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Flower Development in Ornamental Plants
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Flower Development in Ornamental Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 3842

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lian Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: regulation of inflorescence shape and plant architecture of chrysanthemum; ray and disc floret identity specification
Dr. Jinyi Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: germplasm resources collection; multi-omics evaluation; regulation of inflorescence shape and plant architecture of roses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flowers are not only important reproductive organs but also primary ornamental organs, which are of great economic importance to the agricultural industry. Over the past 30 years since the ABCE model was proposed, Increasing key regulators of flower development in non-model plants have been identified, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of flower development. However, due to the wide variety of ornamental plants, diverse flower structures, and complex genetic background, much remains to be discovered. These will gradually be revealed with technological advances in omics, gene editing, and molecular biology. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the morphogenesis, shape, size, symmetry and diversity of flower and inflorescence in ornamental crops, and the effects of environmental factors on flower development.

Dr. Lian Ding
Dr. Jinyi Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flower development
  • flower/inflorescence type
  • flower size
  • flower shape
  • flower symmetry
  • transcriptional regulation
  • plant hormone
  • identity specification

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7840 KiB  
Article
Morphological Characteristics and Expression Patterns of CmCYC2c of Different Flower Shapes in Chrysanthemum morifolium
by Taijia Qiu, Song Li, Kunkun Zhao, Diwen Jia, Fadi Chen and Lian Ding
Plants 2023, 12(21), 3728; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213728 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1245
Abstract
The chrysanthemum is widely used as a cut flower, potted flower, and garden flower worldwide and has high ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. The flower heads, composed of ray florets and disc florets, are the most diverse in terms of morphology among ornamental [...] Read more.
The chrysanthemum is widely used as a cut flower, potted flower, and garden flower worldwide and has high ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. The flower heads, composed of ray florets and disc florets, are the most diverse in terms of morphology among ornamental plants. Here, we compared and analyzed the developmental processes of different capitulum types as well as ray florets and disc florets. Morphological differentiation of the two florets occurred on the dorsal domain of the petals at stage Ⅳ of flower development, and differences in stamen development occurred at stage Ⅴ. The dorsal domain of the ray florets and the early stage of flower development were also an essential site and period, respectively, for the differences among capitulum types. In situ hybridization revealed that CmCYC2c, whose homologs are involved in the specification of floret identity in Asteraceae, was expressed in both the dorsal and ventral domains of the ray petals in the tubular-type chrysanthemum, whereas, it was differentially transcribed in the ray petals of flat- and spoon-type chrysanthemum cultivars and had lower or no expression in the dorsal domain and higher expression in the ventral domain at stage Ⅳ. Our study indicates that the expression pattern of CmCYC2c on the dorsal domain of the ray floret at stage Ⅳ contributes to the formation of diverse flower head types in chrysanthemums. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flower Development in Ornamental Plants)
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17 pages, 40275 KiB  
Article
Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of Geranium koreanum Kom. (Geraniaceae)
by Wanpei Lu, Zhongzhou Han, Qinghua Liu, Kuiling Wang, Qingchao Liu and Xuebin Song
Plants 2023, 12(18), 3178; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183178 - 5 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1192
Abstract
Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of Geranium koreanum was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different [...] Read more.
Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of Geranium koreanum was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different growth stages of G. koreanum buds were examined in detail using scanning electron microscope and stereo microscope. The development of mixed buds started from the flattened apical meristem. The stipule and leaf primordia arose first. Subsequently, the hemispherical meristem was divided into two hemispheres, forming a terminal bud and floral bud primordia, followed by lateral bud differentiation. The formation of the terminal and lateral buds of G. koreanum was sequential and their differentiation positions were also different. The floral bud primordia would develop into two flower units and four bracts. The primordia of a flower bud first formed the sepal primordia, then the stamen and petal primordia, and finally the pistil primordia. Compared to the stamen primordia, the growth of the petal primordia was slower. Finally, all organs, especially the petals and pistil, grew rapidly. When the pistil and petals exceeded the stamens and the petals changed color, the flower bud was ready to bloom. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flower Development in Ornamental Plants)
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17 pages, 27280 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Two AGAMOUS-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Cymbidium faberi (Orchidaceae)
by Jiayi Li, Ling Wang, Xiangjian Chen, Lingtian Zeng, Yalan Su and Zhixiong Liu
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2740; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142740 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1044
Abstract
Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens’ and carpels’ identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs [...] Read more.
Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens’ and carpels’ identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs of eudicots and other monocot species. The molecular basis of orchid gynostemium development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two AG-like genes, CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2, and their promoters from C. faberi. Both CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 are highly expressed in the anther cap, gynostemium, and ovary. Ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 promotes early flowering of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 completely rescues floral defects in the Arabidopsis ag-1 mutant, while ectopic expression of CyfaAG2 only completes filament and carpel development. Our findings suggest that CyfaAG1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved C-function gene in determining reproductive organ identity and mediating floral meristem determinacy. CyfaAG2 redundantly mediates the C-function in floral meristem determinacy and gynostemium development. Our results provided more details to understand how the C-class function has been partitioned in orchids, and the roles of two AG orthologs in regulating gynostemium development in C. faberi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flower Development in Ornamental Plants)
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