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Water
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River Restoration and Morphodynamics
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River Restoration and Morphodynamics

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13154

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhi-jun Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
Interests: sediment discharge; runoff changes; hydrological process; riverine, estuarine and ocean hydrology; dam regulation and human activities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Weiguo Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: remote sensing for ecosystems；spatial ecosystem simulation；ecosystem risk and sustainability assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

River restoration contributes to flood/drought risk management by supporting the natural capacity of rivers to retain water. As flood/drought risk consists of damage multiplied by occurence,  flood risk management needs to reduce either the damage, or the likelihood of floods/low runoff occurring, or both. River restoration reduces the likelihood of high/low water levels, and improves the natural functions of the river at same time.

The objective of this Special Issue is to provide the reader with the recent advances in river morphodynamics and river restoration studies. Research papers related to the response of fluvial landforms induced by physical processes, in long- to short-term evolution are welcomed. In particular, submission of articles on the relationships between climate change, anthropogenic impacts and base-level variations in fluvial landscapes is encouraged.

This Special Issue focuses on river restoration monitoring and management. We invite the submission of contributions that highlight best practice in the development and implementation of schemes for monitoring and assessing river restoration, that will inform effective restoration measures and the application of nature-based solutions. We welcome original research papers, case-studies and critical reviews.

Prof. Dr. Zhi-jun Dai
Prof. Dr. Wei-guo Jiang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • river morphodynamics
  • runoff changes
  • hydrological processes
  • sediment discharge
  • dam regulation and human activities

