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Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II
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Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 11180

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim

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Guest Editor
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: waste utilization for value-added products through biotechnological approaches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pau Loke Show

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
Interests: biotechnology; bioprocess; bioengineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

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Guest Editor
Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Interests: fungal bioprocessing; economical bioreactor designs; sustainable fermentation technique; food biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chiaki Ogino

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkoudai-chou 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
Interests: biorefinery; engineering; biotechnology; bioengineering; metabolic engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioprocessing is a very important technology that utilizes living organisms and their components to produce various types of products. The products and services that depend on bioprocessing can be grouped into the following: (1) biopharmaceuticals that involve in the production of therapeutic compounds, vaccines, and diagnostic components; (2) specific bio-based chemicals such as biofuels, food, and agricultural products; fine chemicals derived from and/or by living organisms; and other types of bioproducts; (3) environmental management aids that use bioprocessing to treat, control, or remediate pollutants and toxic components. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. Bioprocessing is always referred to as the technology that produces products and provides services that are environmentally friendly, sustainable, and renewable.

The important role of bioprocessing has attracted interest from researchers to find suitable bioprocesses to enhance production or process efficiency. The Asian Federation of Biotechnology (AFOB) has set up 12 academic divisions that cover all biotechnological areas, namely: (1) agricultural and food biotechnology; (2) applied microbiology; (3) biopharmaceutical and medical biotechnology; (4) biocatalysis and protein engineering; (5) bioprocess and bioseparation engineering; (6) bioenergy and biorefinery; (7) environmental biotechnology; (8) marine biotechnology; (9) nanobiotechnology, biosensors, and biochips; (10) systems and synthetic biotechnology; (11) tissue engineering and biomaterials; and (12) bioindustry promotion and bioeducation. Most of these areas require bioprocess technology for the production of their desired products.

The first Special Issue on “Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being” was published as part of the second AFOBMCIS 2019 Special Issue. To share the recent technologies and findings in biotechnology, the AFOB Malaysia Chapter (AFOB-MC) organized the Fourth AFOB Malaysia Chapter International Symposium 2022 (AFOBMCIS 2022). All of the authors of the accepted contributions at AFOBMCIS related to bioprocessing are invited to submit manuscripts to Processes under this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
Prof. Dr. Pau Loke Show
Dr. Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
Prof. Dr. Chiaki Ogino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioprocess
  • bioproducts
  • bio-based chemicals
  • biomaterials
  • fermentation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2731 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Lipid Production of Chlorella sp. by Mixotrophic Cultivation Optimization
by Hao-Cheng Yu, Chyi-How Lay, Peer Mohamed Abdul and Jane-Yii Wu
Processes 2023, 11(7), 1892; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071892 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
Mixotrophic microalgal cultivation can utilize CO2 and organic carbon sources. This study optimized the cultivation nitrogen source (peptone, urea, yeast extract, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NaNO3 and KNO3), [...] Read more.
Mixotrophic microalgal cultivation can utilize CO2 and organic carbon sources. This study optimized the cultivation nitrogen source (peptone, urea, yeast extract, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NaNO3 and KNO3), carbon combination (glucose, glycerol, sucrose), (NH4)2SO4 nitrogen source and pH (6–11) in a local microalgae species with three characteristics (high pH-resistant, high growth rate and high lipid content). Chlorella sp. G3H3-1-2 biomass production and lipid accumulation were estimated using the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) concentration. The Chlorella sp. G3H3-1-2 FAME content was strongly influenced by the carbon, nitrogen sources and pH variations. The pH ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, which produced the highest specific growth rate of 1.22 day−1 for Chlorella sp. G3H3-1-2 while using glucose as the single carbon source. However, the highest total FAMEs content of 59% in the Chlorella sp. G3H3-1-2 biomass of 1.75 g/L was obtained while using the combination of 1 g-glucose/L as the carbon source and 0.2 g-(NH4)2SO4/L as the nitrogen source at the high pH value of 10. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II)
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22 pages, 3293 KiB  
Article
The Biological Responses of Staphylococcus aureus to Cold Plasma Treatment
by Kok Jun Liew, Xinhua Zhang, Xiaohong Cai, Dongdong Ren, Jingdi Chen, Zhidong Chang, Kheng Loong Chong, Melvin Chun Yun Tan and Chun Shiong Chong
Processes 2023, 11(4), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041188 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes various diseases in humans. Cold plasma is found to be an alternative to eliminate S. aureus. Most studies of cold plasma on S. aureus mainly focus on the physiochemical changes of the cells. So far, [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes various diseases in humans. Cold plasma is found to be an alternative to eliminate S. aureus. Most studies of cold plasma on S. aureus mainly focus on the physiochemical changes of the cells. So far, biological responses of S. aureus to cold plasma treatment under different treatment durations have not yet been evaluated. In this study, the results showed that the cold plasma was effective in eliminating S. aureus. At the initial exposure (1 min), the treated cells showed gene upregulations of stress proteins, antioxidants, nitrosative stress, and transporter proteins, but no significant change in other biological processes, such as cell membrane synthesis, DNA repairing, transcription, and translation. This indicated that the cells actively countered the damage from cold plasma. In contrast, during the prolonged treatment (3 and 5 min), biological processes related to central dogma were affected, including the DNA repairing mechanism, transcription, and translation. In addition, the majority of the genes related to cell membrane synthesis were downregulated, indicating that the treated cells could no longer sustain their cell integrity. In conclusion, this study elucidated how cold plasma inactivated S. aureus in a series of cold plasma exposures and highlighted the sequential transcriptomic responses of S. aureus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II)
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Review

