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Metabolites
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Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment
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Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipid Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 7446

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Diego Moriconi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: obesity; bariatric surgery; obesity-related kidney disease; hyperfiltration; chronic kidney disease
Dr. Tiziana Sampietro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Lipoapheresis Unit - Reference Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Dyslipidemias, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: lipidology; lipidomics; apheresis; dyslipidemia; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sadly, these last few years will remain infamous for the COVID-19 pandemic, but for decades, another well-known pandemic has been continuing to expand, not sparing any age group: obesity.

Obesity can be defined as a state of altered metabolic homeostasis which is accompanied by atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension.

For these reasons, the growing prevalence of obesity will certainly contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, obesity and dyslipidemia are the main features of metabolic syndrome, and both can present with adipose tissue dysfunction, involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this syndrome.

In this Special Issue, we would like to focus on the emerging understanding of biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation, atherogenesis, and lipid metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Other interesting and innovative topics related to obesity treatment will be welcome.

Dr. Diego Moriconi
Dr. Tiziana Sampietro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • bariatric surgery
  • leptin
  • cytokines
  • fatty acid
  • adipokines
  • atherogenesis
  • lipidomics
  • insulin resistance

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 629 KiB  
Article
Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Associated with the Echogenic Features of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability in Elderly Patients with Atherosclerotic Disease
by Daniela Mastroiacovo, Evaristo Ettorre, Alessandro Mengozzi, Agostino Virdis, Antonio Camerota, Mario Muselli, Stefano Necozione, Raffaella Bocale, Claudio Ferri and Giovambattista Desideri
Metabolites 2023, 13(6), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060693 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1049
Abstract
Uric acid is a marker of inflammation and a risk factor for atherosclerosis that has been suggested to play a role in carotid plaque instability. Reduced atherosclerotic plaque echogenicity at ultrasound examination is associated with alarming histopathological features and inflammation. In this study, [...] Read more.
Uric acid is a marker of inflammation and a risk factor for atherosclerosis that has been suggested to play a role in carotid plaque instability. Reduced atherosclerotic plaque echogenicity at ultrasound examination is associated with alarming histopathological features and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and echogenic patterns of plaque instability in elderly subjects with carotid atherosclerosis. Since uric acid metabolism largely depends on renal function, SUA levels were indexed for serum creatinine levels (SUA/SCr). We enrolled 108 patients aged 65 years or more (72.7 ± 5.9 years; 50 females and 58 males) who underwent carotid duplex ultrasound to evaluate plaque echogenicity by greyscale median (GSM). The regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse association between the GSM and the SUA/SCr ratio (β: −0.567; 95% CI −0.751 to −0.384 and p < 0.0001). Stepwise multivariate regression showed that the SUA/SCr ratio explained 30.3% of GSM variability (β: −0.600; 95% CI −0.777/−0.424, p < 0.0001, and semi-partial correlation 0.303). After a mean period of 3.5 ± 0.5 years, 48 patients were reevaluated according to the same baseline study protocol. The regression analysis demonstrated a still significant inverse association between the GSM and the SUA/SCr ratio (β: −0.462; 95% CI −0.745 to −0.178 and p = 0.002). Stepwise multivariate regression showed that the SUA/SCr ratio explained 28.0% of GSM variability (coefficient −0.584, 95% CI −0.848/−0.319, p < 0.0001, and semi-partial R2 0.280). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SUA levels indexed for serum creatinine are associated with the echogenic features of carotid plaque vulnerability in elderly patients with atherosclerotic disease. These data could suggest an influential role for uric acid metabolism in carotid plaque biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment)
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11 pages, 927 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Carotid Plaque Echolucency Is Associated with Reduced Cognitive Performance in Elderly Patients with Atherosclerotic Disease Independently on Metabolic Profile
by Daniela Mastroiacovo, Alessandro Mengozzi, Francesco Dentali, Fulvio Pomero, Agostino Virdis, Antonio Camerota, Mario Muselli, Stefano Necozione, Raffaella Bocale, Claudio Ferri and Giovambattista Desideri
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040478 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1184
Abstract
Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are related to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced age. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the echogenicity of carotid plaques and cognitive performance in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We enrolled [...] Read more.
Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are related to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced age. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the echogenicity of carotid plaques and cognitive performance in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We enrolled 113 patients aged 65 years or more (72.4 ± 5.9 years) who underwent carotid duplex ultrasound to evaluate plaque echogenicity by grey-scale median (GSM) and neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive function. The GSM values at baseline were inversely correlated with the number of seconds required to complete Trail Makin Test (TMT) A (rho: −0.442; p < 0.0001), TMT B (rho: −0.460; p < 0.0001) and TMT B-A (rho: −0.333; p < 0.0001) and directly correlated with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) score (rho: 0.217; p = 0.021 and rho: 0.375; p < 0.0001, respectively) and the composite cognitive z-score (rho: 0.464; p < 0.0001). After a mean period of 3.5 ± 0.5 years, 55 patients were reevaluated according to the same baseline study protocol. Patients with baseline GSM value higher than the median value of 29 did not show any significant variation in the z-score. Instead, those with GSM ≤ 29 showed a significant worsening of z-score (−1.2; p = 0.0258). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the existence of an inverse relationship between the echolucency of carotid plaques and cognitive function in elderly patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease. These data suggest that the assessment of plaque echogenicity if used appropriately, might aid in identifying subjects at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment)
