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Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research

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A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2023) | Viewed by 7304

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aleksei N. Sumin

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Guest Editor

Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Blvd. 6, Kemerovo 650002, Russia
Interests: coronary artery disease and polyvascular disease; coronary artery bypass surgery; arterial stiffness; cardiac rehabilitation; psychosomatic medicine; distress; echocardiography; cardiooncology; cardiac risk; non-cardiac surgery; prognosis; comorbidity

Prof. Dr. Dmitry V. Duplyakov

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Guest Editor

Department of Internal Medicine, Samara State Medical University, Samara Regional Cardiology Centre, Samara 443095, Russia
Interests: coronary artery disease; acute coronary syndrome; pulmonary embolism, syncope; cardiooncology; non-cardiac surgery; prognosis

Prof. Dr. Alexey N. Repin

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Guest Editor

Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
Interests: cardiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the greatest threat to human health. Among them, coronary heart disease is still the main cause of death, research on this pathology is an important task. Not surprisingly, it is in this area that tremendous progress has been made regarding pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic methods, as well as coronary revascularization. A characteristic feature of these studies is a multidisciplinary approach; it is not for nothing that the very concept of "Heart team" arose to determine the optimal tactics for treating patients with coronary artery disease. Accordingly, to improve the quality and life expectancy of patients with coronary artery disease, research is needed in all of the above areas.

The purpose of this issue is to provide an opportunity to publish their research to different groups of researchers involved in the study of the problem of coronary artery disease. These may include both basic research and clinical research on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of various forms of coronary artery disease, myocardial revascularization and predicting its outcomes. Also of interest is the problem of comorbidity in patients with coronary artery disease, which may affect the course and prognosis of the disease. Submission of all types of manuscripts including original research and reviews will be possible.

Dr. Aleksei N. Sumin
Prof. Dr. Dmitry V. Duplyakov
Prof. Dr. Alexey N. Repin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

coronary artery disease
pathogenetic mechanisms
risk factors
prognosis
diagnostics
myocardial revascularization
rehabilitation
comorbidity

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Associated with New Episode of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

by Olesya Rubanenko, Anatoly Rubanenko and Igor Davydkin

Life 2023, 13(10), 2035; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102035 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 802

Abstract

The aim of the study was to perform a comprehensive fundamental analysis of the factors of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, myocardial dysfunction, ischemia and omega-3 index associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with coronary artery disease. The study involved 158 patients who were admitted to the hospital to undergo CABG surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 comprised 111 patients without POAF (82% males, median age—62.0 (56.0; 66.0) years), and group 2 comprised 47 patients with POAF (84.4% males, median age—65.0 (61.0; 70.0) years). POAF occurred 5.2 (2.0; 7.0) days after CABG. In all the patients, we evaluated laboratory tests before and 3–4 days after CABG. All the patients also underwent echocardiography. According to results of multifactorial regression analysis, the odds ratio of POAF development for left atrial diameter >41 mm was 4.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–9.7, p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-6 postoperative levels >22.07 pg/mL—3.0 (95% CI 1.4–8.2, p = 0.006), IL-8 postoperative levels >9.67 pg/mL—2.3 (95% CI 1.2–7.3, p = 0.006), superoxide dismutase postoperative levels in plasma >1100.5 U/g—3.2 (95% CI 1.4–9.2, p = 0.03), glutathione postoperative levels ≤0.194 micromole/g of hemoglobin—1.9 (95% CI 1.2–6.3, p < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase postoperative levels ≤17.36 millimole/g of hemoglobin—2.2 (95% CI 1.1–8.2, p < 0.001), glutathione reductase postoperative levels ≤2.99 millimole/g of hemoglobin—2.3 (95% CI, 1.1–5.7, p < 0.001), malondialdehyde postoperative levels >1.25 micromole/g of hemoglobin—2.0 (95% CI, 1.2–7.9, p < 0.001), NO postoperative levels in plasma >36.4 micromole/L—1.5 (95% CI, 1.1–5.9, p < 0.001) and omega-3 index ≤1.59%—2.6 (95% CI 1.5–9.1, p < 0.001). Our study showed that increased left atrial diameter, high postoperative levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, fibrosis indicators and omega-3 index were associated with POAF in patients who underwent CABG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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16 pages, 2417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C Score Predicts Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

by Nicholay Teodorovich, Gera Gandelman, Michael Jonas, Yakov Fabrikant, Michael Sraia Swissa, Sara Shimoni, Jacob George and Moshe Swissa

Life 2023, 13(10), 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102026 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 841

Abstract

Background: The CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score is used to predict the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that the CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score can be used to predict mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods and Results: This was a prospective study of 990 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The median follow-up was 2294 days. The patients were categorized into two groups according to their CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score: group I had scores <4 and group II had scores ≥4 (527 (53.2%) and 463 (46.8%), respectively). A Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a significant association between the CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score and mortality (69/527 (13.1%) vs. 179/463 (38.7%) for group I vs. group II, respectively, p < 0.0001). The association remained significant in patients with and without AF, reduced and preserved LVEF, normal and reduced kidney function, and with and without ACS (p < 0.009 to p < 0.0001 for all). In the Cox regression model, which combined the CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score, the presence of AF, LVEF, anemia, and renal insufficiency, an elevated CHA₂DS₂-VAS_C score of ≥4 was independently associated with higher mortality (HR 2.12, CI 1.29–3.25, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The CHA₂DS₂VAS_C score is a simple and reliable mortality predictor in patients undergoing coronary angiography and should be used for the initial screening for such patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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14 pages, 1832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of AfterAMI Mobile App on Quality of Life, Depression, Stress and Anxiety in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Open Label, Randomized Trial

by Maria Boszko, Bartosz Krzowski, Michał Peller, Paulina Hoffman, Natalia Żurawska, Kamila Skoczylas, Gabriela Osak, Łukasz Kołtowski, Marcin Grabowski, Grzegorz Opolski and Paweł Balsam

