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Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems
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Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 49934

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Luis Martinez-Salamero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electronic, Electrical and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
Interests: power electronics; nonlinear control of converters and drives; power conditioning for renewable energy; electric vehicles and satellites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor invites you to submit your contributions to a Special Issue of Energies devoted to “Sliding-Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems”. Sliding-mode control (SMC) is increasingly used in power electronics due to its accurate dynamic analysis, fast resulting response, and inherent robustness in front of parametric changes. Its applications in renewable energies range from the control of micro-inverters in solar systems to the regulation of bidirectional battery chargers in electric vehicles (EVs). It is also used in wind energy conversion systems (WECS), fuel-cell internal regulation, distributed maximum power point trackers in photovoltaic systems (PVS), and power supplies for efficient lighting.

The Special Issue will focus on new results and applications of sliding-mode control of power converters inserted in renewable energy systems (RES). Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, SMC of/for:

-  Micro-inverters for RES
-  Power converters for constant power loads
-  Bidirectional converters for EVs
-  Modular nanogrids for RES
-  Unity power factor rectifiers
-  Differential power processing in PVS
-  Power supplies for efficient lighting
-  High performance motor drives for EVs
-  Synchronous and induction generators for WECS
-  Fuel cells for EVs

Prof. Luis Martinez-Salamero
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sliding-mode control
  • power converters (DC-DC, DC-AC, AC-DC)
  • renewable energy systems
  • electric vehicles
  • motor drives

Published Papers (16 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 12682 KiB  
Article
A Dual-Stator Winding Induction Generator Based Wind-Turbine Controlled via Super-Twisting Sliding Mode
by Juan I. Talpone, Paul F. Puleston, Marcelo G. Cendoya and José. A. Barrado-Rodrigo
Energies 2019, 12(23), 4478; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234478 - 25 Nov 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4715
Abstract
The dual-stator winding induction generator (DWIG) is a promising electrical machine for wind energy conversion systems, especially in the low/mid power range. Based on previous successful results utilising feed forward control, in this article, a super-twisting (ST) sliding mode improved control set-up is [...] Read more.
The dual-stator winding induction generator (DWIG) is a promising electrical machine for wind energy conversion systems, especially in the low/mid power range. Based on previous successful results utilising feed forward control, in this article, a super-twisting (ST) sliding mode improved control set-up is developed to maximise power extraction during low wind regimes. To accomplish this objective, via constant volts/hertz implementation, a ST controller was designed to command the DWIG control winding, such that the tip-speed ratio is robustly maintained at its optimal value. The proposed super-twisting control set-up was experimentally assessed to analyse its performance and to verify its efficiency in an actual generation test bench. The results showed a fast convergence to maximum power operation, avoiding chattering and offsets due to model uncertainties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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15 pages, 8607 KiB  
Article
Design of a Continuous Signal Generator Based on Sliding Mode Control of Three-Phase AC-DC Power Converters
by Yazan M. Alsmadi, Isaac Chairez and Vadim Utkin
Energies 2019, 12(23), 4468; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234468 - 23 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2913
Abstract
In recent years, hundreds of technical papers have been published which describe the use of sliding mode control (SMC) techniques for power electronic equipment and electrical drives. SMC with discontinuous control actions has the potential to circumvent parameter variation effects with low implementation [...] Read more.
