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Water
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Wastewater Treatment and Management in Developing Countries
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Wastewater Treatment and Management in Developing Countries

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 10498

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Markus Starkl

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Competence Centre for Decision Aid in Environmental Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
Interests: sustainability and policies in water management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wastewater treatment and management in developing countries is still suffering from inadequate solutions and a lack of long-term sustainability. There are a significant number of studies which have reported on failing wastewater projects.  The reasons for these failures are often non-technical in nature, and are commonly related to social, economic, and/or institutional aspects. At the same time, there has been encouraging research carried out in many developing countries leading to indigenous and appropriate technologies which, if multiplied, can help in improving the current situation. In this context, the term “best available technology” may also need to be redefined to address the situation in developing countries appropriately. Planning processes can further contribute to achieving sustainable solutions.

This Special Issue aims at publishing high-quality and innovative research that demonstrates both successful and unsuccessful wastewater treatment and management projects, highlighting one or more of the following aspects:

  • Innovative indigenous solutions
  • Relevance of social, economic and institutional aspects in success or failure
  • Suitable criteria for determining best available technologies in a developing country context
  • Planning methods and tools leading to more sustainable solutions
  • New developments in international standards that can contribute to better wastewater treatment and management in developing countries

Dr. Markus Starkl
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater
  • management
  • treatment
  • sustainability
  • failure
  • success
  • standards
  • planning
  • social aspects
  • economic aspects
  • institutional aspects
  • policies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4886 KiB  
Article
A Simple Method for Identifying Appropriate Areas for Onsite Wastewater Treatment
by Martín Alejandro Iribarnegaray, Juan José Correa, Jazmín Marcela del Rosario Sorani, Araceli Clavijo, María Soledad Rodriguez-Alvarez and Lucas Seghezzo
Water 2021, 13(19), 2634; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192634 - 25 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Onsite Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems (ODWTS) are increasingly important for treating domestic wastewater in metropolitan contexts, especially in suburban sectors isolated from sewer networks and centralized treatment plants. When ODWTS are not correctly planned and located in suitable places, or are not properly [...] Read more.
Onsite Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems (ODWTS) are increasingly important for treating domestic wastewater in metropolitan contexts, especially in suburban sectors isolated from sewer networks and centralized treatment plants. When ODWTS are not correctly planned and located in suitable places, or are not properly designed, they can cause groundwater contamination and generate risks for human health. This work presents a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to zone specific areas based on a few simple parameters. The proposed tool can be easily adapted to different contexts, even where institutional capacities are low. Results obtained in the metropolitan area of the Lerma Valley (Salta, Argentina) show strong contradictions between our zoning and current urbanization features in the study area. As a result, environmental impacts and health hazards are likely to manifest in the short or medium term. The sectors with the best receptivity conditions were found in the southern sector of the study area. We argue that ODWTS can be safely implemented in many areas as long as this concept is embedded in urban planning initiatives, which usually also require the consolidation or development of appropriate institutions and control systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Management in Developing Countries)
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17 pages, 1046 KiB  
Article
Adapting Santiago Method to Determine Appropriate and Resource Efficient Sanitation Systems for an Urban Settlement in Lima Peru
by Ainul Firdatun Nisaa, Manuel Krauss and Dorothee Spuhler
Water 2021, 13(9), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091197 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2899
Abstract
The pre-selection of locally appropriate sanitation technologies and systems is crucial for strategic sanitation planning as any decision is only as good as the options presented. One approach that allows us to systematically consider the local conditions and a diverse range of conventional [...] Read more.
The pre-selection of locally appropriate sanitation technologies and systems is crucial for strategic sanitation planning as any decision is only as good as the options presented. One approach that allows us to systematically consider the local conditions and a diverse range of conventional and novel technologies and systems is the Santiago method. In this paper, we discuss whether the Santiago method can be applied to the case of Latin America and what we would gain from this application. We do so by expanding the Santiago technology library with technologies that have been shown to be promising in metropolitan areas of Latin America, such as condominial sewer, container-based sanitation, and activated sludge. We then apply Santiago to the semi-informal settlement Quebrada Verde (QV) in Lima, Peru. Using Santiago, we were able to generate 265,185 sanitation system options from 42 technologies and 18 appropriateness criteria. A set of 17 appropriate and divers are then selected. The diversity is defined by 17 system templates. To further evaluate these 17 systems, resource recovery and loss potentials are quantified. Higher nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and total solids recovery are observed for systems that combine urine diversion and biofuel production. The case of QV shows that the Santiago method is applicable in the Latin American context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Management in Developing Countries)
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Review

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16 pages, 626 KiB  
Review
Sustainability Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Systems in Developing Countries
by Markus Starkl, Norbert Brunner, Sukanya Das and Anju Singh
Water 2022, 14(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020241 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4318
Abstract
As the assessment of the economic, environmental, institutional, and social sustainability of wastewater treatment systems may have several conceivable goals and intended recipients, there are numerous different approaches. This paper surveys certain aspects of sustainability assessment that may be of interest to the [...] Read more.
As the assessment of the economic, environmental, institutional, and social sustainability of wastewater treatment systems may have several conceivable goals and intended recipients, there are numerous different approaches. This paper surveys certain aspects of sustainability assessment that may be of interest to the planners of wastewater treatment systems. Here, the key criteria assess the system’s costs and financing, including its affordability for the users, the environmental impact, the benefits for health and hygiene, the cultural acceptance of the system and its recycled products, the technical functioning, and the administrative, political, and legal framework for its construction and operation. A multi-criteria approach may then be used to analyze possible trade-offs and identify the most suitable system for a certain location. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Treatment and Management in Developing Countries)
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