Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices

A special issue of Resources (ISSN 2079-9276).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 17712

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Landscape, Spatial- and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Landscape Planning, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Interests: sustainable land-use; land-use planning; natural resource governance; public policy; transdisciplinarity

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Political Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Interests: natural resource governance; sustainability; energy transition; public policy; legitimacy

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Guest Editor
Department of Socioeconomics, Institute for Managing Sustainability, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, Building D1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria
Interests: mineral resource governance; environmental and sustainable development policy; sustainability science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An expanding global population and the steady development of novel green technologies require a sustainable supply of mineral raw materials to  facilitate the transition towards sustainable development (SD) (Biermann and Kim, 2020; Rockström et al., 2009). Sustainable land-use and land-use planning along the mining life-cycle play important roles within those debates: while one strand emphasises mineral resource governance (Ayuk et al., 2020; Nickless et al., 2015)  in the context of SD at the international or supra-regional level, with a view on (i) more integrated governance approaches between minerals and land use planning  (Carvalho et al., 2021; Endl et al., 2020; Gugerell et al., 2020) and (ii)  the broader socio-spatial context of land use, minerals and sustainable development (Bebbington and Humphreys Bebbington, 2018; Gustafsson and Scurrah, 2019). The systematic assessment of potential land-use options that serve the demands and aspirations of the local communities, supply a diverse economy with commodities while safeguarding natural resources and ecosystems are central characteristics of land-use planning (Bax et al., 2019; Grêt-Regamey et al., 2017; Tassinari et al., 2013). Scarcity of land, domestic security of supply for certain mineral resources and their location can trigger tensions and conflicts concerning (i) public vs. private interests (e.g., nature protection, watershed protection and company interests),  (ii) traditional primary vs. novel land uses (e.g. small scale agriculture/forestry), (iii) local vs. global interests, or (iv) economic and human captial growth vs. a reduction in absolute consumption and primary material input. Balancing those tensions also embraces balancing social, environmental and economic dimensions from an environmental- and intergenerational justice perspective.

We invite scholars interested in the outlined scope to submit original research articles that engage in-depth with the interdisciplinary driven nature of this topic. We particularly welcome theoretical/conceptual papers and analytical empirical papers or a strong sustainability science background. This issue aims to attract contributions that  (i) debate an integrated perspective on land use by balancing the environmental, social and economic dimensions; (ii) investigate participatory and deliberative approaches to land-use planning dealing with mineral extraction or industrial development related to mineral development/energy transition (e.g., battery, renewable energy production), (iii) discuss the role of safeguarding mineral resources compared to other land-use options (e.g., national interests, balancing diverse and/or conflicting priorities); (iv) examine post-mining land-use in its broader socio-spatial context (e.g., re-use for renewables/food production); (v) debate dimensions of efficient land-use and its environmental, social and economicimpacts (e.g., mining of old mining sites), (vi) critically land-use conflicts related to mineral development or post-mining, (vii) investigate attitudes towards land-use and the public or societal acceptance about certain practices related to mineral land-uses. We welcome contributions from early career researchers and young scholars as well as critical discussions of the matter from a sustainability sciences perspective.

We acknowledge the support of Dipl.-Ing. Marie-Theres Kügerl who helped prepare the summary and will also help solicit papers for this issue.

References:

Ali, S., Giurco, D., Arndt, N., Nickless, E., Brown, G., Demetriades, A., Durrheim, R., Eriquez, M.A., Kinnard, J., Littleboy, A., Meinert, L.D., Oberhänsli, R., Salem, J., Schodde, R., Schneider, G., Vidal, O., Yakovleva, N., 2017. Schodde R , Schneider G , Vidal O , Yakovleva N . Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance . Nature 543, 367–372.

Ayuk, E., Pedro, A.M.A., Ekins, P., United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, International Resource Panel, 2020. Mineral resource governance in the 21st century gearing extractive industries towards sustainable development.

Bax, V., Francesconi, W., Delgado, A., 2019. Land-use conflicts between biodiversity conservation and extractive industries in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Environmental Management 232, 1028–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.016

Bebbington, A., Humphreys Bebbington, D., 2018. Mining, movements and sustainable development: Concepts for a framework. Sustainable Development 26, 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1888

Biermann, F., Kim, R.E., 2020. The Boundaries of the Planetary Boundary Framework: A Critical Appraisal of Approaches to Define a “Safe Operating Space” for Humanity. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 45, 497–521. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-080337

Carvalho, J., Galos, K., Kot-Niewiadomska, A., Gugerell, K., Raaness, A., Lisboa, V., 2021. A look at European practices for identifying mineral resources that deserve to be safeguarded in land-use planning. Resources Policy 74, 102248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102248