In recent years, hundreds of technical papers have been published which describe the use of sliding mode control (SMC) techniques for power electronic equipment and electrical drives. SMC with discontinuous control actions has the potential to circumvent parameter variation effects with low implementation complexity. The problem of controlling time-varying DC loads has been studied in literature if three-phase input voltage sources are available. The conventional approach implies the design of a three-phase AC/DC converter with a constant output voltage. Then, an additional DC/DC converter is utilized as an additional stage in the output of the converter to generate the required voltage for the load. A controllable AC/DC converter is always used to have a high quality of the consumed power. The aim of this study is to design a controlled continuous signal generator based on the sliding mode control of a three-phase AC-DC power converter, which yields the production of continuous variations of the output DC voltage. A sliding mode current tracking system is designed with reference phase currents proportional to the source voltage. The proportionality time-varying gain is selected such that the output voltage is equal to the desired time function. The proposed new topology also offers the capability to get rid of the additional DC/DC power converter and produces the desired time-varying control function in the output of AC/DC power converter. The effectiveness of the proposed control design is demonstrated through a wide range of MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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15 pages, 9030 KiB  
Article
Sliding Mode Based Control of Dual Boost Inverter for Grid Connection
by Diana Lopez-Caiza, Freddy Flores-Bahamonde, Samir Kouro, Victor Santana, Nicolás Müller and Andrii Chub
Energies 2019, 12(22), 4241; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224241 - 7 Nov 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3490
Abstract
Single-stage voltage step-up inverters, such as the Dual Boost Inverter (DBI), have a large operating range imposed by the high step-up voltage ratio, which together with the converter of non-linearities, makes them a challenge to control. This is particularly the case for grid-connected [...] Read more.
Single-stage voltage step-up inverters, such as the Dual Boost Inverter (DBI), have a large operating range imposed by the high step-up voltage ratio, which together with the converter of non-linearities, makes them a challenge to control. This is particularly the case for grid-connected applications, where several cascaded and independent control loops are necessary for each converter of the DBI. This paper presents a global current control method based on a combination of a linear proportional resonant controller and a non-linear sliding mode controller that simplifies the controller design and implementation. The proposed control method is validated using a grid-connected laboratory prototype. Experimental results show the correct performance of the controller and compliance with power quality standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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22 pages, 15965 KiB  
Article
Control of Output and Circulating Current of Modular Multilevel Converter Using a Sliding Mode Approach
by Waqar Uddin, Kamran Zeb, Muhammad Adil Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq, Imran Khan, Saif ul Islam, Hee-Je Kim, Gwan Soo Park and Cheewoo Lee
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4084; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214084 - 25 Oct 2019
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3236
Abstract
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been prominently used in medium- and high-power applications. This paper presents the control of output and circulating current of MMC using sliding mode control (SMC). The design of the proposed controller and the relation between control parameters [...] Read more.
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been prominently used in medium- and high-power applications. This paper presents the control of output and circulating current of MMC using sliding mode control (SMC). The design of the proposed controller and the relation between control parameters and validity condition are based on the system dynamics. The proposed designed controller enables the system to track its reference values. The controller is designed to control both output current and circulating current along with suppression of second harmonics contents in circulating current. Furthermore, the capacitor voltage and energy of the converter are also regulated. The control of output current is carried out in d q -axis as well as in α β − a x i s with first-order switching law. However, a second-order switching law-based super twisting algorithm is used for controlling circulating current and suppression of its second harmonics contents. The stability of the controlled system is numerically calculated and verified by Lyapunov stability conditions. Moreover, the simulation results of the proposed controller are critically compared with the conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed controller attains faster dynamic response and minimizes steady-state error comparatively. The simulation of the MMC model is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 1857 KiB  
Article
Stability Criteria for Input Filter Design in Converters with CPL: Applications in Sliding Mode Controlled Power Systems
by Jorge Luis Anderson Azzano, Jerónimo J. Moré and Paul F. Puleston
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4048; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214048 - 24 Oct 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
Microgrids are versatile systems for integration of renewable energy sources and non-conventional storage devices. Sliding Mode techniques grant excellent features of robustness controlling power conditioning systems, making them highly suitable for microgrid applications. However, problems may arise when a converter is set to [...] Read more.
