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Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4340

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Dr. Xiaojun Feng

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Guest Editor

School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: coal-rock dynamic disasters in underground engineering; geological deformation modelling; geostatistic; multi-scale faulting process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Enlai Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: rock burst early warning; coal–rock dynamic disaster risk evaluation

Dr. Jinxin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: artificial intelligence in rock–coal dynamic disaster early warning; condition monitoring; equipment fault diagnostics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coal–rock dynamic disasters, usually in the form of rock bursts, mine earthquakes, coal and gas outbursts and water inrushes, pose a serious threat to the safety of resource mining and underground engineering. The occurrence of coal–rock dynamic disasters can sometimes also bring about secondary hazards, such as fires and dust explosions, leading to heavy personnel casualties and economic losses. With the ever-growing need for living space and resources in recent years, the depth and intensity of mining and underground engineering keep increasing, resulting in excavations being accompanied by a higher risk of rock bursts in all stages. Given the situation, the revelation of coal–rock stability, failure mechanisms and online monitoring of dynamic disasters for early warnings have all been accepted as preconditions for the successful excavation of underground sources. Recent developments in geological deformation modeling, data collection and signal processing (especially for machine learning and big data) have offered excellent opportunities for dealing with these scientific problems. This research topic aims to provide a platform for novel research and recent advances in the mechanisms, evaluation and early warnings of coal–rock dynamic disasters. Areas to be covered in this research topic may include, but are not limited to:

Experimental and theoretical analysis of rock mechanical behaviors;
Coal–rock stability and failure mechanisms;
Rock mechanics and gas seepage;
Risk identification and evaluation;
Evolution process and disaster-causing mechanisms;
Intelligent monitoring and early warning of dynamic disasters;
Advanced data analytics in safety mining;
Safety monitoring and control;
Intelligent hazard control;
Safety management of mines;
Gas extraction and utilization.

Dr. Xiaojun Feng
Dr. Enlai Zhao
Dr. Jinxin Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

rock failure mechanism
safety mining
risk evaluation
hazard prevention and control
intelligent hazard monitoring
dynamic disaster early warning
geophysical signal monitoring and processing
risk management of mines
geomechanics and geophysics
physical simulation and numerical simulation
disaster-causing mechanisms
multiparameter indices for hazard early warnings

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Energy Dissipation in T-Shaped Fractured Rocks under Different Loading Rates

by Yong Zhang, Lijia Zhong, Fan Pang, Peng Li and Fengyin Liu

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13695; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813695 - 13 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 855

Abstract

T-shaped fractured rocks in the engineering rock mass with different inclination angles, quantities, and cross patterns will cause slope landslides, cavern collapse, roof fall, and other disasters under the action of external forces. Deformation evolution of the T-shaped fractured rock is also significant for monitoring the stability of rock engineering structures. In this paper, the compression test of T-shaped fracture specimens was carried out under different loading rates. By modulating both the fracture inclination angle and the loading rate, the attributes pertaining to energy dissipation in the T-shaped fractured specimen were scrupulously scrutinized and subsequently expounded upon. The difference in the energy characteristics between fractured rock and intact rock was investigated to understand the deformation evolution of T-shaped fractured rock samples. The results show that when the fracture angle is 45° and 90°, the elastic strain energy and dissipated energy decrease as the secondary fracture angle increases. At the peak point, as the secondary fracture angle increases from 0°, the total absorbed energy, elastic strain energy, and dissipated energy of the T-shaped fractured rock increase, the ratio U^e/U of elastic strain energy to total energy increases, and the ratio U^d/U of dissipated energy to total energy decreases. The increase in loading rate leads to an increase in U^e/U and a decrease in U^d/U at the peak point of the T-shaped fractured rock specimen. The increase in loading rate leads to an increase in the total absorbed energy and elastic energy at the peak point of the T-shaped fractured rock, while the dissipated energy decreases. Investigative endeavors into the mechanics and energetic attributes of T-shaped fractured rocks bestow pragmatic and directive significance upon the safety assessment and stability prognostication of sundry geological undertakings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters)

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19 pages, 3256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation on Anisotropy of Rocks Using Digital Drilling Technology

by Xinxing Liu, Xudong Ma, Mingming He and Chunchi Ma

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13357; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813357 - 6 Sep 2023