Endl, A., Gottenhuber, S.L., Gugerell, K., 2020. Bridging Policy Streams of Minerals and Land Use Planning: a Conceptualisation and Comparative Analysis of Instruments for Policy Integration in 11 European Member States, in: REAL CORP 2020 - SHAPING URBAN CHANGE. Presented at the REAL CORP, Aachen, pp. 95–105. https://doi.org/978-3-9504173-9-5

Grêt-Regamey, A., Altwegg, J., Sirén, E.A., van Strien, M.J., Weibel, B., 2017. Integrating ecosystem services into spatial planning—A spatial decision support tool. Landsc. Urban Plan. 165, 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.003

Gugerell, K., Endl, A., Gottenhuber, S.L., Ammerer, G., Berger, G., Tost, M., 2020. Regional implementation of a novel policy approach: The role of minerals safeguarding in land-use planning policy in Austria. The Extractive Industries and Society 7, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.10.016

Gustafsson, M.T., Scurrah, M., 2019. Strengthening subnational institutions for sustainable development in resource-rich states: Decentralized land-use planning in Peru. World Dev. 119, 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.03.002

Nickless, E., Ali, S., Arndt, N., Brown, G., Demetriades, A., Durrheim, R., Enriquez, M., Giurco, D., Kinnard, J., Littleboy, A., 2015. Resourcing Future Generations: A Global Effort to Meet The World’s Future Needs Head-on. International Union of Geological Sciences.

Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F.S.I., Lambin, E., Lenton, T.M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H.J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C.A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P.K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V.J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., Foley, J., 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. E&S 14, art32. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03180-140232

Tassinari, P., Torreggiani, D., Benni, S., 2013. Dealing with agriculture, environment and landscape in spatial planning: A discussion about the Italian case study. Land Use Policy 30, 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.05.014

Dr. Katharina Gugerell
Dr. Gregory Poelzer
Dr. Andreas Endl
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • land-use
  • land-use planning
  • mineral resources governance
  • land-use conflicts
  • participatory planning
  • safeguarding
  • extractive industries
  • sustainability transitions

