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Metals
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Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials
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Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 3408

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xinfeng Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sun Yat-sen University
Interests: Hydrogen embrittlement; Mechanical properties; Fracture; Microstructure; Metals and alloys.
Prof. Dr. Yanfei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: hydrogen embrittlement; mechanical behaviour; surface strengthening; corrosion; finite element analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exposing alloys (multi-principal element alloys, steels, aluminum alloys, superalloys, zirconium alloy, magnesium alloys, etc.) to nuclear energy, hydrogen energy, and petrochemical fields may induce hydrogen embrittlement (HE) as one of the typical failure mechanisms. HE often occurs prematurely, accompanied by brittle fracture at low stress levels. This leads to huge economic losses and even catastrophe. Therefore, HE must be considered to ensure the reliability, structural integrity, and remaining life of components. Hydrogen dissolved into metals as a result of internal hydrogen and external hydrogen can affect their mechanical properties, principally through the interactions between hydrogen and materials defects. In this process, multiple phenomena are involved: hydrogen dissolution, hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen redistribution, as well as hydrogen interacting with vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries, or other phase interfaces. This Special Issue mainly aims to bring together researchers in the field of hydrogen embrittlement to compile the current state of the art, the latest achievements, and future research frameworks in understanding of hydrogen embrittlement phenomena and mechanisms for various alloys. Additionally, it also aims to present scientific and technological approaches in suppressing hydrogen embrittlement or enhancing hydrogen embrittlement resistance of a specific metallic material. The topics to be considered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following: Kinetics of hydrogen ingress, diffusion and trapping; Hydrogen embrittlement assessment methods; Mechanical property behavior of various hydrogenated alloys; Fundamental HE mechanisms; Prediction of hydrogen-assisted cracking lifetime; Prevention of hydrogen embrittlement

Prof. Dr. Xinfeng Li
Prof. Dr. Yanfei Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • hydrogen diffusion
  • hydrogen-induced cracking
  • hydrogen blister
  • mechanical property
  • microstructure

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 9431 KiB  
Communication
Hydrogen-Induced Microstructure Changes in Zr/Nb Nanoscale Multilayer Structures
by Roman Laptev, Ekaterina Stepanova, Anton Lomygin, Dmitriy Krotkevich, Alexey Sidorin and Oleg Orlov
Metals 2024, 14(4), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14040452 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 556
Abstract
Zr/Nb nanoscale multilayer coatings (NMCs) were studied after hydrogenation in a gaseous environment at 400 °C. The hydrogen distribution and content were determined by pressure and hydrogenation time. Increasing the pressure from 0.2 to 2 MPa resulted in different hydrogen distribution within the [...] Read more.
Zr/Nb nanoscale multilayer coatings (NMCs) were studied after hydrogenation in a gaseous environment at 400 °C. The hydrogen distribution and content were determined by pressure and hydrogenation time. Increasing the pressure from 0.2 to 2 MPa resulted in different hydrogen distribution within the Zr/Nb NMCs, while the concentration remained constant at 0.0150 ± 0.0015 wt. %. The hydrogen concentration increased from 0.0165 ± 0.001 to 0.0370 ± 0.0015 wt. % when the hydrogenation time was extended from 1 to 7 h. The δ-ZrH hydride phase was formed in the Zr layers with Zr crystals reorienting towards the [100] direction. The Nb(110) diffraction reflex shifted towards smaller angles and the interplanar distance in the niobium layers increased, indicating significant lateral compressive stresses. Despite an increase in pressure, the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of the Zr/Nb NMCs remained stable. Increasing the hydrogen concentration to 0.0370 ± 0.0015 wt. % resulted in a 40% increase in nanohardness. At this concentration, the relative values of the Doppler broadening variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (S/S0) increased above the initial level, indicating an increase in excess free volume due to hydrogen-induced defects and changes. However, the predominant positron capture center remained intact. The Zr/Nb NMCs with hydrogen content ranging from 0.0150 ± 0.0015 to 0.0180 ± 0.001 wt. % exhibited a decrease in the free volume probed by positrons, as demonstrated by the Doppler broadening variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy. This was evidenced by opposite changes in S and W (S↓W↑). The microstructural changes are attributed to defect annihilation during hydrogen accumulation near interfaces with the formation of hydrogen–vacancy clusters and hydrides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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18 pages, 21025 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ti-Al6-V4 Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Induced by Electrochemical Charging
by Michaela Roudnicka, Zdenek Kacenka, Drahomir Dvorsky, Jan Drahokoupil and Dalibor Vojtech
Metals 2024, 14(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020251 - 19 Feb 2024
Viewed by 953
Abstract
The 3D printing of Ti-Al6-V4 alloy is subject to much current investigation, with Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) being one of the most applied technologies. Ti-Al6-V4 alloy, despite its great material properties, is susceptible to hydrogen penetration and consequent embrittlement. The level [...] Read more.
The 3D printing of Ti-Al6-V4 alloy is subject to much current investigation, with Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) being one of the most applied technologies. Ti-Al6-V4 alloy, despite its great material properties, is susceptible to hydrogen penetration and consequent embrittlement. The level of susceptibility to hydrogen penetration depends on the microstructural state of the alloy. In this work, we compare the effect of electrochemical charging by hydrogen on Ti-Al6-V4 alloy prepared by PBF-LB/M, either in the as-built state or annealed, and conventionally prepared alloy. At the same charging conditions, considerably different hydrogen concentrations were achieved, with the as-built 3D-printed material being the most susceptible. The changes in mechanical properties are discussed in relation to changes in microstructure, studied using microscopy, X-ray, and electron diffraction techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 2776 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Straining Path during Cold Drawing on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of Prestressing Steel Wires
by Jesús Toribio and Miguel Lorenzo
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071321 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 979
Abstract
Cold drawing is a commonly used technique for manufacturing the prestressing steel wires used as structural elements in prestressed concrete structures. As a result of this manufacturing process, a non-uniform plastic strain and residual stress states are generated in the wire. These stress [...] Read more.
Cold drawing is a commonly used technique for manufacturing the prestressing steel wires used as structural elements in prestressed concrete structures. As a result of this manufacturing process, a non-uniform plastic strain and residual stress states are generated in the wire. These stress and strain fields play a relevant role as the main cause of the in-service failure of prestressing steel wires in the presence of an aggressive environment, hydrogen embrittlement (HE). In this paper, hydrogen susceptibility to HE is compared in two different commercial cold-drawn wires with the same dimensions at the beginning and at the end of manufacturing that follow different straining paths. To achieve this goal, numerical simulation with the finite element (FE) method is carried out for two different industrial cold-drawing chains. Later, the HE susceptibility of both prestressing steel wires was estimated in terms of the hydrogen accumulation given by FE numerical simulations of hydrogen diffusion assisted by stress and strain states, considering the previously obtained residual stress and plastic strain fields generated after each wire-drawing process. According to the obtained results, the hardening history modifies the residual stress and strain states in the wires, affecting their behavior in hydrogen environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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