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Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture

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A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Fish Pathology and Parasitology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 18354

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qian Gao

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Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Interests: fish disease; fish immunology; humoral immunity; healthy aquaculture
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Dr. Jiasong Xie

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Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: aquaculture; fish; disease; cytokine; comparative immunology
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Dr. Yinnan Mu

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College of marine sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
Interests: fish immunology; fish disease and its control
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Dr. Pengfei Zou

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Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Interests: aquaculture; fish immunology; Innate immunity; pattern recognition receptors; comparative immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Bei Wang

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College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Interests: fish bacteriology; vaccines for fishing; fish immunology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fish is an important food for humans, providing essential nutrients and playing a key role in global food security. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites are a major problem in aquaculture, threatening the stability between animal health and welfare, food quality, and the sustainability of the industry. In modern intensive aquaculture, the maintenance of large numbers of fish in a small area provides a relatively unnatural and stressful environment conducive to the outbreaks of infectious diseases. Therefore, understanding the innate and adaptive immune responses of fish to various pathogens is important for developing therapeutic and preventive measures to eradicate or mitigate pathogen proliferation. This Special Issue aims to publish contributions on fish–pathogen interactions, particularly the innate and adaptive immune response to important pathogens, and to develop novel and effective strategies to protect fish health from severe infectious diseases.

Prof. Dr. Qian Gao
Dr. Jiasong Xie
Dr. Yinnan Mu
Dr. Pengfei Zou
Prof. Dr. Bei Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

fish
host–pathogen interaction
immune system
adaptive immune
innate immune

Related Special Issue

Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture—2nd Edition in Fishes

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on Transcriptome and Survival of Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂ × Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀) in Response to Aeromonas hydrophila Challenge

by Tingshuang Pan, Min Yang, He Jiang, Tong Li, Guoqing Duan, Jun Ling and Qian Gao

Fishes 2023, 8(9), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090454 - 10 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 939

Abstract

Intensive culturing of hybrid yellow catfish (Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂ × Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀) has increased their mortality. Astragalus membranaceus has been used as an immune stimulant and antioxidant in fish for several years. A. membranaceus was decocted and mixed with the diet. After feeding for 28 d, the hybrid yellow catfish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. To better understand the function of A. membranaceus in the defense of hybrid yellow catfish against A. hydrophila, we analyzed the spleen transcriptome data and relative percentage survival (RPS). There were 396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the A. membranaceus and control groups at 24 h after A. hydrophila stimulation, including 263 upregulated and 133 downregulated DEGs. A significant enrichment of DEGs was found in the A. membranaceus group when the GO enrichment terms in the spleen were analyzed. The qRTPCRresults for the five upregulated and two downregulated DEGs from the spleen, intestine, and liver were consistent with the transcriptome data. The relative percentage survival of A. membranaceus was 85.71% after the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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17 pages, 8600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Flagellar Gene fliL on the Virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida to Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)

by Lian Shi, Junjie Zhang, Lingmin Zhao, Qi Li, Lixing Huang, Yingxue Qin and Qingpi Yan

Fishes 2023, 8(8), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080397 - 1 Aug 2023

Viewed by 955

Abstract

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the pathogen of visceral white spot disease in marine fish, which usually occurs at 16–19 °C and has resulted in heavy economic losses. Our previous RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of the fliL gene in P. plecoglossicida was significantly up-regulated during infection of the host. In order to study the influence of the fliL gene on the virulence of P. plecoglossicida, the fliL gene of the NZBD9 strain was knocked out by the homologous recombination method, the fliL gene-deleted strain (ΔfliL strain) constructed, and complemented the fliL gene to the ΔfliL strain to obtain the C-ΔfliL strain. The growth curves of the NZBD9 strain, ΔfliL strain, and C-ΔfliL strain did not show significant differences. Compared with the NZBD9 strain, the motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation ability were tendered in the ΔfliL strain (p < 0.05); the complement of the fliL gene enhanced these abilities to the level of the NZBD9 strain. The results of artificial infection experiments showed that the LD₅₀ of NZBD9 strain, ΔfliL strain, and C-ΔfliL strain in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) were 5.0 × 10³ CFU/fish, 6.3 × 10⁴ CFU/fish, and 1.3 × 10³ CFU/fish, respectively. RNA sequencing was performed on wild-type strains and ΔfliL strains. A total of 126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (p < 0.05), of which 114 were downregulated and 12 were upcontrolled, among which several genes related to the six-type secretion system and transport activity were significantly downregulated. The DEGs were aligned to the GO and KEGG databases and enriched to 44 GO pathways and 39 KEGG pathways, respectively. The active pathways of ABC transporters were significantly enriched in both databases. These results indicate that the fliL gene is related to the movement, biofilm formation, and adhesion ability of P. plecoglossicida, and may reduce virulence by affecting substance transport and bacterial secretion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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16 pages, 4576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of NLRC3-like, ASC, and Caspase1 in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

by Shuya Yuan, Zhaosheng Sun, Qian Gao, Zhen Li, Zhitao Qi, Sidi Zheng and Danjie Liu