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24 pages, 879 KiB  
Review
Transitioning towards Net-Zero Emissions in Chemical and Process Industries: A Holistic Perspective
by Peter Glavič, Zorka Novak Pintarič, Helena Levičnik, Vesna Dragojlović and Miloš Bogataj
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2647; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092647 - 4 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3924
Abstract
Given the urgency to combat climate change and ensure environmental sustainability, this review examines the transition to net-zero emissions in chemical and process industries. It addresses the core areas of carbon emissions reduction, efficient energy use, and sustainable practices. What is new, however, [...] Read more.
Given the urgency to combat climate change and ensure environmental sustainability, this review examines the transition to net-zero emissions in chemical and process industries. It addresses the core areas of carbon emissions reduction, efficient energy use, and sustainable practices. What is new, however, is that it focuses on cutting-edge technologies such as biomass utilization, biotechnology applications, and waste management strategies that are key drivers of this transition. In particular, the study addresses the unique challenges faced by industries such as cement manufacturing and highlights the need for innovative solutions to effectively reduce their carbon footprint. In particular, the role of hydrogen as a clean fuel is at the heart of revolutionizing the chemical and process sectors, pointing the way to cleaner and greener operations. In addition, the manuscript explores the immense importance of the European Green Deal and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the chemical industry. These initiatives provide a clear roadmap and framework for advancing sustainability, driving innovation, and reducing the industry’s environmental impact, and are a notable contribution to the existing body of knowledge. Ultimately, alignment with the European Green Deal and the SDGs can bring numerous benefits to the chemical industry, increasing its competitiveness, promoting societal well-being, and supporting cross-sector collaboration to achieve shared sustainability goals. By highlighting the novelty of integrating cutting-edge technologies, addressing unique industrial challenges, and positioning global initiatives, this report offers valuable insights to guide the chemical and process industries on their transformative path to a sustainable future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II)
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24 pages, 6986 KiB  
Review
Bioactivities of Kenaf Biomass Extracts: A Review
by Danial ‘Aizat Norhisham, Norsharina Md Saad, Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin, Diwiyaa A G Vayabari, Zul Ilham, Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim and Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
Processes 2023, 11(4), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041178 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3562
Abstract
Kenaf or Hibiscus cannabinus is an annual herbaceous crop that grows well in temperate regions with high rainfall and abundant solar radiation. This Malvaceae member is famously known for its high-quality fibre that is directly retrieved from its dried stem materials and is [...] Read more.
Kenaf or Hibiscus cannabinus is an annual herbaceous crop that grows well in temperate regions with high rainfall and abundant solar radiation. This Malvaceae member is famously known for its high-quality fibre that is directly retrieved from its dried stem materials and is useful in various industries, mainly in paper and pulp, bio-composite, textiles and manufacturing. With recent discoveries, kenaf can now be regarded as a multipurpose crop as its usage has been extended beyond its traditional applications, which include applications within the medicinal, pharmaceutical and food industries since its extracts possess several bioactivities that include anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antithrombotic abilities along with many more. The plant’s versatile applications and pharmaceutical activities come from its different plant parts such as its leaves, seeds, flowers and stems. This demonstrates that kenaf can also be safely regarded as a zero-waste crop, which is crucial for the sustainable development of any kenaf-based medicinal or therapeutic compounds. However, the biological properties of kenaf are still not known by many as industries mainly focus on the direct application of its fibre material. If this trend continues, the true potential of kenaf could be halted and undermined. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a concise overview of kenaf’s bioactivities that will hopefully provide better knowledge and understanding about this overlooked crop. This paper reviews the latest findings on kenaf’s bioactivities from its extracts that are retrieved from either its seeds, leaves, flowers or stems and provides additional information about its current status in Malaysia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well-Being—II)
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