Life 2023, 13(10), 2015; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102015 - 5 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1135

Abstract

mHealth solutions optimize cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mobile app AfterAMI on quality of life in patients after myocardial infarction. 100 participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) into groups: (1) with a rehabilitation program and access to afterAMI or (2) standard rehabilitation alone (control group, CG). 3 questionnaires (MacNew, DASS21 and EQ-5D-5L) were used at baseline, 1 month and 6 months after discharge. Median age was 61 years; 35% of patients were female. At 1 month follow up patients using AfterAMI had higher general quality of life scores both in MacNew [5.78 vs. 5.5 in CG, p = 0.037] and EQ-5D-5L [80 vs. 70 in CG, p = 0.007]. At 6 months, according to MacNew, the app group had significantly higher scores in emotional [6.09 vs. 5.45 in CG, p= 0.017] and physical [6.2 vs. 6 in CG, p = 0.027] aspects. The general MacNew quality of life score was also higher in the AfterAMI group [6.11 vs. 5.7 in CG, p = 0.015], but differences in EQ-5D-5L were not significant. There were no differences between groups in the DASS21 questionnaire. mHealth interventions may improve quality of care in secondary prevention, however further studies are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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Review

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28 pages, 2625 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Immunity on Coronary Artery Disease: An Updated Pathogenic Interplay and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

by Nicola Laera, Paolo Malerba, Gaetano Vacanti, Simone Nardin, Matteo Pagnesi and Matteo Nardin

Life 2023, 13(11), 2128; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112128 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1816

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is a result of the buildup of atherosclerosis within the coronary arteries. The role of the immune system in CAD is complex and multifaceted. The immune system responds to damage or injury to the arterial walls by initiating an inflammatory response. However, this inflammatory response can become chronic and lead to plaque formation. Neutrophiles, macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NKT cells play a key role in immunity response, both with proatherogenic and antiatherogenic signaling pathways. Recent findings provide new roles and activities referring to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, which help to clarify the intricate signaling crosstalk between the involved actors. Research is ongoing to explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the pathogenic interplay between immunity and CAD and the potential therapeutic strategies, and explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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14 pages, 1227 KiB

Open AccessReview

Revascularization and Left Ventricular Dysfunction for ICD Eligibility

by Letizia Rosa Romano, Carmen Anna Maria Spaccarotella, Ciro Indolfi and Antonio Curcio

Life 2023, 13(9), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091940 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1007

Abstract

Common triggers for sudden cardiac death (SCD) are transient ischemia, hemodynamic fluctuations, neurocardiovascular influences, and environmental factors. SCD occurs rapidly when sinus rhythm degenerates into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF), followed by asystole. Such progressive worsening of the cardiac rhythm is in most cases observed in the setting of ischemic heart disease and often associated with advanced left ventricular (LV) impairment. Revascularization prevents negative outcomes including SCD and heart failure (HF) due to LV dysfunction (LVD). The implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) on top of medical therapy is superior to antiarrhythmic drugs for patients with LVD and VT/VF. The beneficial effects of ICD have been demonstrated in primary prevention of SCD as well. However, yet debated is the temporal management for patients with LVD who are eligible to ICD prior to revascularization, either through percutaneous or surgical approach. Restoration of coronary blood flow has a dramatic impact on adverse LV remodeling, while it requires aggressive long-term antiplatelet therapy, which might increase complication for eventual ICD procedure when percutaneous strategy is pursued; on the other hand, when LV and/or multiorgan dysfunction is present and coronary artery bypass grafting is chosen, the overall risk is augmented, mostly in HF patients. The aims of this review are to describe the pathophysiologic benefits of revascularization, the studies addressing percutaneous, surgical or no revascularization and ICD implantation, as well as emerging defibrillation strategies for patients deemed at transient risk of SCD and/or at higher risk for transvenous ICD implantation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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13 pages, 976 KiB

Open AccessReview

Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Who Finally Benefits from Coronary Revascularization in the Modern Era? The ISCHEMIA and Interim ISCHEMIA-EXTEND Analysis

by Leonid Bershtein, Alexey Sumin, Elizaveta Zbyshevskaya, Victoria Gumerova, Darejan Tsurtsumia, Igor Kochanov, Alina Andreeva, Vartan Piltakian and Sergey Sayganov

Life 2023, 13(7), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071497 - 1 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1217

Abstract

Coronary revascularization is one of the most studied treatment modalities in cardiology; however, there is no consensus among experts about its indications in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). Contemporary data regarding the role of revascularization in SCAD are in clear conflict with the current European guidelines. This article discusses the main statements of the most significant American and European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization of the last decade and also analyzes the appropriateness of revascularization to improve the prognosis and symptoms in SCAD in the light of new research data, primarily the ISCHEMIA study (NCT01471522) and the ACC/AHA 2021 Revascularization Guidelines based on them. Data on the revascularization in SCAD obtained after the completion of ISCHEMIA (including the interim analysis of ISCHEMIA-EXTEND) and their potential significance are discussed. The results of ISCHEMIA sub-analyses in the most important “controversial” subgroups (3-vessel disease, proximal left anterior descending artery disease, strongly positive stress test, etc.) are reviewed, as are the results of the ISCHEMIA-CKD substudy in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Artery Disease from Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Postoperative Prognosis Research)

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