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Metals
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Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II
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Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 9865

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Patrice Peyre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
PIMM-Laboratory of Processes and Engineering in Mechanics and Materials, French National Centre for Scientific Research, 75016 Paris, France
Interests: additive manufacturing with lasers; laser surface treatments; laser welding of dissimilar metals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you know, an exponentially growing interest in both the industrial and academic communities regarding additive manufacturing (AM) has arisen in the last 5 years following more than a decade of technical proofs of concept and improvements in laser-based AM techniques. Since then, many scientific fields have been addressed in detail in the literature, including (1) the physics of laser–powder (or wire)–melt pool interaction, (2) the optimization of process parameters to ensure optimum densification of parts, (3) the microstructures of as-built or thermally treated AM materials and, of course, (4) the mechanical or corrosion properties of manufactured parts. Experimental, analytical, or numerical means have been used to fulfill the requirements of AM developments. However, on all of these topics, a tremendous amount of work is still required to improve our global understanding of existing processes (direct energy deposition, powder bed laser fusion, metal binder jetting, etc.), develop novel processes, address modified or complex alloys (e.g., hot cracking sensitivity) or provide a more precise analysis of AM microstructures and their resulting properties. These are the global objectives of this Special Issue on Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers, which is devoted to the most recent achievements on this highly attractive topic.

Prof. Dr. Patrice Peyre
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • powder bed laser fusion (PBLF/SLM)
  • direct energy deposition (DED)
  • metal binder jetting (MBJ)
  • microstructures
  • corrosion
  • fatigue
  • residual stresses
  • numerical simulation