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15 pages, 3539 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplement, Containing the Dry Extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia, Counteracts Intestinal Inflammation and Enteric Dysmotility Associated with Obesity
by Vanessa D’Antongiovanni, Matteo Fornai, Laura Benvenuti, Clelia Di Salvo, Carolina Pellegrini, Federica Cappelli, Stefano Masi and Luca Antonioli
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030410 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1280
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) impairment and enteric inflammation are involved in the onset of obesity and gut-related dysmotility. Dietary supplementation with natural plant extracts represents a useful strategy for the management of body weight gain and systemic inflammation associated with obesity. Here, we [...] Read more.
Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) impairment and enteric inflammation are involved in the onset of obesity and gut-related dysmotility. Dietary supplementation with natural plant extracts represents a useful strategy for the management of body weight gain and systemic inflammation associated with obesity. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement containing the dry extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia in counteracting enteric inflammation and motor abnormalities in a mouse model of obesity, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice, fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD, were treated with a natural mixture (Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia). After 8 weeks, body weight, BMI, liver and spleen weight, along with metabolic parameters and colonic motor activity were evaluated. Additionally, plasma LBP, fecal calprotectin, colonic levels of MPO and IL-1β, as well as the expression of occludin, TLR-4, MYD88 and NF-κB were investigated. Plant-based food supplement administration (1) counteracted the increase in body weight, BMI and metabolic parameters, along with a reduction in spleen and liver weight; (2) showed strengthening effects on the IEB integrity; and (3) reduced enteric inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as ameliorated the colonic contractile dysfunctions. Natural mixture administration reduced intestinal inflammation and counteracted the intestinal motor dysfunction associated with obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment)
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15 pages, 2660 KiB  
Article
Serum Uric Acid Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Independently of Hypertriglyceridemia in Cardiometabolic Patients without Established CV Disease: A Sub-Analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) Study
by Alessandro Mengozzi, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Giovambattista Desideri, Stefano Masi, Fabio Angeli, Carlo Maria Barbagallo, Michele Bombelli, Federica Cappelli, Edoardo Casiglia, Rosario Cianci, Michele Ciccarelli, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Massimo Cirillo, Pietro Cirillo, Raffaella Dell’Oro, Lanfranco D’Elia, Claudio Ferri, Ferruccio Galletti, Loreto Gesualdo, Cristina Giannattasio, Guido Grassi, Guido Iaccarino, Luciano Lippa, Francesca Mallamaci, Alessandro Maloberti, Maria Masulli, Alberto Mazza, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Pietro Nazzaro, Paolo Palatini, Gianfranco Parati, Roberto Pontremoli, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Marcello Rattazzi, Gianpaolo Reboldi, Giulia Rivasi, Elisa Russo, Massimo Salvetti, Valerie Tikhonoff, Giuliano Tocci, Andrea Ungar, Paolo Verdecchia, Francesca Viazzi, Massimo Volpe, Claudio Borghi and Agostino Virdisadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020244 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid [...] Read more.
High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study cohort who were followed for over 20 years and had no established cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled metabolic disease. All-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were explored by the Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox multivariable regression, adopting recently defined SUA cut-offs for ACM (≥4.7 mg/dL) and CVM (≥5.6 mg/dL). Exploratory analysis across cardiometabolic subgroups and a sensitivity analysis using SUA/serum creatinine were performed as validation. SUA predicted ACM (HR 1.25 [1.12–1.40], p < 0.001) and CVM (1.31 [1.11–1.74], p < 0.001) in the whole study population, and according to TG strata: ACM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.26 [1.12–1.43], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (1.31 [1.02–1.68], p = 0.033), and CVM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.46 [1.23–1.73], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.31 [0.99–1.64], p = 0.060). Exploratory and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings, suggesting a substantial role of SUA in normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, we report that SUA can predict ACM and CVM in cardiometabolic patients without established cardiovascular disease, independent of TG levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis, Prevalence and Significance of Obesity in a Cohort of CKD Patients
by Diego Moriconi, Claudia D’Alessandro, Domenico Giannese, Vincenzo Panichi and Adamasco Cupisti
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020196 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Background: data regarding the association between obesity and morbidity/mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are uncertain and sometimes contradictory. The aims of our study were to determine the associations among different measures of obesity and adiposity, and the risk of all-cause [...] Read more.
Background: data regarding the association between obesity and morbidity/mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are uncertain and sometimes contradictory. The aims of our study were to determine the associations among different measures of obesity and adiposity, and the risk of all-cause mortality or dialysis entry in stage 3–5 CKD patients. Materials: this observational cohort study included 178 CKD patients followed for a median of 71 months. Biochemistry, anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and body composition by bioimpedance analysis were evaluated. Results: we found a weak agreement between BMI and other measures of adiposity. In multivariable regression analysis, all measures of obesity such as BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were not associated with dialysis entry and/or mortality. Instead, MAMC was associated with dialysis entry HR 0.82 [95% CI: 0.75–0.89] and high FM% with mortality HR 2.08 [95% CI: 1.04–4.18]. Conclusions: in our CKD population, lower MAMC was predictive of dialysis commencing, while a higher percentage of fatty mass was a predictor of mortality. Instead, obesity, as defined by BMI, is not associated with dialysis commencing or all-cause mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism Regulation and Obesity Treatment)
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