Biomarkers of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are still among the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, diet, obesity, and physical inactivity contribute to increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events by promoting a proinflammatory condition that affects the proliferation, migration, and increased permeability of endothelial cells. In turn, the endothelial inflammatory phenotype triggers the synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that further exacerbate endothelial health and impair vascular performance. However, searching for biological markers able to evaluate cardiovascular diseases is still a great challenge.

Among the most validated biomarkers that are currently in use, inflammation-related markers are prominent. Some classical and novel biomarkers have emerged as relevant contributors in the energy-homeostasis field and have appeared as valid biomarkers of various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Among these presumed and specific biomarkers, several members of the TGF-beta super-family, GDF15, GDF11, newly emerging cardiokines, miRNAs, and markers discovered via proteomics in relation to oxidative stress are involved in cardiovascular disease. The evaluation of their circulating levels might provide new insights into the course of the disease. Finally, classical and novel biomarkers can also serve as new diagnostic markers for the detection of cardiovascular disorders to guide prognostication and emerging therapeutics. We invite you to share your knowledge and experience. Original and review papers that address cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in all aspects, from cellular and molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological links to problems of diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, are welcome.

Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca
Guest Editor

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• biomarkers
• cardiovascular disease
• cerebrovascular disease
• cardiovascular therapy
• diagnosis