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Metals
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Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
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Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2024) | Viewed by 3461

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shili Shu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Renmin Street NO. 5988, Changchun 130025, China
Interests: laser additive manufacturing; metal additive manufacturing; metal matrix composite; TiAl
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Selective laser melting is one of the most important methods in the metal additive manufacturing field. Currently, many alloys, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, steel and magnesium alloy, can be prepared via selective laser melting technology. In addition, researchers are also very concerned about the microstructure and properties of these alloys prepared via selective laser melting, as they are related to the application prospects of these manufactured alloys.

Thus, publications about the manufacture, microstructure characterization and property analysis of these alloys (e.g., titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, steel and magnesium alloy) manufactured by selective laser melting are encouraged to be submitted for publishing in this Special Issue. Furthermore, the structure design, microstructure configuration and strengthening mechanism analysis of the alloys manufactured by selective laser melting will also be fully considered. It is expected that this Special Issue will offer some guidance on the manufacture, investigation and application of the alloys fabricated using selective laser melting.   

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit manuscripts to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Shili Shu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • selective laser melting
  • metal additive manufacturing
  • alloys
  • microstructure characterization
  • property analysis
  • structure design, microstructure configuration
  • strengthening mechanism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5781 KiB  
Article
Effect of Aging Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical, and Wear Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Powder Bed Fusion
by Nawon Kwak, Yujin Lim, Seokha Heo, Chami Jeon and Ilguk Jo
Metals 2024, 14(4), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14040375 - 23 Mar 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Additive manufacturing technologies for metallic materials based on powder bed fusion have enormous industrial potential. In this study, we manufactured 18Ni-300 maraging steel using the powder bed fusion (PBF) process and investigated the effects of annealing temperatures of 430 °C, 490 °C, and [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing technologies for metallic materials based on powder bed fusion have enormous industrial potential. In this study, we manufactured 18Ni-300 maraging steel using the powder bed fusion (PBF) process and investigated the effects of annealing temperatures of 430 °C, 490 °C, and 550 °C for 3 h on its microstructure, tensile fracture mechanism, and wear properties compared with the as-built specimen. The results show that annealing heat treatment effectively improved the dry sliding friction, wear properties, and room temperature tensile properties compared to the as-built specimen. Compared to other aging-treated samples, specimens that underwent heat treatment in optimal settings had superior properties. With optimal heat treatment, while melt pool boundaries remained, the cellular and columnar structures became finer compared to the un-treated specimens, and the number of dimples decreased. Consequently, the hardness and tensile strength improved by approximately 56.17% and 40.63%, respectively. The 18Ni-300 maraging steel sample that underwent heat treatment at optimal settings exhibited a coefficient of friction approximately 33.33% lower than the as-built alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting)
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18 pages, 8985 KiB  
Article
The Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of a Soft Magnetic Fe-12Al Alloy Additively Manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)
by Torsten Kunert, Thomas Kresse, Frederik Fohr, Niklas Volbers, Gerhard Schneider and Dagmar Goll
Metals 2024, 14(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010117 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 933
Abstract
Soft magnetic Fe-Al alloys have been a subject of research in the past. However, they never saw the same reception in technical applications as the Fe-Si or Fe-Ni alloys, which is, to some extent, due to a low ductility level and difficulties in [...] Read more.
