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Metabolites
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Fatty Acid Metabolism
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Fatty Acid Metabolism

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipid Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2020) | Viewed by 12614

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria D. Giron-Gonzalez

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: signaling pathways; diabetes; metabolic flexibility; early programming; obesity; muscle differentiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jose M. López-Pedrosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Abbott Nutrition R&D, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
Interests: growth development, obesity, diabetes, sarcopenia–cachexia, bone metabolism, nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rafael Salto-Gonzalez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: metabolic flexibility; nutritional regulation of gene expression; metabolic engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The capability of the organism to respond or adapt metabolism to substrate availability, modulating its storage, trafficking, and utilization is called metabolic flexibility. An example is the ability to select fuels between glucose and fatty acids. Insulin resistance leads to metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Metabolic flexibility also relays on organs’ interplay since the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle regulate energy homeostasis in a coordinated fashion depending on the caloric intake and energy demand. Metabolic inflexibility and the associated alterations in the metabolism of fatty acids are related to a variety of pathologies, such as an accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes, leading to a clinical condition known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, changes in the lipid composition or in the regulation of noncoding RNAs related to lipid metabolism in cancer cells. This Special Issue highlights the importance of the metabolism of fatty acids in health and disease. Specific areas include: metabolic flexibility and fatty acid metabolism, fuel supply and muscle adaptation during the life span and metabolic integration of fatty acid metabolism and disease, including situations such as catch up growth, nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer or inflammation. Manuscripts dealing with other pertinent challenging issues are also highly desired.

