Hypothalamic Regulation of Whole-Body Energy Metabolism: From Physiology to Pathophysiology

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2024 | Viewed by 900

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Interests: obesity; neuroinflammation; metabolism; metabolic disorders; neuropsychiatry disorders
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The regulation of energy homeostasis is a highly integrated and regulated process that aims to maintain the stability of body energy stores over time. The hypothalamus is the primary center for the regulation of the whole-body energy metabolism. Thermoregulation, satiety, sleep, sexual behavior, and emotional control seem to be modulated in part by the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neural cells respond to peripheral signals controlling food intake, energy expenditure, glucose, and lipid metabolism in a homeostatic way, and also integrate with limbic and cortical areas to coordinate the hedonic responses to food.

Defective crosstalk between the hypothalamus and other brain regions as well as with peripheral organs contributes to the development of a number of chronic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This Special Issue highlights the hypothalamus as a central regulator of whole-body energy metabolism. Specific research areas include, but are not limited to, the identification of molecular mechanisms of hypothalamic physiology and pathophysiology in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and liver metabolism, the role of microbiota and the gut–brain axis in energy homeostasis, obesity-induced neuroinflammation and dysregulation of brain metabolism, and molecular targets for obesity treatment. Manuscripts dealing with other pertinent challenging issues are also highly encouraged.

Dr. Joana M. Gaspar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • whole-body energy homeostasis
  • metabolic regulation
  • hypothalamus
  • food intake
  • neuroinflammation

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 1721 KiB  
Review
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Food Intake in Mammals: An Update
by Yamili Vargas, Ana Elena Castro Tron, Adair Rodríguez Rodríguez, Rosa María Uribe, Patricia Joseph-Bravo and Jean-Louis Charli
Metabolites 2024, 14(6), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14060302 - 26 May 2024
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Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is an intercellular signal produced mainly by neurons. Among the multiple pharmacological effects of TRH, that on food intake is not well understood. We review studies demonstrating that peripheral injection of TRH generally produces a transient anorexic effect, discuss [...] Read more.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is an intercellular signal produced mainly by neurons. Among the multiple pharmacological effects of TRH, that on food intake is not well understood. We review studies demonstrating that peripheral injection of TRH generally produces a transient anorexic effect, discuss the pathways that might initiate this effect, and explain its short half-life. In addition, central administration of TRH can produce anorexic or orexigenic effects, depending on the site of injection, that are likely due to interaction with TRH receptor 1. Anorexic effects are most notable when TRH is injected into the hypothalamus and the nucleus accumbens, while the orexigenic effect has only been detected by injection into the brain stem. Functional evidence points to TRH neurons that are prime candidate vectors for TRH action on food intake. These include the caudal raphe nuclei projecting to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and possibly TRH neurons from the tuberal lateral hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nuclei. For other TRH neurons, the anatomical or physiological context and impact of TRH in each synaptic domain are still poorly understood. The manipulation of TRH expression in well-defined neuron types will facilitate the discovery of its role in food intake control in each anatomical scene. Full article
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