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Water
Special Issues
Water Distribution System Quality Analysis and Control
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Water Distribution System Quality Analysis and Control

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 1532

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gopinathan R Abhijith

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Guest Editor
Technion Israel Institute of Technology: Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Interests: water quality modeling; distribution systems; EPANET; mechanistic modeling; chlorine; pathogens; emerging contaminants
Prof. Dr. Avi Ostfeld

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
Interests: water resources systems analysis; water distribution systems; surface hydrology; optimization; management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. S Mohan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
Interests: dewatering schemes; cast mine operation; hydraulic analysis; mine water pumping; wastewater treatment technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water distribution systems (WDS) deliver high-quality water in specified quantities. Recent studies have identified WDS as a probable cause of acute and chronic health risks for a significant segment of the population. These findings are associated with the increased demand for water quality with higher human living standards. WDS monitoring assumes a key and dynamic role in this regard. While standard water quality parameters are surveyed at waterworks, monitoring and controlling water quality in real time within the distribution networks is still challenging. Incidentally, understanding the origins and examining the mechanisms of the quality degradation of delivered drinking water in WDS gains significance.

WDS quality analysis and control has been an active research area since the 1960s, with various mathematical approaches for simulation and management. One of the most outstanding innovations in this research was the development of a modeling package, entitled EPANET, by the US Environmental Protection Agency almost three decades ago. Although the research area of developing computer-based water modeling tools for WDS has advanced since then, concerns exist over the appropriateness of the conventional state of the art due to insufficient knowledge about the multifaceted exchanges, concerning water quality, within the distribution pipes.

This Special Issue welcomes original research papers and systematic reviews on various aspects of WDS quality analysis and control, from the real-time monitoring of water quality, forecasting contamination events, meeting water quality standards, and maximizing water quality reliability. We encourage the submission of interdisciplinary work and collaborative research on comprehending the physicochemical and biochemical mechanisms concerning the quality characteristics inside WDS. We also encourage the submission of manuscripts that focus on emerging contaminants and other advanced water quality parameters of concern.

Dr. Gopinathan R Abhijith
Prof. Dr. Avi Ostfeld
Prof. Dr. S Mohan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water distribution systems
  • drinking water quality
  • EPANET
  • chlorine
  • pathogens
  • microbiological quality
  • emerging contaminants
  • real-time control
  • health risk assessment
  • stochastic mechanisms

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 5340 KiB  
Article
Bayesian Optimization for Contamination Source Identification in Water Distribution Networks
by Khalid Alnajim and Ahmed A. Abokifa
Water 2024, 16(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010168 - 31 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of computational algorithms for identifying contamination sources in water distribution systems (WDSs). Previous studies have extensively relied on evolutionary optimization techniques, which require [...] Read more.
In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of computational algorithms for identifying contamination sources in water distribution systems (WDSs). Previous studies have extensively relied on evolutionary optimization techniques, which require the simulation of numerous contamination scenarios in order to solve the inverse-modeling contamination source identification (CSI) problem. This study presents a novel framework for CSI in WDSs using Bayesian optimization (BO) techniques. By constructing an explicit acquisition function to balance exploration with exploitation, BO requires only a few evaluations of the objective function to converge to near-optimal solutions, enabling CSI in real-time. The presented framework couples BO with EPANET to reveal the most likely contaminant injection/intrusion scenarios by minimizing the error between simulated and measured concentrations at a given number of water quality monitoring locations. The framework was tested on two benchmark WDSs under different contamination injection scenarios, and the algorithm successfully revealed the characteristics of the contamination source(s), i.e., the location, pattern, and concentration, for all scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the framework using various BO techniques, including two different surrogate models, Gaussian Processes (GPs) and Random Forest (RF), and three different acquisition functions, namely expected improvement (EI), probability of improvement (PI), and upper confident bound (UCB). The results revealed that BO with the RF surrogate model and UCB acquisition function produced the most efficient and reliable CSI performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Distribution System Quality Analysis and Control)
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