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Pursuing Alignment: A Comparison of Public Officials and Citizen Perception of Mine Development
by Gregory Poelzer
Resources 2023, 12(11), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12110134 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1499
Abstract
Maintaining legitimacy is a crucial objective for public officials to ensure effectiveness. Without legitimacy, political costs rise as the trust in government decreases and policy implementation is delayed; thus, officials handling resource development are encouraged to improve the acceptability of their processes. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Maintaining legitimacy is a crucial objective for public officials to ensure effectiveness. Without legitimacy, political costs rise as the trust in government decreases and policy implementation is delayed; thus, officials handling resource development are encouraged to improve the acceptability of their processes. Therefore, it is essential for the government to understand the values and expectations of the citizens affected by resource development. Such an understanding assists the government in accomplishing its goals. This paper examines two cases, Norrbotten, Sweden, and Saskatchewan, Canada, both of which have established mining operations and similar regulatory frameworks and, during the commodities boom, experienced increased foreign investment and applications for new mines. While most mining projects in Saskatchewan faced little public opposition, some Norrbotten mines met contestation and protest. This paper utilizes survey data that focus on the perspectives of the residents close to the proposed mining operations, as well as interview data from public officials responsible for mine permitting, to examine the relationship between stakeholder influence and trust in government on the acceptability of mining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
15 pages, 6298 KiB  
Article
Flotation Recovery of Sphalerite in Sea Water: A Feasibility Study
by Alexander A. Nikolaev
Resources 2023, 12(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12040051 - 12 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1494
Abstract
Mining and mineral processing industry adversely affects ecosystems and communities in nearby areas, including high freshwater consumption and scarcity. That is why the emerging global trend is to use sea water in flotation to recover valuable minerals from finely disseminated base metals ores. [...] Read more.
Mining and mineral processing industry adversely affects ecosystems and communities in nearby areas, including high freshwater consumption and scarcity. That is why the emerging global trend is to use sea water in flotation to recover valuable minerals from finely disseminated base metals ores. Recent studies investigate sea water flotation of copper, molybdenum, nickel sulphides and pyrite, while flotation of sphalerite, the main valuable mineral for zinc production, remains uncovered. This paper examines the feasibility of sphalerite flotation by conventional collectors in artificial sea water using a bubble-particles technique and frothless flotation tests. Potassium isopropyl xanthate (PIPX) and sodium isopropyl dithiophosphate (SIDTP) were used as collectors, and copper sulphate was introduced as the activator, while zinc sulphate and sodium sulphide were used as depressants. We examined the most common size fractions of sphalerite: medium (−74 + 44 μm) and fines (−44 μm). The findings showed the feasibility of sphalerite flotation in artificial sea water. We also established correlations between the rate of bubble-particle attachment and the sphalerite flotation recovery resulting in the growth of flotation recovery with the increase of the bubble-particle attachment rate. The results can be used as guidelines in choosing flotation reagents for sphalerite flotation in sea water. Another practical application of the results is the potential for sustainable development of the industrial sector, ecosystems and societies due to the replacement of fresh water by sea water, although further technological and environmental studies are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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17 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Perspectives on Closure and Revitalisation of Extraction Sites and Sustainability: A Q-Methodology Study
by Stefanie Streit, Michael Tost and Katharina Gugerell
Resources 2023, 12(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12020023 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1513
Abstract
Closure and revitalisation are essential steps in the life cycle of a mineral extraction site. Proper planning and execution can counteract potential negative impacts caused by extraction activities and allow a positive impact to be left on the post-closure region. Decisions on these [...] Read more.
Closure and revitalisation are essential steps in the life cycle of a mineral extraction site. Proper planning and execution can counteract potential negative impacts caused by extraction activities and allow a positive impact to be left on the post-closure region. Decisions on these steps are not made solely by the extraction company; legislators and the public also exert influence. Different opinions and expectations on closure and revitalisation can lead to tensions between actors. Thus, knowing diverse opinions and expectations and considering them in planning contributes to a successful implementation of measures. Using Q-methodology in a study focused on selected EIT RIS countries, we identified five viewpoints on the closure and revitalisation of an extraction site. The statements for this study have been developed based on international and company standards for closure and revitalisation, namely ICMM, IRMA, AngloAmerican and Rio Tinto, which we then also used for comparison in order to see how they relate to the five resulting viewpoints. Across all viewpoints, our results reveal a preference for environmental considerations, followed by social and economic concerns. Even though this paper considers closure and revitalisation separately from mineral extraction, these processes are intertwined. Thus, a sustainable planning and management of the extraction process itself contributes to a successful and sustainable post-closure landscape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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14 pages, 2810 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Separation and Enrichment of Fe–Ti Oxides from Iron Titaniferous Beach Sands: Process Design Applied to Coastal Ecuador
by Willam Trujillo, Joseph Cobo, Dayanna Vera-Cedeño, Alex Palma-Cando, Jorge Toro-Álava, Alfredo Viloria and Marvin Ricaurte
Resources 2022, 11(12), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11120121 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2404
Abstract
Iron titaniferous sands, also called black sands, are a source of various magnetic minerals, such as iron and titanium (Fe–Ti) oxides, with countless scientific and industrial applications. Ecuador is deemed a geo-diverse country that contains deposits of black sands in the Andean and [...] Read more.
