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Lubricants
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2D Materials in Tribology
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2D Materials in Tribology

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3389

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Restuccia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
Interests: first principles simulations; density functional theory; atomistic simulations; tribology; lubricant additives; molecular adsorption; 2D materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, 2D materials have become ubiquitous in many technological applications, ranging from optoelectronics to sensors, thanks to their exceptional electrical, thermal and chemical properties. In particular, their mechanical strength, chemical stability and layered structure make them excellent for lubricating in applications where common friction modifiers cannot function properly. Many of these materials, from graphene to boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, phosphorene and Mxenes, have been successfully employed as lubricant additives in tribological applications. Moreover, the crystal structure of this class of materials and their interaction with different substrates can help us understand the inner mechanisms regarding the origin of friction.

This Special Issue on “2D Materials in Tribology” can be the perfect opportunity for researchers working in experimental and theoretical fields to update the community on cutting-edge applications concerning 2D materials as friction modifiers.

The potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Experimental applications of 2D materials as lubricant additives;
  • Computational and theoretical works that can shed light on the atomistic mechanisms of lubrication in 2D materials;
  • Innovative study related to superlubricity, an intrinsic property of 2D lubricant materials;
  • 2D materials used in cutting-edge tribological fields, such as in the triboelectric effect.

Dr. Paolo Restuccia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tribology
  • friction
  • wear
  • 2D materials
  • adsorption
  • adhesion
  • superlubricity
  • nanotribology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 14665 KiB  
Article
Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Content on Mechanical and Elevated-Temperature Tribological Performance of Self-Lubricating ZE10 Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposites
by Sinan Kandemir, Sibel Yöyler, Rahul Kumar, Maksim Antonov and Hajo Dieringa
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020052 - 13 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and graphene in alloy formulations are of paramount importance for lightweight engineering applications. In the present study, ZE10 Mg-alloy-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) having a thickness of 10–20 nm were fabricated via ultrasound-assisted stir casting. The effect of GNP [...] Read more.
Magnesium (Mg) and graphene in alloy formulations are of paramount importance for lightweight engineering applications. In the present study, ZE10 Mg-alloy-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) having a thickness of 10–20 nm were fabricated via ultrasound-assisted stir casting. The effect of GNP contents (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) on the microstructure, Vickers hardness, and tensile properties of nanocomposites was investigated. Further, tribological studies were performed under a ball-on-disc sliding wear configuration against a bearing ball counterbody, at room and elevated temperatures of 100 °C and 200 °C, to comprehend temperature-induced wear mechanisms and friction evolution. It was revealed that the GNP addition resulted in grain coarsening and increased porosity rate of the Mg alloy. While the composites exhibited improved hardness by 20–35% at room temperature and 100 °C, a minor change was observed in their hardness and tensile yield strength values at 200 °C with respect to the GNP-free alloy. A notable improvement in lowering and stabilizing friction (coefficient of friction at 200 °C~0.25) and wear values was seen for the self-lubricating GNP-added composites at all sliding temperatures. The worn surface morphology indicated a simultaneous occurrence of abrasive and adhesive wear mode in all samples at room temperature and 100 °C, while delamination and smearing along with debris compaction (tribolayer protection) were the dominant mechanisms of wear at 200 °C. Inclusively, the results advocate steady frictional conditions, improved wear resistance, and favorable wear-protective mechanisms for the Mg alloy–GNP nanocomposites at room and elevated temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials in Tribology)
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18 pages, 11340 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials
by Varad Agarwal, Ambreen Nisar, Abhijith K. Sukumaran, Lihua Lou and Sohail M. A. K. Mohammed
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Developing a solid lubricant with the ideal blend of lubrication and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. For the first time, we delve into synthesis and wear behavior of multicomponent 2D materials via spark plasma sintering (SPS) by mixing equimolar concentrations of hexagonal [...] Read more.
Developing a solid lubricant with the ideal blend of lubrication and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. For the first time, we delve into synthesis and wear behavior of multicomponent 2D materials via spark plasma sintering (SPS) by mixing equimolar concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) using ball-milling (BM) and cryo-milling (CM) techniques. The mixing process controls the distribution of parent phases and thus solid-solutions, forming new phases, namely BCN, (Mo,W)S2, and B4C in the sample post sintering. The CM sample revealed a higher densification of 93% in contrast to the BM sample, with only 86% densification and a higher content of BCN, (Mo,W)S2, and B4C phases, exhibited via XRD and confocal Raman analysis. CM sample showed improved wear resistance (up to 46%) elicited from the lower wear volume loss (9.78 × 106 µm3) as compared to the BM sample (14.32 × 106 µm3). The dominant wear mechanisms were plowing, cracking, spallation, and severe abrasion in the BM sample, while cracking and plowing in the CM sample. The findings can pave the way for tailoring solid lubricants’ compositions and wear behavior per the intended application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials in Tribology)
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Review

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28 pages, 9240 KiB  
Review
Structural Superlubricity of Two-Dimensional Materials: Mechanisms, Properties, Influencing Factors, and Applications
by Fan-Bin Wu, Sheng-Jian Zhou, Jia-Hu Ouyang, Shu-Qi Wang and Lei Chen
Lubricants 2024, 12(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12040138 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Structural superlubricity refers to the lubrication state in which the friction between two crystalline surfaces in incommensurate contact is nearly zero; this has become an important branch in recent tribological research. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with structural superlubricity such as graphene, MoS2, [...] Read more.
Structural superlubricity refers to the lubrication state in which the friction between two crystalline surfaces in incommensurate contact is nearly zero; this has become an important branch in recent tribological research. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with structural superlubricity such as graphene, MoS2, h-BN, and alike, which possess unique layered structures and excellent friction behavior, will bring significant advances in the development of high-performance microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as in space exploration, space transportation, precision manufacturing, and high-end equipment. Herein, the review mainly introduces the tribological properties of structural superlubricity among typical 2D layered materials and summarizes in detail the underlying mechanisms responsible for superlubricity on sliding surfaces and the influencing factors including the size and layer effect, elasticity effect, moiré superlattice, edge effect, and other external factors like normal load, velocity, and temperature, etc. Finally, the difficulties in achieving robust superlubricity from micro to macroscale were focused on, and the prospects and suggestions were discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials in Tribology)
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