Microgrids are versatile systems for integration of renewable energy sources and non-conventional storage devices. Sliding Mode techniques grant excellent features of robustness controlling power conditioning systems, making them highly suitable for microgrid applications. However, problems may arise when a converter is set to behave as a Constant Power Load (CPL). These issues manifest in the stability of internal dynamics (or Zero Dynamics), which is determined by the input filter of the power module. In this paper, a special Lyapunov analysis is conducted to address the nonlinear internal dynamics of SM controlled power modules with CPL. It takes advantage of a Liérnad-type description, establishing stability conditions and providing a secure operation region. These conditions are translated into conductance and invariant region diagrams, turning them into tools for the design of power module filters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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18 pages, 4403 KiB  
Article
Adaptive-Gain Second-Order Sliding Mode Direct Power Control for Wind-Turbine-Driven DFIG under Balanced and Unbalanced Grid Voltage
by Yaozhen Han and Ronglin Ma
Energies 2019, 12(20), 3886; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203886 - 14 Oct 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2372
Abstract
In a wind turbine system, a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with nonlinear and high-dimensional dynamics, is generally subjected to unbalanced grid voltage and unknown uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel adaptive-gain second-order sliding mode direct power control (AGSOSM-DPC) strategy for a wind-turbine-driven DFIG, [...] Read more.
In a wind turbine system, a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with nonlinear and high-dimensional dynamics, is generally subjected to unbalanced grid voltage and unknown uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel adaptive-gain second-order sliding mode direct power control (AGSOSM-DPC) strategy for a wind-turbine-driven DFIG, valid for both balanced and unbalanced grid voltage. The AGSOSM-DPC control scheme is presented in detail to restrain rotor voltage chattering and deal with the scenario of unknown uncertainty upper bound. Stator current harmonics and electromagnetic torque ripples can be simultaneously restrained without phase-locked loop (PLL) and phase sequence decomposition using new active power expression. Adaptive control gains are deduced based on the Lyapunov stability method. Comparative simulations under three DPC schemes are executed on a 2-MW DFIG under both balanced and unbalanced grid voltage. The proposed strategy achieved active and reactive power regulation under a two-phase stationary reference frame for both balanced and unbalanced grid voltage. An uncertainty upper bound is not needed in advance, and the sliding mode control chattering is greatly restrained. The simulation results verify the effectiveness, robustness, and superiority of the AGSOSM-DPC strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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24 pages, 9159 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Sliding-Mode Controlled Impedance Matching Circuits for Inductive Harvesting Devices
by Juan A. Garriga-Castillo, Hugo Valderrama-Blavi, José A. Barrado-Rodrigo and Àngel Cid-Pastor
Energies 2019, 12(20), 3858; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203858 - 12 Oct 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
A sea-wave energy harvesting, articulated device is presented in this work. This hand-made, wooden device is made combining the coil windings of an array of three single transducers. Taking advantage of the sea waves sway, a linear oscillating motion is produced in each [...] Read more.
A sea-wave energy harvesting, articulated device is presented in this work. This hand-made, wooden device is made combining the coil windings of an array of three single transducers. Taking advantage of the sea waves sway, a linear oscillating motion is produced in each transducer generating an electric pulse. Magnetic fundamentals are used to deduce the electrical model of a single transducer, a solenoid-magnet device, and after the model of the whole harvesting array. The energy obtained is stored in a battery and is used to supply a stand-alone system pay-load, for instance a telecom relay or weather station. To maximize the harvested energy, an impedance matching circuit between the generator array and the system battery is required. Two dc-to-dc converters, a buck-boost hybrid cell and a Sepic converter are proposed as impedance adaptors. To achieve this purpose, sliding mode control laws are introduced to impose a loss free resistor behavior to the converters. Although some converters operating at discontinuous conduction mode, like the buck-boost converter, can exhibit also this loss free resistor behavior, they usually require a small input voltage variation range. By means of sliding mode control the loss free resistor behavior can be assured for any range of input voltage variation. After the theoretical analysis, several simulation and experimental results to compare both converters performance are given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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26 pages, 7481 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimisation-Based Tuning of Two Second-Order Sliding-Mode Controller Variants for DFIGs Connected to Non-Ideal Grid Voltage
by Ana Susperregui, Juan Manuel Herrero, Miren Itsaso Martinez, Gerardo Tapia-Otaegui and Xavier Blasco
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3782; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193782 - 5 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2608
Abstract
In this paper, a posteriori multi-objective optimisation (MOO) is applied to tune the parameters of a second-order sliding-mode control (2-SMC) scheme commanding the grid-side converter (GSC) of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) subject to unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltage. Two variants (i.e., [...] Read more.
