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Pharmacy
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An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency
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An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency

A special issue of Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacy Practice and Practice-Based Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 9573

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. L Douglas Ried

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Interests: clinical competency; assessment; experiential learning; continuing professional development
Prof. Dr. Craig D. Cox

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pharmacy Practice and Vice Chair, Experiential Programs, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
Interests: preceptor training; faculty development; emotional intelligence; layered learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit a manuscript for the Special Issue on “An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency” in the journal Pharmacy. Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787) is an international scientific open access journal on pharmacy education and practice published quarterly online by MDPI. The journal is indexed by PubMed, ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index), and Web of Science. Furthermore, Pharmacy is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Therefore, submissions are peer-reviewed rigorously to conform to the highest standards.

Pharmacy is a skills-based profession based on the acquisition and application of knowledge and aptitude. The quest for clinical competency starts with formal education and must be pursued for one’s entire professional career. Patients are at risk of injury if their care-givers are incompetent in every profession. However, as the need for this Special Issue suggests, the state-of-the-art of pharmacy professional and clinical competency warrants a careful examination and a thoughtful look into the future. Nor is clinical competency problematic for individual or less developed countries.

The overall goal of this Special Issue on “International Clinical Competency” is to give the reader a synopsis of contemporary pharmacy and pharmacist clinical competency. It is being designed to share innovative ideas for definition, identification, improvement, and possibilities for educational and postgraduate training now and into the future. To accomplish this goal, we seek papers that address the social, political, legal, clinical, and economic factors that are associated with the acceptance, delay and resistance in adoption of standards for pharmacy and pharmacist clinical competency; historically, now, and in the future.

This Special Interest Issue begins with topics relevant to clinical competency assurance in pharmacy education. For example, what are the positive and negative consequences of the trend towards pass/fail in advanced and introductory pharmacy practice experiences and entrusted professional activities (EPAs) in the US; strengths and weaknesses of different international licensure requirements and protocols; meeting standards for readiness to practice upon graduation; sufficiency of licensure to assure clinical competence of new graduates; assurance of student skills and testing of student competency in education, and trends away from clinical internships to incorporating practice experiences into the PharmD and Masters educational programs? When is a country ready to transition from internships or apprenticeships to incorporating supervised experiences into the educational programs?

With respect to postgraduate clinical competency, there is no accepted international definition of competency. However, should there be given the diversity of practice settings and needs? Clinical competency is often justified as being “in the eye of the beholder”. However, is the reliability and validity of professionals’ assessments assured? Is every beholder’s assessment reliable and valid? From a legal and regulatory perspective, who has been and should be responsible for oversight of clinical competency? Should there be requirements for residencies for pharmacists with direct patient care or local or global postgraduate testing as with board certification? What is the international status regarding research and standardization on clinical competency in education and in postgraduate practice; especially given the globalization of practice and potential for international licensure transfer? Are known methods sufficient to assure competency? For example, will continuing professional development (CPD) ensure professional competency given the plethora of local and global definitions of clinical competency? Clinical competency is not just a less developed country issue. How does and should competency differ with different practices throughout the world. How can less developed countries inform more developed countries in areas of strength of practice and direct patient care? What lessons have been learned by those authorities struggling with definition, identification, and assurance of clinical competency?

For the Special Issue on “International Pharmacy Clinical Competency”, we seek a full breadth of manuscripts including, but not limited to: (1) reviews, (2) commentaries, (3) idea papers, (4) demonstration and research studies, (5) and case studies.

As an example, you may wish to take a look at previous Special Issues: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmacy/special_issues

If the Special Issue publishes more than 10 papers, the publisher will print a book edition. The book would be made available, in digital format (for free) and paperback copies (ordered via Amazon) on the MDPI platform (http://books.mdpi.com).

Thank you for considering this invitation.