Fishes 2023, 8(7), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8070378 - 21 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 969

Abstract

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family members are innate immune sensors involved in the recognition of highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) is a critical adaptor molecule in multiple inflammasome protein complexes, mediating inflammation and host defense. Caspase1, an inflammatory caspase, has been documented to play important roles in the innate immune system. In this study, we identified and characterized NLRC3-like, ASC, and Caspase1 (referred to as LmNLRC3L, LmASC, and LmCaspase1) from the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). A sequence analysis revealed that LmNLRC3L, LmASC, and LmCaspase1 shared similar features with their fish counterparts. LmNLRC3L contained a FISNA domain, a NACHT domain, and four LRR motifs, followed by a C-terminal fish-specific B30.2 domain. LmASC possessed a PYRIN domain for interacting with inflammasome sensor proteins, as well as a CARD domain. LmCaspase1 had a CARD domain at its N-terminus and a CASC domain at its C-terminus. These three genes were ubiquitously distributed in the liver, spleen, head kidney, gill, intestine, skin, muscle, and brain. They share similar expression patterns, and all demonstrate the highest level of expression in the gill. We analyzed the expression changes in genes in the spleen, gill, and head kidney after stimulation experiments in vivo. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the expression levels of these three genes were significantly upregulated in the short term, followed by significant downregulation at 48 and 72 h in some examined tissues. Following Edwardsiella tarda infection, these three genes were upregulated in various tissues. However, the expressions of these three genes were not affected by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) stimulation. Overall, our results indicate that these three genes are involved in the immune response against bacterial infection in the spotted sea bass, providing the foothold for understanding the immune function and mechanism of the fish inflammasome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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17 pages, 4266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Four Janus Kinases (JAK1, JAK2a, JAK3 and TYK2) from Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

by Yushuai Xie, Mingqu Chen, Pengfu Han, Xiang Liang, Meng Yang, Zhuanling Lu and Youchuan Wei

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050245 - 8 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, is a perciform fish with great economic value and is widely cultured in the coastal areas of China. The wide occurrence of bacterial, parasitic and viral diseases has seriously threatened the sustainable development of the golden pompano culture industry. Janus kinases (JAKs) play important roles in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses, antiviral immune responses, autoimmune responses and disease pathologies. The present study aimed to obtain the full-length cDNA sequences of JAKs (JAK1, JAK2a, JAK3 and TYK2) from golden pompano and investigate their roles following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Vibrio alginolyticus using RT-PCR, RACE-PCR and real-time qPCR methods. All four JAK proteins of golden pompano shared similar conserved domains, had high identities and clustered well with their teleost counterparts in phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, these four genes were expressed in all examined tissues from healthy fish and induced in head kidney (HK), spleen, liver and gill post LPS, poly I:C and V. alginolyticus stimulation. Knowledge of the roles of JAKs in the immune response to different microbial pathogens provides a basis for further understanding of these functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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15 pages, 4600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) during In Vitro Viral Infection

by Riming Wu, Jinze Li, Zhenyu Liang, Honglin Han, Jufen Tang, Yu Huang, Bei Wang, Jichang Jian and Jia Cai

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050231 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1211

Abstract

SNX5 is a protein that is involved in endosomal sorting, signal transduction and endocytosis pathways. However, the roles of fish SNX5 were largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SNX5 homolog (EcSNX5) from an orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) and investigated its role during viral infection. EcSNX5 encoded 412 amino acids with a PX domain and a BAR domain. In addition, it shared high identities with other known fish SNX5. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the high expression of EcSNX5 was observed in the head, kidney and heart. After stimulation with the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) in vitro, EcSNX5 expression was significantly induced. After RGNNV infection in vitro, EcSNX5 overexpression enhanced the expression of RGNNV genes, including coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). EcSNX5 knockdown downregulates expression of CP and RdRp. The TCID₅₀ assay showed a higher viral titer when EcSNX5 is over expressed. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression could reduce the expression of interferon genes (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, MX1, ISG15, ISG56, MDA5 and TRIF) and inflammatory genes (IL6, IL8, IL-1β and TNF-α). EcSNX5 knockdown could promote the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression suppresses the expression of autophagy genes (LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG16L1) and upregulates the expression of apoptosis genes (Bax, BNIP3), but EcSNX5 knockdown had the opposite effect. According to the subcellular localization, EcSNX5 is localized in the cytoplasm and co-localizaed with RGNNV CP protein. The results showed EcSNX5 can influence viral infections by regulating the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors as well as adjusting virus-induced autophagy. These data will contribute to a better understanding of the immune response of fish during virus infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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12 pages, 2797 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Identification of Mycobacterium chelonae from Lined Seahorse Hippocampus erectus and Histopathological Analysis