In this paper, a posteriori multi-objective optimisation (MOO) is applied to tune the parameters of a second-order sliding-mode control (2-SMC) scheme commanding the grid-side converter (GSC) of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) subject to unbalanced and harmonically distorted grid voltage. Two variants (i.e., design concepts) of the same 2-SMC algorithm are assessed, which only differ in the format of their switching functions and which contain six and four parameters to be adjusted, respectively. A single set of parameters which stays valid for nine different operating regimes of the DFIG is also sought. As two objectives, related to control performances of grid active and reactive powers, are established for each operating regime, the optimisation process considers 18 objectives simultaneously. A six-parameter set derived in a previous work without applying MOO is taken as reference solution. MOO results reveal that both the six- and four-parameter versions can be tuned to overcome said reference solution in each and every objective, as well as showing that performances comparable to those of the six-parameter variant can be achieved by adopting the four-parameter one. Overall, the experimental results confirm the latter and prove that the performance of the reference parameter set can be significantly improved by using either of the six- or four-parameter versions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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24 pages, 14505 KiB  
Article
Sliding-Mode Approaches to Control a Microinverter Based on a Quadratic Boost Converter
by Hugo Valderrama-Blavi, Ezequiel Rodríguez-Ramos, Carlos Olalla and Xavier Genaro-Muñoz
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3697; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193697 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2437
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the dynamic features of a step-up microinverter based on the cascade connection of two synchronized boost stages and a full-bridge is presented in this work. In the conventional approach the output of the cascaded boost converter is a 350–400 [...] Read more.
A comparative analysis of the dynamic features of a step-up microinverter based on the cascade connection of two synchronized boost stages and a full-bridge is presented in this work. In the conventional approach the output of the cascaded boost converter is a 350–400 DC voltage that supplies the full-bridge that makes the DC-AC conversion. Differently from the classical approach, in this work, the cascaded boost converter delivers a sinusoidal rectified voltage of 230 Vrms to the full-bridge converter that operates as unfolding stage. This stage changes the voltage sign of one of every two periods of the rectified sinusoidal signal providing the final output AC waveform. In contrast to a classical full-bridge inverter, the unfolding stage lacks output filter, and has zero order dynamics. Thus, the approach presented here implies a second order dynamics reduction that will be increased applying sliding motions to control the system. After introducing the inverter circuit, two sliding control alternatives, input current mode and pseudo-oscillating mode, are presented. Both alternatives are analyzed, simulated, and verified experimentally. Furthermore, detailed description of the microinverter power stage and control circuits are also given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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22 pages, 5514 KiB  
Article
Sliding Mode Control of the Isolated Bridgeless SEPIC High Power Factor Rectifier Interfacing an AC Source with a LVDC Distribution Bus
by Oswaldo Lopez-Santos, Alejandro J. Cabeza-Cabeza, Germain Garcia and Luis Martinez-Salamero
Energies 2019, 12(18), 3463; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183463 - 7 Sep 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3087
Abstract
This paper deals with the analysis and design of a sliding mode-based controller to obtain high power factor (HPF) in the bridgeless isolated version of the single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) operating as a single-phase rectifier. In the work reported here, the [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the analysis and design of a sliding mode-based controller to obtain high power factor (HPF) in the bridgeless isolated version of the single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) operating as a single-phase rectifier. In the work reported here, the converter is used as a unidirectional isolated interface between an AC source and a low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution bus. The sliding-mode control is used to ensure the tracking of a high quality current reference at the input side, which is obtained from a sine waveform generator synchronized with the grid. The feasibility of the proposal is validated using simulation and experimental results, both of them confirming a reliable operation and showing good static and dynamic performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 7301 KiB  
Article
Trends and Development of Sliding Mode Control Applications for Renewable Energy Systems
by Yun Yang and Siew Chong Tan
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2861; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152861 - 25 Jul 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2329
Abstract
Based on the matured theoretical framework of sliding mode control for varied, nonlinear, and unpredictable systems, practical designs of sliding mode control have been developed to suit the purpose of controlling power converters under various operating conditions. These design guidelines are particularly valuable [...] Read more.