Viewed by 730

Abstract

Accurate determination of rock anisotropy is of great significance for analyzing the safety and stability of engineering rock mass. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests are carried out on four kinds of rocks: slate, gneiss, sandstone and shale, to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength of each rock in the different directions. Digital drilling tests are carried out on four kinds of rocks to study the anisotropy of drilling parameters. According to the working principle of the drill bit, its force balance analysis model is established, and the concept of cutting strength ratio is proposed. Using the drilling parameters (drilling depth, drilling time, torque and thrust, etc.) in the different directions for each rock, the interrelationships between them are analyzed. The anisotropy index of rock is defined according to the ratio of cutting strength in different directions of drill parameters, and a new method for judging rock anisotropy is proposed. The results show that the thrust and torque in all directions of the rock increase with the drilling depth. The torque in all directions of the rock has a positive linear relationship with the thrust. The ranking of the anisotropy degree for the four types of rocks is as follows: gneiss > slate > shale > sandstone. The anisotropy results have been validated by an alternative method utilizing uniaxial compressive strength. The determination results are verified by the uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks, and the degree of anisotropy of the four rocks is consistent with the determination results. This method can help engineers analyze the anisotropy of rock, and provide a new idea for studying the integrity and stability of rock mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters)

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15 pages, 3905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Inflow Amount Prediction for Karst Tunnel with Steady Seepage Conditions

by Xianmeng Zhang, Minghao Wang, Dan Feng and Jingchun Wang

Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10638; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310638 - 5 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1171

Abstract

Tunnel engineering is an important aspect of developing and utilizing underground spaces. Tunnel water inrush became a common problem that restricts the safe and efficient construction of tunnels. This paper focuses on a karst water-rich tunnel in Chongqing and establishes a seepage field distribution model around the tunnel, analyzing the evolution law of the seepage field. The water balance method and underground runoff modulus method are used to predict tunnel water inflow. The prediction method for tunnel water inflow in water-rich karst areas is combined with long-term on-site tunnel hydrology observations. The distribution of groundwater in front of the tunnel face is drawn using the software, successfully predicting the larger karst area in front of the face. The prediction of water inrush risk level for karst tunnels is carried out using the SVR model. An expression formula for the water head around the tunnel is established by using the conformal mapping relationship, and the distribution status of the seepage field around the tunnel is ultimately determined. The overall prediction accuracy of the underground runoff modulus method is better than that of the water balance method in predicting the water inrush volume of the tunnel. The prediction of the large karst area ahead of the heading is successfully achieved by using the SVR model. This prediction method can provide reference and guidance for the construction of other karst-rich water tunnels in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters)

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15 pages, 20343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fracture Characteristics of Thick-Roof Coal Roadway Subjected to Duplicated Shock Waves

by Shifan Zhao, Mingshi Gao, Dong Xu, Xin Yu and Hongchao Zhao

Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5308; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065308 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1095

Abstract

Rock burst is one of the most serious risks for underground coal mines, and the associated dynamic waves generally cause roof falls and large-scale shrinkage of the roadway. The roadway is often seriously damaged by duplicated rock bursts. Previous research on the propagation and attenuation of shock waves cannot explain well the failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock of the roadway under duplicated dynamic waves. To fill this research gap, this paper presents comprehensive research on the failure and fracturing process of roadways affected by repeated shock waves using field tests and numerical analysis. A numerical model as per UDEC Trigon logic was developed and calibrated using mine earthquake shock waves, during which a user-defined FISH function was adopted to document the quantity characteristics of fractures (i.e., shear-slip and tension). The damage to the roof was assessed based on the quantity of fractures. At the same time, the simulation analysed the evolution trend of the failure zone of the roadway roof and the fracture development area, which agreed well with the field tests. According to the spread and extension characteristics of fractures in the surrounding rock under repeated shock waves, new support materials and schemes were proposed and applied at the mine site. The results show that the scheme has controlled the deformation of the roadway effectively and satisfied the safety and efficiency requirements of the mine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters)

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Mechanism, Evaluation and Early Warning of Coal–Rock Dynamic Disasters

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