by Xiaohui Bai, Shuang Hao, Jianping Fu, Hanchang Sun and Zhang Luo

Fishes 2023, 8(5), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050225 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1453

Abstract

The lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) is an aquacultural species in China and has important economic and ornamental value. However, the species is affected by disease, which restricts their large-scale cultivation. In 2021, a disease was observed in cultured seahorses in Tianjin, China, with a cumulative mortality rate of 20%. The symptoms observed in the moribund seahorse included a weak swimming capacity, discolored body surface, enlarged liver and kidneys, and numerous white nodules in the parenchymatous organs. The strains HM-2021-1 and HM-2021-2 were isolated from diseased seahorses and were identified as being responsible for the disease. It demonstrated the potential to infect seahorse, and the cumulative mortalities of the seahorses artificially infected with strains HM-2021-1 and HM-2021-2 were 93.3% and 90.0%. The pathogen was identified as Mycobacterium chelonae based on physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA, rpoB, and Hsp65 gene sequence analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of M. chelonae associated with diseased seahorses in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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13 pages, 2926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cinnamaldehyde Decreases the Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation

by Shengping Li, Shun Zhou, Qiuhong Yang, Yongtao Liu, Yibin Yang, Ning Xu, Xiaohui Ai and Jing Dong

Fishes 2023, 8(3), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030122 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1698

Abstract

Antibiotics were the main fishery drugs for treating Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection, which would generate selective pressure and result in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system provides a new alternative strategy against A. hydrophila infection. QS inhibitors can reduce bacterial virulence behaviors by disrupting QS, which has no effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, we studied the effect of cinnamaldehyde from a natural plant extract on the QS of A. hydrophila aiming to reduce its pathogenicity. The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against A. hydrophila was evaluated from various aspects, including the effects on aerolysin, lipase, protease, swarming motility, biofilm formation, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and QS-related genes. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could decrease the virulence phenotypes of A. hydrophila regulated by QS. Moreover, the transcriptions of related genes (aerA, ahyR, and ahyI) were downregulated following the addition of cinnamaldehyde. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic assays show that cinnamaldehyde could reduce the aerolysin-mediated A549 cell injury and increase the survival rate of crucian carp infected with A. hydrophila. These results indicate that cinnamaldehyde would be a candidate QS inhibitor against A. hydrophila infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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16 pages, 2943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Case of Mycobacteriosis in Cultured Japanese Seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) in Southern China

by Zengchao Huang, Liwen Xu, Shiping Yang, Shuanghu Cai, Jichang Jian and Yucong Huang

Fishes 2023, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010033 - 3 Jan 2023

Viewed by 3375

Abstract

Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) is an important species of cultured marine fish with high economic value in China. Nevertheless, from May to November 2019, mass mortality among cultured Japanese seabass occurred in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province of China. Approximately 0.2–0.5% mortality was recorded daily, and the cumulative mortality was up to 30% during this disease outbreak. In this study, the clinical signs and pathological characteristics of diseased fish were investigated. Furthermore, the pathogenicity and antibiotic sensitivity of identified pathogenic bacteria from diseased fish were analyzed. The infected fish showed clinical signs of uncoordinated swimming; anorexia; pigment changes; and a number of 1–5 mm grayish-white nodules in the liver, spleen, and kidney tissues was also found. A bacterial strain, which was designated as ZHLJ2019, was isolated from the diseased fish. To ensure that ZHLJ2019 isolate was the causative agent, a Koch postulate trial was performed. Healthy Japanese seabass were infected by the intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 10⁴, 5 × 10⁵ and 5 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, and cumulative mortalities within 42 days were 75%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The bacteria colony had traditional morphological and biochemical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium marinum. Phylogenetic molecular analyses of 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65, erp, and ITS genes confirmed that the isolated strain ZHLJ2019 was M. marinum. The granulomatous inflammation in internal organs of Japanese seabass naturally and experimentally infected with ZHLJ2019 isolate was consistent with the classic pathological features of mycobacteriosis. Drug susceptibility of ZHLJ2019 isolate to 11 antibiotics was determined by broth dilution method in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of minocycline, rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid, streptomycin, doxycycline hydrochloride, kanamycin sulfate, levofloxacin, roxithromycin, and prothionamide against the strain ZHLJ2019 were 4, 2, 8, 4, 16, 8, 8, 8, 4, and 8 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study suggest that M. marinum is the causal agent responsible for the morbidity and mortality of Japanese seabass cultured in intensive brackish water dirt ponds in southern China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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18 pages, 3217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Growth, Muscle Composition, Hepatopancreas Histology, Immune Responses and Microcystin-LR Resistance of Juvenile Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

