Plant-Virus Interactions

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2020) | Viewed by 8967

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46011 Valencia, Spain
Interests: plant virus; virus replication; virus translation; antiviral silencing; viral suppression of RNA silencing; virus-host interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phytoviruses are highly prevalent in plants worldwide and one of the main threats to crops. The situation may become even more serious in the near future, as the current context of global warming may considerably favor virus emergence. For sustainable and healthy agricultural production, strategies for virus disease management must be developed that, to be effective, will require in-depth knowledge of the close interactions that viruses, obligate intracellular parasites, establish with their hosts. In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in this area, but there is still a long way to go and there are many challenges to face. Some, though not all, of the questions that deserve further attention include: (i) Molecular analysis of components, in either the virus or the plant, which affect or modulate plant–virus interactions; (ii) molecular bases of viral pathogenesis; (iii) effects of environmental conditions on the outcome of plant–virus interactions; or (iv) interference of viral infection with host signal transduction pathways. In addition, the potential of viruses to be used as tools for rewiring metabolic pathways or for inducing stress resistance in plants is only starting to be looked at. With the advent of “omic” technologies and, more recently, the development of highly efficient next generation sequencing approaches, together with the continuous improvement of data analysis pipelines, new avenues are opened to shed additional light on the intricate interplay between viruses and plants. Moreover, innovations in biological microscopy and in genome editing strategies are allowing virus researchers, on one side, to explore connections between the virus and the host at subcellular levels, and, on the other side, to expand the capability to genetically probe virus–host interactions and to identify novel antiviral targets. For this Special Issue, I strongly encourage colleagues to contribute with their most recent results to better understand the sophisticated relationships that plant viruses establish with their hosts.

Dr. Carmen Hernández
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antiviral responses
  • host factors
  • viral pathogenesis
  • host-driven viral evolution
  • RNA silencing suppression
  • virus resistance
  • plant virus

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 10034 KiB  
Article
Impact of Fungal Endophyte Colonization of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Induced Resistance to Thrips- and Aphid-Transmitted Viruses
by Simon Kiarie, Johnson O. Nyasani, Linnet S. Gohole, Nguya K. Maniania and Sevgan Subramanian
Plants 2020, 9(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040416 - 28 Mar 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4245
Abstract
In eastern Africa, Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is caused by the co-infection of maize plants with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) (Tombusviridae: Machlomovirus) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) (Potyviridae: Potyvirus). With the disease being new to Africa, minimal effective management strategies [...] Read more.
In eastern Africa, Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is caused by the co-infection of maize plants with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) (Tombusviridae: Machlomovirus) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) (Potyviridae: Potyvirus). With the disease being new to Africa, minimal effective management strategies exist against it. This study examined the potential of 10 fungal isolates to colonize maize plants and induce resistance against MCMV and SCMV. Maize seeds were soaked in fungal inoculum, sown and evaluated for endophytic colonization. Fungus-treated plants were challenge-inoculated with SCMV and/or MCMV to assess the effects of fungal isolates on the viruses in terms of incidence, severity and virus titers over time. Isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride and Hypocrea lixii colonized different plant sections. All plants singly or dually-inoculated with SCMV and MCMV tested positive for the viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Maize plants inoculated by T. harzianum and Metarhizium. anisopliae resulted in up to 1.4 and 2.7-fold reduced SCMV severity and titer levels, respectively, over the controls but had no significant effect on MCMV. The results show that both T. harzianum and M. anisopliae are potential candidates for inducing resistance against SCMV and can be used for the integrated management of MLN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant-Virus Interactions)
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15 pages, 1605 KiB  
Article
Light Intensity Modulates the Efficiency of Virus Seed Transmission through Modifications of Plant Tolerance
by Nuria Montes and Israel Pagán
Plants 2019, 8(9), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8090304 - 27 Aug 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4072
Abstract
Increased light intensity has been predicted as a major consequence of climate change. Light intensity is a critical resource involved in many plant processes, including the interaction with viruses. A central question to plant–virus interactions is understanding the determinants of virus dispersal among [...] Read more.
Increased light intensity has been predicted as a major consequence of climate change. Light intensity is a critical resource involved in many plant processes, including the interaction with viruses. A central question to plant–virus interactions is understanding the determinants of virus dispersal among plants. However, very little is known on the effect of environmental factors on virus transmission, particularly through seeds. The fitness of seed-transmitted viruses is highly dependent on host reproductive potential, and requires higher virus multiplication in reproductive organs. Thus, environmental conditions that favor reduced virus virulence without controlling its level of within-plant multiplication (i.e., tolerance) may enhance seed transmission. We tested the hypothesis that light intensity conditions that enhance plant tolerance promote virus seed transmission. To do so, we challenged 18 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) under high and low light intensity. Results indicated that higher light intensity increased TuMV multiplication and/or plant tolerance, which was associated with more efficient seed transmission. Conversely, higher light intensity reduced plant tolerance and CMV multiplication, and had no effect on seed transmission. This work provides novel insights on how environmental factors modulate plant virus transmission and contributes to understand the underlying processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant-Virus Interactions)
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