) vs. ln(t) enables quantifiable identifications of the above materials via time-lapse thermography and analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time-Lapse Geophysical and Remote Sensing-Based Imaging and Diagnosis on Urban and Natural Hazards)
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22 pages, 36427 KiB  
Article
Intensity Normalisation of GPR C-Scans
by Tess X. H. Luo, Wallace W. L. Lai and Zhanzhan Lei
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(5), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051309 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely applied in subsurface surveys and imaging, and the quality of the resulting C-scan images is determined by the spatial resolution and visualisation contrast. Previous studies have standardised the suitable spatial resolution of GPR C-scans; [...] Read more.
The three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely applied in subsurface surveys and imaging, and the quality of the resulting C-scan images is determined by the spatial resolution and visualisation contrast. Previous studies have standardised the suitable spatial resolution of GPR C-scans; however, their measurement normalisation remains arbitrary. Human bias is inevitable in C-scan interpretation because different visualisation algorithms lead to different interpretation results. Therefore, an objective scheme for mapping GPR signals after standard processing to the visualisation contrast should be established. Focusing on two typical scenarios, a reinforced concrete structure and an urban underground, this study illustrated that the essential parameters were greyscale thresholding and transformation mapping. By quantifying the normalisation performance with the integration of image segmentation and structural similarity index measure, a greyscale threshold was developed in which the normalised standard deviation of the unit intensity of any surveyed object was two. A transformation function named “bipolar” was also shown to balance the maintenance of real reflections at the target objects. By providing academia/industry with an object-based approach, this study contributes to solving the final unresolved issue of 3D GPR imaging (i.e., image contrast) to better eliminate the interfering noise and better mitigate human bias for any one-off/touch-based imaging and temporal change detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time-Lapse Geophysical and Remote Sensing-Based Imaging and Diagnosis on Urban and Natural Hazards)
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23 pages, 27218 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Local Site Effects in the Međimurje Region (North Croatia) and Its Consequences Related to Historical and Recent Earthquakes
by Davor Stanko, Ivica Sović, Nikola Belić and Snježana Markušić
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(19), 4831; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194831 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
The Međimurje region (North Croatia), situated between the Drava and Mura rivers with a slightly elevated hilly area, can be generally characterized as a low-seismicity area. However, macroseismic observations from historical and recent earthquakes indicate that some localities in this region are more [...] Read more.
The Međimurje region (North Croatia), situated between the Drava and Mura rivers with a slightly elevated hilly area, can be generally characterized as a low-seismicity area. However, macroseismic observations from historical and recent earthquakes indicate that some localities in this region are more prone to damage than others. Significant damage and the observed higher intensities in the Međimurje region after the historical earthquakes of 1738 MLm5.1 (Međimurje) and 1880 ML6.3 (Zagreb), and events that occurred in the instrumental era, 1938 ML5.6 (Koprivnica), 1982 ML4.5 (Ivanec), and the most recent 2020 ML5.5 Zagreb and 2020 ML6.2 Petrinja earthquakes, point to the influence of local site effects. There is a reasonable indication that these earthquakes involved several localized site effects that could explain the increased intensity of half a degree or even up to one degree at certain localities compared to macroseismic modeling for rock condition. To better understand the influence of local site effects in the Međimurje region, the single-station microtremor Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method for subsurface characterization was used. Based on individual measurements, microzonation maps were derived for the Međimurje region to better understand the behavior of ground motion and the influence of local site conditions in comparison to macroseismic intensities and past damage observations. Several local site effects could be interpreted as a main contribution to site amplification and resonance effects due to variations in deep soft-deposit thicknesses overlayed on hard deposits and directional variations in topographical areas that could localize earthquake damage patterns. Correlations of microtremor analysis with intensity observations from historical earthquakes as well with recent earthquakes could help to distinguish local site zones prone to the possible occurrence of higher earthquake damage from nearby and distant earthquakes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time-Lapse Geophysical and Remote Sensing-Based Imaging and Diagnosis on Urban and Natural Hazards)
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