Prof. Dr. L Douglas Ried
Prof. Dr. Craig D. Cox
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmacy is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Clinical competency
  • Practice skills assessment
  • Pharmacy
  • Continuous quality improvement
  • Preceptors
  • Global performance indicators
  • Professional development

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 538 KiB  
Article
Implementation of a Teaching Electronic Medical Record within Didactic Instruction Using a Drug Information Question Assignment
by Jacqueline Wasynczuk and Amy H. Sheehan
Pharmacy 2021, 9(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010035 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2595
Abstract
Background: Pharmacy graduates are expected to be practice-ready to deliver quality patient care, which includes having comprehensive knowledge of health informatics and electronic medical records (EMRs). The purpose of this study was to (1) incorporate an EMR within a pharmacy student assignment, and [...] Read more.
Background: Pharmacy graduates are expected to be practice-ready to deliver quality patient care, which includes having comprehensive knowledge of health informatics and electronic medical records (EMRs). The purpose of this study was to (1) incorporate an EMR within a pharmacy student assignment, and (2) assess student perceptions of use of the EMR. Methods: Student pharmacists received a patient-specific drug-related question and were required to use an EMR to provide an accurate response. Following completion of the assignment, students were invited to complete a retrospective, pre-post survey instrument to collect their perceptions. Results: Only 28.8% of respondents reported prior experience using an EMR. Student perceptions about use of an EMR within the didactic setting significantly improved from before to after the assignment. Differences were found in respondents who agreed that didactic use of an EMR increased their confidence in obtaining information from an EMR (20.5% to 82.8%) and improved their knowledge of EMR systems (61.4% to 89.3%). Conclusions: Implementation of an EMR within didactic instruction may serve as the first exposure to health informatics for students and positively impacts student perceptions of these tools prior to entry into pharmacy practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency)
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9 pages, 218 KiB  
Commentary
Adapting a National Framework to Inform Curricular Redesign Focused on Enhancing Student Clinical Competency
by Andrew Bzowyckyj, Bridget Bradley, Pauline Cawley, Brandon Nuziale and Sarah White
Pharmacy 2021, 9(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9020089 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3075
Abstract
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs continually engage in curricular redesign to ensure practice readiness of graduates. With ever-increasing demands on clinical competency and curricular time, it is important to be intentional when determining curricular priorities and prioritize contemporary pharmacist practice. This paper describes [...] Read more.
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs continually engage in curricular redesign to ensure practice readiness of graduates. With ever-increasing demands on clinical competency and curricular time, it is important to be intentional when determining curricular priorities and prioritize contemporary pharmacist practice. This paper describes how to adapt a national framework for pharmacotherapy curricula to emphasize the pharmacist’s role within a given topic area in order to facilitate conversations about allotting curricular time during a curricular redesign. Customized Tier descriptions based on various factors expected of student pharmacists during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) were developed (e.g., relative autonomy of the pharmacist in managing the topic, emphasis on licensing exams, frequency with which students can expect to encounter the topic at school-specific experiential placements, and condition-specific information). Topics were also reprioritized to address regional variations in practice and ideologies. Customizing a national framework to determine program-specific considerations for prioritizing topics within the pre-APPE curriculum can help faculty and students alike maintain focus on highly critical and foundational concepts, while also making sure not to completely disregard topics of lower priority. We have proposed such a framework for programs to utilize when facilitating conversations surrounding curricular reforms and topic prioritization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency)
9 pages, 248 KiB  
Perspective
Pharmaceutical Care in Sports
by José Henrique Gialongo Gonçales Bomfim
Pharmacy 2020, 8(4), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040218 - 16 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3480
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care in sports is a new field of work to clinical pharmacists, focused on promoting pharmacotherapeutic follow up and clinical services to athletes, physical activity practitioners and enthusiasts of any sports modality. A broad range of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal drugs [...] Read more.
Pharmaceutical care in sports is a new field of work to clinical pharmacists, focused on promoting pharmacotherapeutic follow up and clinical services to athletes, physical activity practitioners and enthusiasts of any sports modality. A broad range of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal drugs have been used historically as performance promoters, doping or ergogenic aids. In this context, the role of pharmacists in prevent adverse events, drug interactions or any drug related problems, as doping issues, was described. Its actions can be important to contribute with a multi professional clinical health team, leading athletes to use these resources in a rational way, promoting and optimizing the therapeutic when its necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An International Professional Mandate: Pharmacy Clinical Competency)
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