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2782 KiB  
Article
Application of Hierarchical Clustering Endmember Modeling Analysis for Identification of Sedimentary Environment in the Houtao Section of the Upper Yellow River
by Hongli Pang, Fuqiang Li, Hongshan Gao, Yunxia Jia, Dianbao Chen and Xiaonan Zhang
Water 2022, 14(7), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071025 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1913
Abstract
The unmixing of grain-size distribution (GSD) with multivariate statistical analysis provides insight into sediment provenance, transport processes and environment conditions. In this article, we performed hierarchical clustering endmember modeling analysis (CEMMA) to identify the sedimentary environment of fluvial deposits at core HDZ04 drilled [...] Read more.
The unmixing of grain-size distribution (GSD) with multivariate statistical analysis provides insight into sediment provenance, transport processes and environment conditions. In this article, we performed hierarchical clustering endmember modeling analysis (CEMMA) to identify the sedimentary environment of fluvial deposits at core HDZ04 drilled in the paleofloodplain on the north bank of the upper Yellow River. The CEMMA results show that four end members can effectively explain the variance in the dataset. End-Member 1 and End-Member 2 are polymodal and dominated by silty clay, and they are associated with the suspended load. End-Member 3 is composed of fine sand and silt, and medium-coarse sand makes up the majority of End-Member 4, corresponding to a mixed saltation load and bed load, respectively. Combined with the end-member scores, we constructed energy values to further divide the core samples into different depositional environments. Unit 2 and unit 5 have a high proportion of coarser end-member components, presenting a shallow channel and a high-energy channel environment, respectively. Unit 1 and unit 3 are composed of fine-grained silt and clay and are dominated by finer end-member components, which can be interpreted as a floodplain situation. Unit 4 is characterized by frequent fluctuations in grain-size composition and energy values, indicating the transition from a high-energy river channel to floodplain deposits. For the channel sedimentary environment, the accumulation rate was relatively low (0.32 mm/yr) due to the frequency migration of the channel. A high accumulation rate of the fluvial deposits had occurred in unit 1 during 1.6 Ka (4.35 mm/yr), which was a response to the influence of increased fluvial instability and human activity during the late Holocene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue River Restoration and Morphodynamics)
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13 pages, 5063 KiB  
Article
Optimum Multiparameter Analysis of Water Mass Structure off Western Guangdong during Spring Monsoon Transition
by Huadong Li, Guanghao Xie, Jun Zhao, Zifeng Hu, Xiaoyang Cui and Hui Zhang
Water 2022, 14(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030375 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3180
Abstract
Water masses and their variability play vital roles in regulating ocean circulation, material exchanges and biogeochemical processes. However, there is still a lack of quantitative analysis of water mass distributions in coastal waters of the South China Sea. Here, two oceanographic cruise observations [...] Read more.
Water masses and their variability play vital roles in regulating ocean circulation, material exchanges and biogeochemical processes. However, there is still a lack of quantitative analysis of water mass distributions in coastal waters of the South China Sea. Here, two oceanographic cruise observations in April and May 2016 are used to quantify water mass distributions, pathways and mixture, and their intraseasonal variability off western Guangdong during the spring monsoon transition. Temperature and salinity observations qualitatively reveal that there are three types of water masses: the Pearl River diluted water (PRDW, salinity (S) = 22 psu, potential temperature (θ) = 25 °C), the South China Sea surface water (SCSSW, S = 34 psu, θ = 28 °C) and the South China Sea subsurface water mass (SCSSUW, S = 34.5 psu, θ = 17 °C). Their relative contributions and intraseasonal variability are quantified using the Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) method. The PRDW is largely confined to the upper 10 m layer in shallow nearshore waters (depths < 30 m), with a maximum contribution >90% near the Pearl River Estuary. The SCSSW mainly dominates the rest of the surface layer above 20 m, with a contribution >50% in offshore regions. The layer below 20 m is primarily composed of ~60% SCSSW and ~40% SCSSUW. A comparison between the two different observations suggests that the PRDW tends to expand southwestward and the SCSSUW spreads offshore, whereas the SCSSW moves landward and is situated underneath the surface fresh PRDW. These characteristics are very likely associated with the wind transition from weak southeasterly in April to strong northeasterly in May, which enhances the southwestward coastal current and the onshore surface Ekman transport from offshore waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue River Restoration and Morphodynamics)
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16 pages, 23228 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Geomorphological Evolution of the Mouth Bar in the Modaomen Estuary of the Pearl River over the Last 55 Years (1964–2019)
by Zhiyuan Han, Huaiyuan Li, Hualiang Xie, Bing Yan and Mingxiao Xie
Water 2022, 14(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010090 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1856
Abstract
Based on mass bathymetric data and remote sensing data in the Modaomen Estuary, this study explored the long-term evolutionary characteristics of the mouth bar in the Modaomen Estuary of the Pearl River from 1964 to 2019. In the past 55 years, due to [...] Read more.