Soft magnetic Fe-Al alloys have been a subject of research in the past. However, they never saw the same reception in technical applications as the Fe-Si or Fe-Ni alloys, which is, to some extent, due to a low ductility level and difficulties in manufacturing. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology could be a way to avoid issues in conventional manufacturing and produce soft magnetic components from these alloys, as has already been shown with similarly brittle Fe-Si alloys. While AM has already been applied to certain Fe-Al alloys, no magnetic properties of AM Fe-Al alloys have been reported in the literature so far. Therefore, in this work, a Fe-12Al alloy was additively manufactured through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and characterized regarding its microstructure and magnetic properties. A comparison was made with the materials produced by casting and rolling, prepared from melts with an identical chemical composition. In order to improve the magnetic properties, a heat treatment at a higher temperature (1300 °C) than typically applied for conventionally manufactured materials (850–1150 °C) is proposed for the AM material. The specially heat-treated AM material reached values (HC: 11.3 A/m; µmax: 13.1 × 103) that were close to the heat-treated cast material (HC: 12.4 A/m; µmax: 20.3 × 103). While the DC magnetic values of hot- and cold-rolled materials (HC: 3.2 to 4.1 A/m; µmax: 36.6 to 40.4 × 103) were not met, the AM material actually showed fewer losses than the rolled material under AC conditions. One explanation for this effect can be domain refinement effects. This study shows that it is possible to additively manufacture Fe-Al alloys with good soft magnetic behavior. With optimized manufacturing and post-processing, further improvements of the magnetic properties of AM L-PBF Fe-12Al may still be possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting)
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17 pages, 51942 KiB  
Article
18Ni300 Maraging Steel Lattice Structures Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion—Mechanical Behavior and Gas Permeability
by D. F. Oliveira, J. S. Vieira, I. Duarte, G. Vincze, J. M. Oliveira and G. Miranda
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1982; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121982 - 06 Dec 2023
Viewed by 836
Abstract
Maraging steels have attracted the attention of the injection molding industry, mainly due to their mechanical properties. However, the use of these steels for complex inserts is still a challenge, given the limitations of conventional subtractive technologies. In this context, additive manufacturing technologies, [...] Read more.
Maraging steels have attracted the attention of the injection molding industry, mainly due to their mechanical properties. However, the use of these steels for complex inserts is still a challenge, given the limitations of conventional subtractive technologies. In this context, additive manufacturing technologies, especially Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), arise as a solution for the manufacture of maraging steel parts with innovative designs. In this study, 18Ni300 maraging steel lattice structures with different architectures were designed and manufactured via Selective Laser Melting (SLM), targeting mold vents for gas escape during injection molding. Three types of structures, simple cubic (SC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and gyroid (G), with different dimensions were produced, and their mechanical performance under compression (prior and after aging treatment) and gas permeability were investigated. The produced structures displayed a first maximum compressive strength from 54.3 to 251.5 MPa and an absorbed energy (up to 0.5 strain) between 34.8 and 300.6 MJ/m3. After aging, these properties increased, with the first maximum compressive strength ranging from 93.0 to 453.3 MPa and the absorbed energy ranging from 34.8 to 300.6 MJ/m3. The SC structures’ permeability was found to be between 4.9 × 10−11 and 2.0 × 10−10 m2, while for the BCC structures, it was between 2.2 × 10−11 and 1.2 × 10−10 m2. The gyroid structures’ permeability ranged from 6.7 × 10−11 to 1.6 × 10−10 m2. This study shows that a tailored permeability can be attained through the design of AM lattice structures, via different architectures, that assure distinct mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting)
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10 pages, 3046 KiB  
Article
Martensite Decomposition and Ultrafine Grain Formation during Small Punch Creep Testing of Additively Manufactured Ti64
by Mathieu Lalé, Benaissa Malek and Bernard Viguier
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101657 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 703
Abstract
The creep behaviour of as-built additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied through small punch creep test (SPCT) experiments at 450 and 500 °C. The couple stress/minimum strain rate deduced from these tests made it possible to draw a Norton plot showing good agreement with [...] Read more.
The creep behaviour of as-built additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied through small punch creep test (SPCT) experiments at 450 and 500 °C. The couple stress/minimum strain rate deduced from these tests made it possible to draw a Norton plot showing good agreement with tensile test creep results. The microstructure characterisation within the SPCT specimen evidenced the effect of local strain on microstructure evolution. After interrupted creep at 450 °C, in most deformed areas, the as-built martensite structure was fully decomposed to the α + β equilibrium phases, giving rise to a submicron equiaxed grain structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Properties of Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting)
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