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Plants
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Plant Embryogenesis
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Plant Embryogenesis

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 14250

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza str. 59, PL-80-308 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: plant reproduction; plant embryology; ovule development; seed development; light and electron microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Embryogenesis plays a crucial role in the life cycle of plants. The fusion of the haploid female (egg cell) and male (sperm) gametes gives rise to a diploid zygote (the first cell of the sporophytic generation). The zygote possesses the ability to initiate embryogenesis, a developmental program that leads to the establishment of an embryo with the basic features of the adult body plan. Some of the embryological characters, such as types of embryogenesis, shape and structure of embryo, suspensor and haustoria, are important for establishing phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Studies on embryogenesis have relevance to the developmental and molecular biology.

Therefore, embryogenesis is an important process in creating a new generation. It comprises three elements: establishment of organization as an embryo, accumulation of food reserves in the embryo, and acquisition of desiccation tolerance and seed dormancy. These elements are accurately regulated by many factors, including phytohormones, proteins, transcription factors, and other substances associated with embryogenesis. Furthermore, successful embryogenesis is essential for plant fertility and reproductive efficiency.

Despite intense investigation, there are still open questions and challenges on this fascinating field. The methods to study plant embryogenesis have undergone a rapid evolution over the past decade. Many of the processes that underline embryogenesis are beginning to be understood, but there are still many questions that need to be answered. For example, our knowledge is still largely unknown about the regulatory mechanisms of various embryonic events at all levels. Understanding the genetic programs operating in the embryo is important not only for plant evolution but also for plant breeding and biotechnology.

Therefore, this Special Issue is open to original research papers, reviews, and other forms of scientific communication that increase our fundamental understanding of plant embryogenesis and its regulation, including genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. All studies at the structural, genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels in many different types of plants (both in model and non-model plants) are most welcome.

Dr. Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fertilization
  • ontogeny
  • embryo development
  • embryonic productivity
  • embryo maturation
  • embryo storage
  • embryo/endosperm/sporophyte interactions
  • embryo suspensor
  • programmed cell death
  • polarity and signalling in embryo
  • genetic and epigenetic regulation of embryo
  • hormonal regulation of embryo development
  • somatic embryo
  • embryo manipulation
  • reproductive trait

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4822 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of Douglas-Fir LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (PmLEC1) in Arabidopsis Induces Embryonic Programs and Embryo-like Structures in the lec1-1 Mutant but Not in Wild Type Plants
by Mariana A. Vetrici, Dmytro P. Yevtushenko and Santosh Misra
Plants 2021, 10(8), 1526; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081526 - 26 Jul 2021
Viewed by 2004
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most promising method for the quick propagation of desirable plant genotypes. However, application of SE to conifers remains challenging due to our limited knowledge about the genes involved in embryogenesis and the processes that lead to somatic embryo [...] Read more.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most promising method for the quick propagation of desirable plant genotypes. However, application of SE to conifers remains challenging due to our limited knowledge about the genes involved in embryogenesis and the processes that lead to somatic embryo formation. Douglas-fir, an economically important lumber species, possesses a homolog of the angiosperm embryo-regulatory LEC1 gene. In the present study, we analyzed the potential of Douglas-fir PmLEC1 to induce embryonic programs in the vegetative cells of a heterologous host, Arabidopsis thaliana. PmLEC1 complemented the Arabidopsis lec1-1 null mutant and led to a variety of phenotypes ranging from normal morphology to developmental arrest at various stages in the T1 generation. PmLEC1 did not affect the morphology of wild type Arabidopsis T1 plants. More profound results occurred in T2 generations. PmLEC1 expression induced formation of recurrent somatic embryo-like structures in vegetative tissues of the rescued lec1-1 mutant but loss of apical dominance (bushy phenotype) in wild type plants. The activation of embryonic programs in the lec1-1PmLEC1 T2 plants was confirmed by the presence of the embryo-specific transcripts, OLEOSIN and CRUCIFERIN. In contrast, no embryo-like structures, and no OLEOSIN or CRUCIFERIN were observed in PmLEC1-expressing bushy wild type T2 plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Embryogenesis)
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10 pages, 3201 KiB  
Article
Gene Expression in Parthenogenic Maize Proembryos
by Irina Volokhina, Yury Gusev, Yelizaveta Moiseeva, Olga Gutorova, Vladimir Fadeev and Mikhail Chumakov
Plants 2021, 10(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050964 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
Angiosperm plants reproduce both sexually and asexually (by apomixis). In apomictic plants, the embryo and endosperm develop without fertilization. Modern maize seems to have a broken apomixis-triggering mechanism, which still works in Tripsacum and in Tripsacum–maize hybrids. For the first time, maize [...] Read more.
Angiosperm plants reproduce both sexually and asexually (by apomixis). In apomictic plants, the embryo and endosperm develop without fertilization. Modern maize seems to have a broken apomixis-triggering mechanism, which still works in Tripsacum and in Tripsacum–maize hybrids. For the first time, maize lines characterized by pronounced and inheritable high-frequency maternal parthenogenesis were generated 40 years ago, but there are no data on gene expression in parthenogenic maize proembryos. Here we examined for the first time gene expression in parthenogenic proembryos isolated from unpollinated embryo sacs (ESs) of a parthenogenic maize line (AT-4). The DNA-methylation genes (dmt103, dmt105) and the genes coding for the chromatin-modifying enzymes (chr106, hdt104, hon101) were expressed much higher in parthenogenic proembryos than in unpollinated ESs. The expression of the fertilization-independent endosperm (fie1) genes was found for the first time in parthenogenic proembryos and unpollinated ESs. In parthenogenic proembryos, the Zm_fie2 gene was expressed up to two times higher than it was expressed in unpollinated ESs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Embryogenesis)
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Review