Based on mass bathymetric data and remote sensing data in the Modaomen Estuary, this study explored the long-term evolutionary characteristics of the mouth bar in the Modaomen Estuary of the Pearl River from 1964 to 2019. In the past 55 years, due to the impact of human activities, such as shoal reclamation and estuarine regulation in the Modaomen Estuary, the river mouth moved out of the shallow sea covered by several islands and faced the South China Sea directly. Therefore, the mouth bay became a siltation center in the estuarine region and expanded outwards, gradually evolving a geomorphic pattern with three shallow shoals and two distributary branches; a west branch as the main branch accompanied by a small east branch. Over the past decade, high-intensity sand dredging activities in the mouth bar have led to a considerable deepening of the water depth and a significant refinement of bed sediments, forming a discharge pattern of a wide and shallow channel flowing into the sea. Therefore, the evolutionary characteristics of the mouth bar have become abnormal in recent years, so additional field bathymetric data and hydrological data are required for further research regarding the subsequent evolution of the mouth bar, against the background of a significant reduction of sediment discharge and high-intensity human activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue River Restoration and Morphodynamics)
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13 pages, 8250 KiB  
Article
Mapping Diurnal Variability of the Wintertime Pearl River Plume Front from Himawari-8 Geostationary Satellite Observations
by Zifeng Hu, Guanghao Xie, Jun Zhao, Yaping Lei, Jinchi Xie and Wenhong Pang
Water 2022, 14(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010043 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2498
Abstract
The spatial pattern of the wintertime Pearl River plume front (PRPF), and its variability on diurnal and spring-neap time scales are characterized from the geostationary meteorological Himawari-8 satellite, taking advantage of the satellite’s unique 10-minutely sea surface temperature sequential images. Our findings suggest [...] Read more.
The spatial pattern of the wintertime Pearl River plume front (PRPF), and its variability on diurnal and spring-neap time scales are characterized from the geostationary meteorological Himawari-8 satellite, taking advantage of the satellite’s unique 10-minutely sea surface temperature sequential images. Our findings suggest that the PRPF in winter consists of three subfronts: the northern one north of 22° N 20′, the southern one south of 21° N 40′, and the middle one between 22° N 20′ and 21° N 40′. The time-varying trend of the frontal intensity generally exhibits a strong-weak-strong pattern, with the weakest plume front occurring at about 06:00 UTC, which is closely associated with net surface heat flux over the region. The comparison in frontal variability between the spring and neap tides shows that the plume front during the spring tide generally tends to be more diffuse for the frontal probability, move further offshore for the frontal position, and be weaker for the frontal intensity than those found during the neap tide. These great differences largely depend on the tidally induced stronger turbulent mixing during the spring tide while the wind stress only plays a secondary role in the process. To best of our knowledge, the distinct diurnal variations in PRPF with wide coverage are observed for the first time. This study demonstrates that the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite has great potential in characterizing high-frequency surface thermal fronts in considerable detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue River Restoration and Morphodynamics)
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20 pages, 4517 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Underwater Topography, Geomorphology and Sediment Source in Qinzhou Bay
by Chao Cao, Feng Cai, Hongshuai Qi, Yongling Zheng and Huiquan Lu
Water 2021, 13(10), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101392 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2957
Abstract
Human activities for exploitation and utilization of coastal zones have transformed coastline morphology and severely changed regional flow fields, underwater topography, and sediment distribution in the sea. In this study, single-beam bathymetry coupled with sediment sampling and analysis was carried out to ascertain [...] Read more.
Human activities for exploitation and utilization of coastal zones have transformed coastline morphology and severely changed regional flow fields, underwater topography, and sediment distribution in the sea. In this study, single-beam bathymetry coupled with sediment sampling and analysis was carried out to ascertain submarine topography, geomorphology and sediment distribution patterns, and explore sediment provenance in Qinzhou Bay, China. The results show the following: (1) the underwater topography in Qinzhou Bay is complex and variable, with water depths in the range of 0–20 m. It can be divided into four underwater topographic zones (the central (outer Qinzhou Bay), eastern (Sanniang Bay), western (east of Fangcheng Port), and southern (outside of the bay) parts); (2) based on geomorphological features, the study area comprises four major submarine geomorphological units (i.e., tide-dominated delta, tidal sand ridge group, tidal scour troughs, and underwater slope) and two intertidal geomorphological units (i.e., tidal flat and abrasion platforms); (3) sandy sediments are widely present in Qinzhou Bay, accounting for 70% of the total sediments. From the mouth of the Maowei Sea to the central and northern part of Qinzhou Bay, the sediments gradually become coarser, shifting from sandy mud to muddy sand, and then to fine sand and medium–coarse sand, especially inside the trench. The detrital minerals contained in the sediments mainly consist of quartz, feldspar, ilmenite, leucosphenite, tourmaline, and detrital minerals, whereas the clay minerals are dominated by kaolinite, followed by illite and smectite. The sediment provenance is mainly terrigenous input from near-source river. With sea reclamation and dam construction, outer Qinzhou Bay has experienced enormous morphological variation of its coastline. Human activities for exploitation and utilization of coastal zones have transformed coastline morphology and severely changed regional flow fields, underwater topography, and sediment distribution in the sea. Together with the channel effect where the velocity of ebb tide is greater than that of flood tide, the underwater topography is characterized by increased scale and height difference of troughs and ridges as well as enhanced offshore deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue River Restoration and Morphodynamics)
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