Iron titaniferous sands, also called black sands, are a source of various magnetic minerals, such as iron and titanium (Fe–Ti) oxides, with countless scientific and industrial applications. Ecuador is deemed a geo-diverse country that contains deposits of black sands in the Andean and coastal regions; therefore, the industrialization of these magnetic sands might be of high interest. This study presents a preliminary industrial design for the magnetic separation process of Fe–Ti oxides from iron titaniferous Ecuadorian beach sands. Four stages are considered for the process, involving collecting, drying, screening, and magnetic separation. This proposal returns the large particles (>150 μm) and the non-magnetic fraction to the original place, generating a minimum environmental impact with the support of natural marine and coastal processes. The process design criteria are based on engineering guidelines, sampling, and characterization of eleven black sand samples. Using conventional techniques, the water content, granulometric distribution, particle size, and semi-quantitative Fe–Ti oxide concentration were determined for the different sand samples. It is estimated that Fe–Ti oxide production may reach 5.835 metric tons per day (5.835 mtpd) with a magnetic content of 97.50%, starting from 100 mtpd of black sands. Based on an economic analysis (Class V), a net profit of USD 835,875.63 is expected during the first year of production. Thus, the magnetic separation and enrichment of Fe–Ti oxides from iron titaniferous coastal sands exploitation should allow the commercial valorization of these resources in an eco-friendly way, i.e., with economic benefits and minimization of environmental impact in the source area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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20 pages, 4116 KiB  
Article
Territories of Contention: The Importance of Project Location in Mining-Related Disputes in Finland from the Geosystem Services Perspective
by Toni Eerola
Resources 2022, 11(12), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11120109 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2742
Abstract
Geosystem services produced by geological processes are the abiotic equivalents of ecosystem services. Geosystems also contribute to satisfying human needs and produce welfare in the form of, e.g., mineral deposits, landscapes for recreation and tourism, and habitats for rare species that require protection. [...] Read more.
Geosystem services produced by geological processes are the abiotic equivalents of ecosystem services. Geosystems also contribute to satisfying human needs and produce welfare in the form of, e.g., mineral deposits, landscapes for recreation and tourism, and habitats for rare species that require protection. Geosystems are inherently linked to ecosystems, which causes overlap between provided services. This overlap may in turn cause conflicts over land-use needs and interests. Such controversies can be manifested as mining and mineral exploration disputes (MMEDs). Six MMEDs from Finland were selected for a closer examination. The MMEDs are described and spatially analyzed from the geosystem services perspective. The main causes for the examined MMEDs are land-use issues, i.e., the location of a project in a sensitive context (a protected area (PA), tourism destination, reindeer herding area, or lake area with vacation homes), and/or association with uranium. There have been attempts to block some of the projects through land-use planning by expanding PAs or excluding mining from the municipality. Conversely, one of the projects is an example of the safeguarding of mineral deposits by province-level land-use planning. A more comprehensive consideration of geosystem services by land-use planning may help to accommodate and reconciliate diverse interests and alleviate disputes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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18 pages, 3984 KiB  
Article
Vulnerability in a Populated Coastal Zone and Its Influence by Oil Wells in Santa Elena, Ecuador
by Gricelda Herrera-Franco, F. Javier Montalván, Andrés Velastegui-Montoya and Jhon Caicedo-Potosí
Resources 2022, 11(8), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11080070 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3448
Abstract
The oil industry requires studies of the possible impacts and risks that exploration, exploitation, and industrialization can cause to the environment and communities. The main objective of this study was to assess the vulnerability caused by oil wells of the Salinas and La [...] Read more.
The oil industry requires studies of the possible impacts and risks that exploration, exploitation, and industrialization can cause to the environment and communities. The main objective of this study was to assess the vulnerability caused by oil wells of the Salinas and La Libertad cantons in Ecuador by proposing a multi-criteria spatial analysis methodology that would aid in land-use planning and management. The proposed methodology relates the variables of distance, identification of gas emission from oil wells, permeability, and the state of oil wells (DIPS). The methodology consists of: (i) the diagnosis of oilfield wells; (ii) environmental considerations of productive wells, wells in temporary abandonment, and wells in permanent abandonment; (iii) the vulnerability assessment of both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the wells; and (iv) the development of a vulnerability map and recommendations for land management. The results showed 462 wells in the study area, of which 92% were shown to be located in urban areas. Of the total, 114 wells were considered to be productive wells, 89% of which are in urban areas. The vulnerability map identified the areas to be addressed, which coincided with coastal and urban areas associated with oil production. Our main recommendation is to elaborate land-use planning regulations and build safety infrastructure around the wells to guarantee their distance from houses, beaches, and tourism-development sites. The vulnerability map was shown to serve as an essential diagnostic for decision making in managing oil territories, especially in coastal areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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31 pages, 9001 KiB  
Article
A Quantitative Sustainability Assessment for Mine Closure and Repurposing Alternatives in Colorado, USA
by Cansu Perdeli Demirkan, Nicole M. Smith and Sebnem Duzgun
Resources 2022, 11(7), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11070066 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3114
Abstract
Responsible mine closure and repurposing are key to contributing to sustainable development by ensuring successful environmental rehabilitation and reducing socioeconomic risks. However, mine closure has primarily focused on remediation and rehabilitation of mined lands with limited consideration of stakeholder perspectives and the broader [...] Read more.
Responsible mine closure and repurposing are key to contributing to sustainable development by ensuring successful environmental rehabilitation and reducing socioeconomic risks. However, mine closure has primarily focused on remediation and rehabilitation of mined lands with limited consideration of stakeholder perspectives and the broader social, economic, and cultural impacts of closure. In this paper, we use stakeholder input to evaluate and compare three different repurposing alternatives for the tailings dam area of a mine in the state of Colorado, USA, which is expected to close in the next twenty years. By using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), we determine which alternative better reflects stakeholder preferences and results in the most economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable outcome. Our results show that although stakeholder groups have different ideas about what constitutes sustainable development in the context of mine closure and repurposing, it is possible to identify to what extent different scenarios can address these perspectives. We argue that integrating stakeholder views into mine closure design and repurposing can lead to more responsible and sustainable mine closure that is unique to a particular setting and stakeholder needs, and we provide a methodology that mining companies may use to understand stakeholder priorities and preferences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices)
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