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 13309 KiB  
Article
Producing Ti5Mo-Fused Tracks and Layers via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
by Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu and Willie Bouwer Du Preez
Metals 2022, 12(6), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060950 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
The principal optimum process parameters for printing Ti5Mo fused tracks and layers were determined. The laser power, scanning speed and hatch distance were varied to study their influence on fused track and layer formation. The morphology, geometry, homogeneity, surface roughness, solidification structure, microstructure [...] Read more.
The principal optimum process parameters for printing Ti5Mo fused tracks and layers were determined. The laser power, scanning speed and hatch distance were varied to study their influence on fused track and layer formation. The morphology, geometry, homogeneity, surface roughness, solidification structure, microstructure and microhardness of the fused tracks and layers were analysed. It was observed that, based on the laser energy density, different fused tracks and layers can be achieved. It is only at a certain critical threshold that optimum process parameters could be obtained. Laser power of 200 W with a corresponding scanning speed of 1.0 m/s at a hatch distance of 80 µm was obtained as the optimum process parameter set. As opposed to previous research by the authors, the Mo powder particles in the current investigation melted completely in the Ti5Mo alloy matrix due to the small Mo powder particle size (1 µm). A 50% offset rescanning strategy also improved the surface quality of the layers. The solidification front is predominantly cellular, and the microhardness values obtained fall within the values reported in the current literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II)
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12 pages, 8777 KiB  
Article
Wear Resistance of FeCrAlNbNi Alloyed Zone via Laser Surface Alloying on 304 Stainless Steel
by Chunsheng Cui, Jinhao Nie, Yuxin Li, Qingfeng Guan, Jie Cai, Pengfei Zhang and Jie Wu
Metals 2022, 12(3), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030467 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1553
Abstract
In order to enhance the wear resistance of 304 stainless steel, a FeCrAlNbNi alloyed zone (AZ) was deposited on its surface using laser surface alloying technology, and the wear resistance of the AZ was investigated. The results found that the AZ had a [...] Read more.
In order to enhance the wear resistance of 304 stainless steel, a FeCrAlNbNi alloyed zone (AZ) was deposited on its surface using laser surface alloying technology, and the wear resistance of the AZ was investigated. The results found that the AZ had a dense and fine structure and no obvious defects, and the microstructure was mainly composed of equiaxed dendrites. A large amount of iron compounds and iron-based solid solutions in the AZ made the average microhardness of the AZ about 2.6 times higher than of the substrate. The friction and wear performance of the AZ at 25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C better than that of the substrate. As far as the AZ was concerned, the abrasion resistance was the best under normal temperature environment. At 200 °C and 400 °C, due to the repeated extrusion and grinding of the friction pair, the oxide layer formed on the AZ surface was prone to microcracks and peeling off, which reduces the wear resistance. Especially at 400 °C, the formation and peeling speed of the oxide layer is accelerated, and the wear resistance is the lowest. However, when the temperature reached 600 °C, an Al2O3 layer was formed. And the Al2O3 has greater wear resistance to protect the AZ. At this time, the wear resistance was greatly improved compared to 200 °C and 400 °C. Therefore, as the temperature increased, the wear resistance of the AZ first decreased and then increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II)
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23 pages, 11482 KiB  
Article
A Simplified Layer-by-Layer Model for Prediction of Residual Stress Distribution in Additively Manufactured Parts
by Prabhat Pant, Sören Sjöström, Kjell Simonsson, Johan Moverare, Sebastian Proper, Seyed Hosseini, Vladimir Luzin and Rulin Peng
Metals 2021, 11(6), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060861 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2606
Abstract
With the improvement in technology, additive manufacturing using metal powder has been a go-to method to produce complex-shaped components. With complex shapes being printed, the residual stresses (RS) developed during the printing process are much more difficult to control and manage, which is [...] Read more.
With the improvement in technology, additive manufacturing using metal powder has been a go-to method to produce complex-shaped components. With complex shapes being printed, the residual stresses (RS) developed during the printing process are much more difficult to control and manage, which is one of the issues seen in the field of AM. A simplified finite element-based, layer-by-layer activation approach for the prediction of residual stress is presented and applied to L-shaped samples built in two different orientations. The model was validated with residual stress distributions measured using neutron diffraction. It has been demonstrated that this simplified model can predict the trend of the residual stress distribution well inside the parts and give insight into residual stress evolution during printing with time for any area of interest. Although the stress levels predicted are higher than the measured ones, the impact of build direction on the development of RS during the building process and the final RS distributions after removing the base plate could be exploited using the model. This is important for finalizing the print orientation for a complex geometry, as the stress distribution will be different for different print orientations. This simplified tool which does not need high computational power and time can also be useful in component design to reduce the residual stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II)
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22 pages, 12394 KiB  
Article
Analysis of As-Built Microstructures and Recrystallization Phenomena on Inconel 625 Alloy Obtained via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)
by Thibaut De Terris, Olivier Castelnau, Zehoua Hadjem-Hamouche, Halim Haddadi, Vincent Michel and Patrice Peyre
Metals 2021, 11(4), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040619 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3262
Abstract
The microstructures induced by the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process have been widely investigated over the last decade, especially on austenitic stainless steels (AISI 316L) and nickel-based superalloys (Inconel 718, Inconel 625). However, the conditions required to initiate recrystallization of L-PBF samples at [...] Read more.
The microstructures induced by the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process have been widely investigated over the last decade, especially on austenitic stainless steels (AISI 316L) and nickel-based superalloys (Inconel 718, Inconel 625). However, the conditions required to initiate recrystallization of L-PBF samples at high temperatures require further investigation, especially regarding the physical origins of substructures (dislocation densities) induced by the L-PBF process. Indeed, the recrystallization widely depends on the specimen substructure, and in the case of the L-PBF process, the substructure is obtained during rapid solidification. In this paper, a comparison is presented between Inconel 625 specimens obtained with different laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) conditions. The effects of the energy density (VED) values on as-built and heat-under microstructures are also investigated. It is first shown that L-PBF specimens created with high-energy conditions recrystallize earlier due to a larger density of geometrically necessary dislocations. Moreover, it is shown that lower energy densities offers better tensile properties for as-built specimens. However, an appropriate heat treatment makes it possible to homogenize the tensile properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Metals with Lasers II)
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