Based on the matured theoretical framework of sliding mode control for varied, nonlinear, and unpredictable systems, practical designs of sliding mode control have been developed to suit the purpose of controlling power converters under various operating conditions. These design guidelines are particularly valuable for emerging technologies with renewable energy sources. This paper presents a discussion on the recent development of sliding mode control applications for renewable energy systems, and further examines the current trends of achieving efficiency improvement of renewable energy systems and load protections against large overshoot/undershoot in transient states, by utilizing the fast-dynamic-tracking capability of the sliding mode control. Three comparative case studies between the sliding mode control and proportional-integral control involving, namely, a low-power wind energy conversion system, a series-series-compensated wireless power transfer system, and a multiple energy storage system in a direct current (DC) microgrid, are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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26 pages, 4837 KiB  
Article
Control of a Multiphase Buck Converter, Based on Sliding Mode and Disturbance Estimation, Capable of Linear Large Signal Operation
by Rok Pajer, Amor Chowdhury and Miran Rodič
Energies 2019, 12(14), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142790 - 19 Jul 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3929
Abstract
Power-hardware-in-the-loop systems enable testing of power converters for electric vehicles (EV) without the use of real physical components. Battery emulation is one example of such a system, demanding the use of bidirectional power flow, a wide output voltage range and high current swings. [...] Read more.
Power-hardware-in-the-loop systems enable testing of power converters for electric vehicles (EV) without the use of real physical components. Battery emulation is one example of such a system, demanding the use of bidirectional power flow, a wide output voltage range and high current swings. A multiphase synchronous DC-DC converter is appropriate to handle all of these requirements. The control of the multiphase converter needs to make sure that the current is shared equally between phases. It is preferred that the closed-loop dynamic model is linear in a wide range of output currents and voltages, where parameter variations, control signal limits, dead time effects, and so on, are compensated for. In the case presented in this paper, a cascade control structure was used with inner sliding mode control for phase currents. For the outer voltage loop, a proportional controller with output current feedforward compensation was used. Disturbance observers were used in current loops and in the voltage loop to compensate mismatches between the model and the real circuit. The tuning rules are proposed for all loops and observers, to simplify the design and assure operation without saturation of control signals, that is, duty cycle and inductor current reference. By using the proposed control algorithms and tuning rules, a linear reduced order system model was devised, which is valid for the entire operational range of the converter. The operation was verified on a prototype 4-phase synchronous DC-DC converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 32883 KiB  
Article
Digital Control of a Buck Converter Based on Input-Output Linearization. An Interpretation Using Discrete-Time Sliding Control Theory
by Enric Vidal-Idiarte, Carlos Restrepo, Abdelali El Aroudi, Javier Calvente and Roberto Giral
Energies 2019, 12(14), 2738; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142738 - 17 Jul 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
This paper presents the analysis and design of a PWM nonlinear digital control of a buck converter based on input-output linearization. The control employs a discrete-time bilinear model of the power converter for continuous conduction mode operation (CCM) to create an internal current [...] Read more.
This paper presents the analysis and design of a PWM nonlinear digital control of a buck converter based on input-output linearization. The control employs a discrete-time bilinear model of the power converter for continuous conduction mode operation (CCM) to create an internal current control loop wherein the inductor current error with respect to its reference decreases to zero in geometric progression. This internal loop is as a constant frequency discrete-time sliding mode control loop with a parameter that allows adjusting how fast the error is driven to zero. Subsequently, an outer voltage loop designed by linear techniques provides the reference of the inner current loop to regulate the converter output voltage. The two-loop control offers a fast transient response and a high regulation degree of the output voltage in front of reference changes and disturbances in the input voltage and output load. The experimental results are in good agreement with both theoretical predictions and PSIM simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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20 pages, 11668 KiB  
Article
A Loss-Free Resistor-Based Versatile Ballast for Discharge Lamps
by Hugo Valderrama-Blavi, Antonio Leon-Masich, Carlos Olalla and Àngel Cid-Pastor
Energies 2019, 12(7), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071403 - 11 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3607
Abstract
This paper presents a versatile ballast for discharge lamps, whose operation is based on the notion of a loss-free resistor (LFR). The ballast consists of two stages: (1) a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and exhibiting an LFR behavior imposed [...] Read more.
