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Metals
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Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials
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Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6815

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mats Oldenburg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Mechanics of Solid Materials, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Interests: thermo-mechanical materials processing; simulation methods; modelling of fracture and fatigue; simulation of thermo-mechanical process chains including predictions of product performance
Prof. Dr. Jens Hardell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Interests: high temperature tribology; friction and wear in dry contacts; tribomaterials; surface engineering for friction and wear control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Daniel Casellas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
2. Division of Mechanics of Solid Materials, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Interests: fracture mechanics; fatigue; advanced high strength steels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The biannual CHS2 conference series has, after seven very successful conferences since 2008, grown into the leading platform for scientific exchange in hot forming technologies.

The interest in thermo-mechanical forming processes of high-performance materials has grown significantly in recent years. The automotive sector has been the main actor driving this development, pushed by the constant demands on passenger safety and environmental regulations. Press hardening of boron steels is now a mature technology, deployed all around the world. It has proven to be unbeatable for forming complex shape parts and easy forming of high strength materials with reduced spring-back. It also allows for producing parts with tailored properties under accurate process monitoring. These benefits offer great flexibility and open up possibilities to implement new materials in new industrial applications.

Research and Development both on the academic as well as on the industrial level is one of the most important prerequisites for continuous innovation in hot forming of high performance materials and open new scenarios to exploit their lightweight potential. The 8th CHS2 conference will be held in Barcelona (Spain) and aims to keep pushing the innovation trends in press hardening and related thermo-mechanical processes and to boost their application to other markets (such as heavy duty and industrial vehicles, aerospace, etc.), new applications (new needs from e-mobility) and new materials (stainless steels, light alloys, CFRP, hybrid materials, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Mats Oldenburg
Dr. Jens Hardell
Prof. Dr. Daniel Casellas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • press hardening
  • hot forming
  • process modelling
  • microstructure
  • surface engineering and coatings
  • process monitoring
  • fatigue and fracture
  • friction and wear