Prof. Dr. Maria D. Giron-Gonzalez
Dr. Jose M. López-Pedrosa
Prof. Dr. Rafael Salto-Gonzalez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Metabolic flexibility and fatty acid metabolism
  • Fuel Supply and muscle adaptation during the life span
  • Metabolic integration of fatty acid metabolism and disease
  • Catch up growth and fatty acid metabolism
  • Nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease
  • Diabetes and fatty acid metabolism
  • Cancer and fatty acid metabolism
  • Inflammation and fatty acid metabolism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1937 KiB  
Article
Skeletal Muscle Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 and Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults after Exercise and Weight Loss
by Guoyan Li, Hefang Zhang and Alice S. Ryan
Metabolites 2020, 10(9), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090354 - 31 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2435
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is an adipokine that plays an important role in energy homoeostasis and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. This study was designed to determine the effect of an exercise plus weight loss intervention on ANGPTL4 expression and its relationship with metabolic [...] Read more.
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is an adipokine that plays an important role in energy homoeostasis and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. This study was designed to determine the effect of an exercise plus weight loss intervention on ANGPTL4 expression and its relationship with metabolic health. Thirty-five obese sedentary men (n = 18) and postmenopausal women (n = 17), (X ± SEM, age: 61 ± 1 years, BMI: 31.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2, VO2max: 21.7 ± 0.9 L/kg/min) completed a 6 month program of 3×/week aerobic exercise and 1×/week dietary instruction to induce weight loss (AEX + WL). Participants underwent vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp, oral glucose tolerance tests and body composition testing. Basal skeletal muscle ANGPTL4 mRNA was lower in men than women (p < 0.01). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha (PPARα) mRNA expression was higher in men than women (p < 0.05). There were no significance changes in serum or skeletal muscle ANGPTL4 (basal or insulin-stimulated) or muscle PPARα mRNA expression after AEX + WL. Muscle mRNA ANGPTL4 is correlated with serum ANGPTL4 (r = 0.41, p < 0.05), body fat (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001), and glucose utilization (r = 0.38, p < 0.05). AEX + WL does not change basal or insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle ANGPTL4 mRNA expression, suggesting other factors contribute to improved insulin sensitivity after the loss of body fat and improved fitness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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18 pages, 3214 KiB  
Article
Hyperoxic Exposure Caused Lung Lipid Compositional Changes in Neonatal Mice
by Abigail L. Peterson, Jennifer F. Carr, Xiangming Ji, Phyllis A. Dennery and Hongwei Yao
Metabolites 2020, 10(9), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090340 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
Treatments with supplemental oxygen in premature infants can impair lung development, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although a stage-specific alteration of lung lipidome occurs during postnatal lung development, whether neonatal hyperoxia, a known mediator of BPD in rodent models, changes lipid profiles in [...] Read more.
Treatments with supplemental oxygen in premature infants can impair lung development, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although a stage-specific alteration of lung lipidome occurs during postnatal lung development, whether neonatal hyperoxia, a known mediator of BPD in rodent models, changes lipid profiles in mouse lungs is still to be elucidated. To answer this question, newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 3 days and allowed to recover in normoxia until postnatal day (pnd) 7 and pnd14, time-points spanning the peak stage of alveologenesis. A total of 2263 lung lipid species were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, covering 5 lipid categories and 18 lipid subclasses. The most commonly identified lipid species were glycerophospholipids, followed by sphingolipids and glycerolipids. In normoxic conditions, certain glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid species augmented at pnd14 compared to pnd7. At pnd7, hyperoxia generally increased glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and glycerolipid species. Hyperoxia increased NADPH, acetyl CoA, and citrate acid but reduced carnitine and acyl carnitine. Hyperoxia increased oxidized glutathione but reduced catalase. These changes were not apparent at pnd14. Hyperoxia reduced docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid at pnd14 but not at pnd7. Altogether, the lung lipidome changes throughout alveolarization. Neonatal hyperoxia alters the lung lipidome, which may contribute to alveolar simplification and dysregulated vascular development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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12 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
Green Nut Oil or DHA Supplementation Restored Decreased Distribution Levels of DHA Containing Phosphatidylcholines in the Brain of a Mouse Model of Dementia
by Ariful Islam, Emiko Takeyama, Md. Al Mamun, Tomohito Sato, Makoto Horikawa, Yutaka Takahashi, Kenji Kikushima and Mitsutoshi Setou
Metabolites 2020, 10(4), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040153 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3147
Abstract
Dementia is a major public health concern nowadays. Reduced levels of brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DHA-phosphatidylcholines (DHA-PCs) in dementia patients were reported previously. Recently, we have reported that supplementation of green nut oil (GNO) or DHA improves memory function and distribution levels [...] Read more.
Dementia is a major public health concern nowadays. Reduced levels of brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DHA-phosphatidylcholines (DHA-PCs) in dementia patients were reported previously. Recently, we have reported that supplementation of green nut oil (GNO) or DHA improves memory function and distribution levels of brain DHA in senescence accelerated mice P8 (SAMP8). GNO is extracted from Plukenetia volubilis seeds, and SAMP8 is a well-known model mouse of dementia. In this current study, we examined the results of GNO or DHA supplementation in the distribution levels of brain DHA-PCs in same model mouse of dementia using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). We observed significantly decreased distribution of brain DHA-PCs, PC (16:0_22:6), and PC (18:0_22:6) in SAMP8 mice compared to wild type mice, and GNO or DHA treatment restored the decreased distribution levels of PC (16:0_22:6) and PC (18:0_22:6) in the brain of SAMP8 mice. These results indicate that GNO or DHA supplementation can ameliorate the decreased distribution of brain DHA-PCs in dementia, and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of dementia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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Review

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18 pages, 1598 KiB  
Review
Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review
by Étore F. Signini, David C. Nieman, Claudio D. Silva, Camila A. Sakaguchi and Aparecida M. Catai
Metabolites 2020, 10(6), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060264 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4050
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this [...] Read more.
Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a panel of the primary exercise-related oxylipins and their respective functions in healthy individuals. Searches were performed in five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) using combinations of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: “Humans”, “Exercise”, “Physical Activity”, “Sports”, “Oxylipins”, and “Lipid Mediators”. An adapted scoring system created in a previous study from our group was used to rate the quality of the studies. Nine studies were included after examining 1749 documents. Seven studies focused on the acute effect of physical exercise while two studies determined the effects of exercise training on the oxylipin profile. Numerous oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise, with most related to the inflammatory process, immune function, tissue repair, cardiovascular and renal functions, and oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatty Acid Metabolism)
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