This paper presents a versatile ballast for discharge lamps, whose operation is based on the notion of a loss-free resistor (LFR). The ballast consists of two stages: (1) a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and exhibiting an LFR behavior imposed by sliding-mode control; and (2) a resonant inverter supplying the discharge lamp at high frequencies. Thanks to this mode of operation, the power transferred to the lamp is regulated by the LFR input resistance, allowing successful ignition, warm-up, nominal, and dimming operation of a range of discharge lamps, with no need for complex regulation schemes based on lamp models. The versatility of the ballast has been experimentally proven for both conventional and electrodeless discharge lamps. Tests include induction electrodeless fluorescent (IEFL), high-pressure sodium (HPS) vapor, and metal-halide lamps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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27 pages, 14521 KiB  
Article
Fixed Switching Frequency Digital Sliding-Mode Control of DC-DC Power Supplies Loaded by Constant Power Loads with Inrush Current Limitation Capability
by Abdelali El Aroudi, Blanca Areli Martínez-Treviño, Enric Vidal-Idiarte and Angel Cid-Pastor
Energies 2019, 12(6), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061055 - 19 Mar 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4276
Abstract
This paper proposes a digital sliding-mode controller for a DC-DC boost converter under constant power-loading conditions. The controller has been designed in two steps: the first step is to reach the sliding-mode regime while ensuring inrush current limiting; and the second one is [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a digital sliding-mode controller for a DC-DC boost converter under constant power-loading conditions. The controller has been designed in two steps: the first step is to reach the sliding-mode regime while ensuring inrush current limiting; and the second one is to move the system to the desired operating point. By imposing sliding-mode regime, the equivalent control and the discrete-time large-signal dynamic model of this system are derived. The analysis shows that unlike with a resistive load, the boost converter under a fixed-frequency digital sliding-mode current control with external voltage loop open and loaded by a constant power load, is unstable. Furthermore, as with a resistive load, the system presents a right-half plane zero in the control-to-output transfer function. After that, an outer controller is designed in the z-domain for system stabilization and output voltage regulation. The results show that the system exhibits good performance in startup in terms of inrush current limiting and in transient response due to load and input voltage disturbances. Numerical simulations from a detailed switched model are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. An experimental prototype is implemented to verify the mathematical analysis and the numerical simulation, which results in a perfect agreement in small-signal and steady-state behavior but also in a small discrepancy in the current limitation due a small propagation delay. Some efficient solutions have been proposed to mitigate the inrush current in the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Sliding Mode Output Regulation for a Boost Power Converter
by Jorge Rivera, Susana Ortega-Cisneros and Florentino Chavira
Energies 2019, 12(5), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12050879 - 6 Mar 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
This work deals with the novel application of the sliding mode (discontinuous) output regulation theory to a nonlinear electrical circuit, the so-called boost power converter. This theory has excelled due to the fact that trajectory tracking plays a central role. The control of [...] Read more.
This work deals with the novel application of the sliding mode (discontinuous) output regulation theory to a nonlinear electrical circuit, the so-called boost power converter. This theory has excelled due to the fact that trajectory tracking plays a central role. The control of a boost power converter for the output tracking of a DC biased sinusoidal signal is a challenging problem for control engineers. The main difficulties are the computation of a proper reference signal for the inductor current, and the stabilization of the inductor current dynamics or to guarantee the correct output tracking of the capacitor voltage. With the application of the discontinuous output regulation these problems are solved in this work. Simulations and real time experiments were carried out with an unknown variation of the DC input voltage, where the good output tracking of the capacitor voltage was verified along with the stabilization of the inductor current. The discontinuous output regulation theory has proven to be a suitable tool in the output tracking for the boost power converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sliding Mode Control of Power Converters in Renewable Energy Systems)
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