by Yao-Peng Lu, Pei-Hua Zheng, Jia-Rui Xu, Yan-Lei Cao, Jun-Tao Li, Chen-Guang Hao, Ze-Long Zhang, Jian-An Xian, Xiu-Xia Zhang and An-Li Wang

Fishes 2023, 8(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010020 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1971

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). A total number of 720 red claw crayfish (initial body weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed diets containing 0 (Diet 1), 0.5 (Diet 2), 1 (Diet 3), 2 (Diet 4), 4 (Diet 5) and 10 (Diet 6) g dry weight (dw) ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diets for eight weeks and challenged with microcystin-LR stress. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet could significantly improve the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish. Muscle crude protein contents of crayfish fed Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, dietary ELE could increase total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level of crayfish. Dietary ELE significantly increased the relative expression levels of SOD, thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), GPx, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and C-type lysozyme (C-LZM) mRNA of crayfish compared with the control group during the feeding experiment. When subjected to MC-LR stress for 48 h, the mRNA expression levels of SOD, GPx, Se-GPx, glutathione-s-transferase 1 (GST1), ALF, hemocyanin (HEM), and C-LZM in the hepatopancreas could be improved to varying degrees compared with the Diet 1. Supplementation of 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet could improve the survival rate (SR) of crayfish under MC-LR stress. These results indicated that dietary ELE (1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet) could improve the growth performance, muscle protein, and non-specific immune response and increase the SR of crayfish under MC-LR stress by regulating the mRNA expression levels of the immune- and antioxidant-related genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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10 pages, 4510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii, the Causal Agent of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in China

by Gaixiao Qin, Jin Xu, Xiaohui Ai and Yibin Yang

Fishes 2022, 7(6), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060394 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2090

Abstract

Herein, we isolated the pathogenic strain ZZ051 from hemorrhagic channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Physiological and biochemical identification, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and MALDI-TOF-MS showed that the ZZ051 strain was Aeromonas veronii. After artificial infection, the diseased fish showed symptoms similar to the natural disease, and the characteristics of the bacteria reisolated from the tissues were the same as those of the original infection, indicating that the isolated strain ZZ051 was the pathogen responsible for the channel catfish disease. The ZZ051 isolate was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin but resistant to florfenicol. This study provided a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling hemorrhagic disease in channel catfish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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14 pages, 4707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Characterization of Heme Oxygenase-1 from Litopenaeus vannamei Involved in Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptosis under Ammonia Stress

by Yongxiong Huang, Qi Li, Shiping Yang, Yunhao Yuan, Zhiqiang Zhang, Baijian Jiang, Jing Lv, Jian Zhong and Jichang Jian

Fishes 2022, 7(6), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060356 - 28 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1249

Abstract

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, the HO-1 gene from Litopenaeus vannamei (Lv-HO-1) was identified. The open reading frame of Lv-HO-1 is 747 bp, encoding a peptide of 248 amino acids as well as a conserved HemO structural domain. Lv-HO-1 is 70–90% homological to crustaceans and about 50% homological to arthropods. The transcript levels of Lv-HO-1 were highest in the hepatopancreas and lower in other tissues. Knockdown of Lv-HO-1 led to structural destruction of the hepatopancreas. After ammonia exposure, Lv-HO-1 was significantly induced. Knockdown of Lv-HO-1 during ammonia exposure resulted in a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity and cellular autophagy levels compared to the control and increased apoptosis. The transcriptional levels of SOD and GSH-Px were considerably reduced (p < 0.05), as were the transcriptional levels of Atg3, Atg4, Atg5, and Atg10. The results indicated that Lv-HO-1 from L. vannamei can be induced by oxidative stress and may have important roles in regulating the host antioxidant system, reducing cell apoptosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture)

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