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Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria 3.0
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Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria 3.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 13513

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Apichai Tuanyok

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Interests: pathogenic bacteria; drug resistance; vaccine; molecular genetics and biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drug resistance is a global problem. Patients with infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are at risk of worse clinical outcomes. They may consume more health-care resources than others who are infected with non-resistant strains of the same pathogens. Resistance to carbapenems, the last resort treatment in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common intestinal bacterium that can cause life-threatening infections, has spread worldwide. K. pneumoniae is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and infections in newborns and patients in intensive-care units. Because of resistance, carbapenem antibiotics do not work in more than half of people treated for K. pneumoniae infections. Resistance in E. coli to fluoroquinolone, one of the most widely used antibiotics for treating urinary tract infections, is also pervasive. Colistin is the last resort treatment for life-threatening infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae, which are resistant to carbapenems. Resistance to colistin has recently been detected in several countries, making infections caused by these bacteria untreatable. Various mechanisms can cause drug resistance. One of the most common means involves gene mutations that potentially cause alterations in the drug targets so that the drugs cannot bind the targets. Another common mechanism consists of the expression of higher levels of the targets. The genes responsible for these mechanisms may be chromosomally encoded, or transmissible through plasmids and transposons. In this Special Issue, we plan to continue collecting original research articles, short communications, or review articles discussing bacterial resistance mechanisms' genetic and molecular basis.

Dr. Apichai Tuanyok
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbapenem
  • fluoroquinolone
  • colistin
  • cephalosporin
  • drug target
  • antibiotic resistance
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Acinetobacter
  • Burkholderia
  • beta-lactamase

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1078 KiB  
Article
Specific Amino Acid Substitutions in OXA-51-Type β-Lactamase Enhance Catalytic Activity to a Level Comparable to Carbapenemase OXA-23 and OXA-24/40
by Kwan-Wai Chan, Chen-Yu Liu, Ho-Yin Wong, Wai-Chi Chan, Kwok-Yin Wong and Sheng Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4496; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094496 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1635
Abstract
The chromosomal blaOXA-51-type gene encodes carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs), specific variants shown to mediate carbapenem resistance in the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aims to characterize the effect of key amino acid substitutions in OXA-51 variants of [...] Read more.
The chromosomal blaOXA-51-type gene encodes carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs), specific variants shown to mediate carbapenem resistance in the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aims to characterize the effect of key amino acid substitutions in OXA-51 variants of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) on substrate catalysis. Mutational and structural analyses indicated that each of the L167V, W222G, or I129L substitutions contributed to an increase in catalytic activity. The I129L mutation exhibited the most substantial effect. The combination of W222G and I129L substitutions exhibited an extremely strong catalytic enhancement effect in OXA-66, resulting in higher activity than OXA-23 and OXA-24/40 against carbapenems. These findings suggested that specific arrangement of residues in these three important positions in the intrinsic OXA-51 type of enzyme can generate variants that are even more active than known CHDLs. Likewise, mutation leading to the W222M change also causes a significant increase in the catalytic activity of OXA-51. blaOXA-51 gene in A. baumannii may likely continue to evolve, generating mutant genes that encode carbapenemase with extremely strong catalytic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria 3.0)
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Review

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34 pages, 5734 KiB  
Review
Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance—A Short Story of an Endless Arms Race
by Aleksandra Baran, Aleksandra Kwiatkowska and Leszek Potocki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065777 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 11321
Abstract
Despite the undisputed development of medicine, antibiotics still serve as first-choice drugs for patients with infectious disorders. The widespread use of antibiotics results from a wide spectrum of their actions encompassing mechanisms responsible for: the inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, the disruption [...] Read more.
Despite the undisputed development of medicine, antibiotics still serve as first-choice drugs for patients with infectious disorders. The widespread use of antibiotics results from a wide spectrum of their actions encompassing mechanisms responsible for: the inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, the disruption of cell membrane integrity, the suppression of nucleic acids and/or proteins synthesis, as well as disturbances of metabolic processes. However, the widespread availability of antibiotics, accompanied by their overprescription, acts as a double-edged sword, since the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics leads to a growing number of multidrug-resistant microbes. This, in turn, has recently emerged as a global public health challenge facing both clinicians and their patients. In addition to intrinsic resistance, bacteria can acquire resistance to particular antimicrobial agents through the transfer of genetic material conferring resistance. Amongst the most common bacterial resistance strategies are: drug target site changes, increased cell wall permeability to antibiotics, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps. A better understanding of the interplay between the mechanisms of antibiotic actions and bacterial defense strategies against particular antimicrobial agents is crucial for developing new drugs or drug combinations. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the current nanomedicine-based strategies that aim to improve the efficacy of antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria 3.0)
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