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Toxic Chemicals in Water: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on...
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Toxic Chemicals in Water: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 2928

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paolo Montuori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: persistent organic pollutants (POPs); toxic chemicals (pesticides, metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls, PAHs, heavy metals); contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); environmental occurrence; water pollution; pollution sources; seasonal and spatial distribution; ecological risk assessment; exposure routes; health risk assessment.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fabiana Di Duca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); persistence of emerging contaminants; sensitive aquatic ecosystems; ecotoxicological risk analysis; pollutant detection methodologies; advanced chemical monitoring; environmental impact of chemical contaminants; aquatic toxicity assessment; exposure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elvira De Rosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: persistent organic pollutants (POPs); toxic chemicals (pesticides, metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls, PAHs, heavy metals); contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); environmental occurrence; water pollution; pollution sources; seasonal and spatial distribution; ecological risk assessment; exposure routes; health risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The expansion of industrial and agricultural activities over recent decades has significantly contributed to water pollution, one of the most serious type of pollution which provides the greatest harm to the environment and human health, given that water is an essential need for all forms of life.

Toxic chemicals, such as heavy metals, dyes, and inorganic/organic compounds, found as fertilizers, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and bio-contaminants, make a significant contribution to this type of pollution. Accordingly, their occurrence in water is a significant issue globally because of the persistence, low degradability, bioaccumulation, and poisonous nature of these chemicals, which lead to a cumulative impact on the ecosystem. Furthermore, some of these are included in the emerging category of toxicity of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which adversely impacts humans and the environment’s well-being. Diseases like cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioral disorders, autoimmune defects, and reproductive diseases, which can diminish neural, hormonal, and reproduction capabilities in human beings, animals, and plants, are related to these substances. Consequently, serious concerns have been raised among scientists about the health and safety of living beings. As a result, evaluation of their occurrence in water resources and risk assessment play a vital role in reducing the health hazards.

We are pleased to invite you to submit related research and review papers to this Special Issue entitled “Toxic Chemicals in Water: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health” with the aim of improving the knowledge on this topic and enriching the public understanding of toxic contaminants.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: emerging contaminants, agrochemicals and food toxicology, ecotoxicology, drugs toxicity, human  toxicology and epidemiology, exposome analysis and risk assessment, and        toxicity reduction and environmental remediation sections. We also encourage manuscripts that propose new models and statistical techniques to assess the origin of water pollution, as well as unconventional approaches to evaluate the ecological and human health risks.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Montuori
Dr. Fabiana Di Duca
Dr. Elvira De Rosa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • toxic chemicals
  • contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)
  • persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
  • environmental occurrence
  • water pollution
  • seasonal and spatial distribution
  • potential adverse effects
  • ecological risk assessment
  • exposure routes
  • health risk assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6864 KiB  
Article
Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk
by Jelena Vesković, Milica Lučić, Mirjana Ristić, Aleksandra Perić-Grujić and Antonije Onjia
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010062 - 12 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected [...] Read more.
This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells. REE concentrations ranged from 59.9 to 758 ng/L, with an average of 290 ng/L. The most abundant was Sc, followed by La, accounting for 54.2% and 21.4% of the total REE concentration, respectively. Geospatial analysis revealed the REE enrichment at several hotspots near the TPP. The highest REE concentrations were observed near the TPP and ash landfill, decreasing with the distance from the plant and the landfill. REE fractionation ratios and anomalies suggested the Light REE dominance, comprising over 78% of the total REEs. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated similar behavior and sources for most REEs. Health risk assessment found hazard indices (HI) of 1.36 × 10−3 and 1.98 × 10−3 for adults and children, respectively, which are far below the permissible limit (HI = 1). Likewise, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were all below 1 × 10−6. Nevertheless, ongoing ash disposal and potential accumulation in the environment could elevate the REE exposure over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxic Chemicals in Water: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health)
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27 pages, 5033 KiB  
Article
Assessing Heavy Metals in the Sele River Estuary: An Overview of Pollution Indices in Southern Italy
by Fabiana Di Duca, Paolo Montuori, Elvira De Rosa, Bruna De Simone, Immacolata Russo, Raffaele Nubi and Maria Triassi
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010038 - 3 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, coupled with a historical lack of understanding in toxicology, has led in an increase in estuary pollution, frequently resulting in unexpected environmental situations. Therefore, the occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) constitutes a major environmental issue, posing a serious risk both to [...] Read more.
Rapid industrialization, coupled with a historical lack of understanding in toxicology, has led in an increase in estuary pollution, frequently resulting in unexpected environmental situations. Therefore, the occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) constitutes a major environmental issue, posing a serious risk both to aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of eight HMs (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water, suspended particles, and sediment near the Sele River estuary (Italy) in order to assess their environmental impacts on the sea and health risks for humans. The results revealed an increasing order of HM concentration according to the scheme suspended particulate matter (SPM) > sediment (SED) > dissolved phase (DP) and a moderate contamination status in sediment. The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk was negligible. Carcinogenic risk, expressed as the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), was negligible for Cd and Ni and within tolerable limits for As, Pb, and Cr. The findings suggested that, even if there are currently no specific limits for chemical parameters in the transitional waters of Italy, monitoring systems should be implemented to determine pollution levels and implement effective steps to improve river water quality and reduce human health risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxic Chemicals in Water: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health)
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