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5588 KiB  
Article
Effects of Variated Final Temperature and Workpiece Thickness for Hot Rolling of Aluminum Alloy EN AW-8011
by Jakob Kraner, Peter Cvahte, Primož Šuštarič, Tomaž Šuštar, Črtomir Donik, Irena Paulin, Shae K. Kim and Kyung Il Kim
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071301 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1047
Abstract
Hot rolling in the process chain of aluminum-rolled products presents the critical element of material quality and influences productivity. To increase the letter demand modifications of hot rolling, the consequential changes of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical and formability properties must be acknowledged [...] Read more.
Hot rolling in the process chain of aluminum-rolled products presents the critical element of material quality and influences productivity. To increase the letter demand modifications of hot rolling, the consequential changes of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical and formability properties must be acknowledged and consistently considered when planning the rolling process and rolled product. Achieving lower thicknesses of the hot-rolled band would enable fewer passes with cold rolling; consequently, hot rolling with the same number of passes can be completed with lower temperatures. Microstructural and texture characterizations conducted using the light microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively, of the 3.25 mm hot-rolled band revealed that the smaller grains appeared in the center of the cross-section, unlike for the 6 mm hot-rolled band, where smaller grains were detected on the top and bottom positions of the cross-section. Furthermore, the comparison also shows that the 6 mm hot-rolled band had 64% of random texture components and 83% of recrystallized grains, whereas the proportional adjustment for the 3.25 mm hot-rolled band had 42% of random texture components and 55% of recrystallized grains. For the mechanical testing results, the elongation values in rolling and transverse directions significantly differ only in the case of a hot-rolled band of 3.25 mm. Consequently, the earing results are more than 1.5% higher for the 3.25 mm hot-rolled band, than the 6 mm hot-rolled band. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials)
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10 pages, 4231 KiB  
Communication
Optimization of Thick 22MnB5 Sheet Steel Part Performance through Laser Tempering
by Eduard Garcia-Llamas, Jaume Pujante, David Frómeta, David Corón, Laura Galceran, Stefan Golling, Carlos Seijas and Daniel Casellas
Metals 2023, 13(2), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020396 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1186
Abstract
Press Hardening offers the possibility to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties through microstructural tailoring. This strategy has been successfully applied in thin sheet components, for instance, through differential cooling strategies. The application of these added value features to truck components implies [...] Read more.
Press Hardening offers the possibility to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties through microstructural tailoring. This strategy has been successfully applied in thin sheet components, for instance, through differential cooling strategies. The application of these added value features to truck components implies adapting the process to the manufacture of thick sheet metal. This introduces an additional layer of complexity, but also opportunity, in a process where the final microstructure and, thus the mechanical performance is generated in the press shop. This work presents a study on optimizing the crash worthiness and impact energy absorption on a press hardened thick 22MnB5 steel sheet. Different microstructure design strategies have been studied, including ferrite-Pearlite (representative of a differential heating and austenitization strategy), in-die generated Bainite (representative of differential cooling) and Tempered Martensite (generated through laser tempering), keeping a fully hardened martensite as a reference condition. The material performance has been compared in terms of the monotonic properties, useful for anti-intrusion performance, and Essential Work of Fracture, a well-suited parameter to predict the crash failure behavior of high strength steels. The results show that laser tempering offers properties similar to Bainite-based microstructures and can be a successful replacement in components where the sheet thickness does not allow for the fine control of the in-die thermomechanical evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials)
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33 pages, 9749 KiB  
Article
Microstructure-Based Modelling of Flow and Fracture Behavior of Tailored Microstructures of Ductibor® 1000-AS Steel
by Pedram Samadian, Armin Abedini, Clifford Butcher and Michael J. Worswick
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1770; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101770 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Emerging grades of press-hardening steels such as Ductibor® 1000-AS are now commercially available for use within tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) to enhance ductility and energy absorption in hot-stamped automotive structural components. This study examines the constitutive (hardening) response and fracture limits of Ductibor [...] Read more.
Emerging grades of press-hardening steels such as Ductibor® 1000-AS are now commercially available for use within tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) to enhance ductility and energy absorption in hot-stamped automotive structural components. This study examines the constitutive (hardening) response and fracture limits of Ductibor® 1000-AS as functions of the as-quenched microstructure after hot stamping. Three different microstructures consisting of bainite and martensite were obtained by hot stamping with die temperatures of 25 °C, 350 °C, and 450 °C. Mechanical characterization was performed to determine the hardening curves and plane-stress fracture loci for the different quench conditions (cooling rates). Uniaxial-tension and shear tests were conducted to experimentally capture the hardening response to large strain levels. Shear, conical hole-expansion, plane-strain notch tension, and Nakazima tests were carried out to evaluate the stress-state dependence of fracture. A mean-field homogenization (MFH) scheme was applied to model the constitutive and fracture behavior of the mixed-phase microstructures. A dislocation-based hardening model was adopted for the individual phases, which accounts for material chemistry, inter-phase carbon partitioning, and dislocation evolution. The per-phase fracture modelling was executed using a phenomenological damage index based upon the stress state within each phase. The results revealed that the 25 °C hot-stamped material condition with a fully martensite microstructure exhibited the highest level of strength and the lowest degree of ductility. As bainite was formed in the final microstructure by quenching at higher die temperatures, the strength decreased, while the ductility increased. The predicted constitutive and fracture responses in the hot-stamped microstructures were in line with the measured data. Accordingly, the established numerical strategy was extended to predict the mechanical behavior of Ductibor® 1000-AS for a broad range of intermediate as-quenched microstructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials)
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14 pages, 5400 KiB  
Article
Effect of Thermo-Mechanically Activated Precipitation on the Hot Deformation Behavior of High Strength Aluminum Alloy AA7075
by Emad Scharifi, Jürgen A. Nietsch, Angela Quadfasel, Ursula Weidig and Kurt Steinhoff
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101609 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1359
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of two different microstructural conditions on the hot deformation behavior of precipitation-hardenable AA7075 by compression tests ranging from 200 °C to 350 °C and strain rates from 0.1 s−1 to 10 s−1. The first [...] Read more.
The present study investigates the effect of two different microstructural conditions on the hot deformation behavior of precipitation-hardenable AA7075 by compression tests ranging from 200 °C to 350 °C and strain rates from 0.1 s−1 to 10 s−1. The first condition is solution heat-treated and quenched in water, whereas the second condition is achieved by subsequent artificial aging and stabilization for 24 h at the respective intended deformation temperature. Both conditions indicate an increase in flow stress with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. Moreover, with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, the flow behavior gradually changes as dynamic recrystallization becomes the dominant factor for the flow curve appearance. At the same deformation temperature, higher flow stresses are obtained for the as-quenched condition due to the dynamic precipitation and growth of very small precipitates (r < 20 nm) during hot deformation. For the deformation temperature of 200 °C and the strain rate of 10 s−1, higher peak stresses of 110 MPa are obtained for the as-quenched condition. This is confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy investigations, which show the formation of very fine precipitates for the as-quenched condition, while coarse precipitates can be found in the stabilized microstructure. Despite this observation, the work hardening analysis reveals lower strain-hardening rates for the as-quenched condition and higher critical stresses for the onset of dynamic recrystallization compared to the thermally stabilized microstructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Materials)
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