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23 pages, 9167 KiB  
Review
Tissue Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Warm-Season Grasses—Current Status and Its Applications: A Review
by Melody Ballitoc Muguerza, Takahiro Gondo, Genki Ishigaki, Yasuyo Shimamoto, Nafiatul Umami, Pattama Nitthaisong, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman and Ryo Akashi
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091263 - 7 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3670
Abstract
Warm-season grasses are C4 plants and have a high capacity for biomass productivity. These grasses are utilized in many agricultural production systems with their greatest value as feeds for livestock, bioethanol, and turf. However, many important warm-season perennial grasses multiply either by [...] Read more.
Warm-season grasses are C4 plants and have a high capacity for biomass productivity. These grasses are utilized in many agricultural production systems with their greatest value as feeds for livestock, bioethanol, and turf. However, many important warm-season perennial grasses multiply either by vegetative propagation or form their seeds by an asexual mode of reproduction called apomixis. Therefore, the improvement of these grasses by conventional breeding is difficult and is dependent on the availability of natural genetic variation and its manipulation through breeding and selection. Recent studies have indicated that plant tissue culture system through somatic embryogenesis complements and could further develop conventional breeding programs by micropropagation, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, and genome editing. This review summarizes the tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis in warm-season grasses and focus on current status and above applications including the author’s progress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Embryogenesis)
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16 pages, 325 KiB  
Review
Cloning Coconut via Somatic Embryogenesis: A Review of the Current Status and Future Prospects
by Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, Zhihua Mu, Eveline Yee Yan Kong, Julianne Biddle, Robyn Cave, Amirhossein Bazrafshan, Kusinara Wijayabandara, Fernanda Caro Beveridge, Quang Nguyen and Steve W. Adkins
Plants 2021, 10(10), 2050; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102050 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4215
Abstract
Coconut [Cocos nucifera L.] is often called “the tree of life” because of its many uses in the food, beverage, medicinal, and cosmetic industries. Currently, more than 50% of the palms grown throughout the world are senile and need to be [...] Read more.
Coconut [Cocos nucifera L.] is often called “the tree of life” because of its many uses in the food, beverage, medicinal, and cosmetic industries. Currently, more than 50% of the palms grown throughout the world are senile and need to be replanted immediately to ensure production levels meet the present and increasing demand for coconut products. Mass replanting will not be possible using traditional propagation methods from seed. Recent studies have indicated that in vitro cloning via somatic embryogenesis is the most promising alternative for the large-scale production of new coconut palms. This paper provides a review on the status and prospects for the application of somatic embryogenesis to mass clonal propagation of coconut. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Embryogenesis)
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