Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 6831

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School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Interests: fungal taxonomy and phylogeny; ecology and plant pathology; mycology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue considers filamentous fungi and their role as pathogens. Fungi are extremely important components of diseases. The Special Issue will include research about fungi spreading diseases to plants, insects, and humans. The included papers will deal with specific topics or genera of pathogens. Using molecular data to identify species is a prevalent theme in each paper.

Prof. Dr. Kevin D. Hyde
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Filamentous Fungi Associated with Disease Symptoms in Non-Native Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in Germany—A Gateway for Alien Fungal Pathogens?
by Gitta Jutta Langer, Steffen Bien and Johanna Bußkamp
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090715 - 23 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi associated with disease symptoms in non-native giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in Germany were investigated in ten cases of disease in Northwest Germany. During the study period from 2018 to 2023, a total of 81 species of Dikaria were isolated [...] Read more.
Filamentous fungi associated with disease symptoms in non-native giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in Germany were investigated in ten cases of disease in Northwest Germany. During the study period from 2018 to 2023, a total of 81 species of Dikaria were isolated from woody tissue and needles of giant sequoia and morphotyped. Morphotypes were assigned to species designations based on ITS-sequence comparison and, in part, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Nine species were recognised as new reports for Germany or on giant sequoia: Amycosphaerella africana, Botryosphaeria parva, Coniochaeta acaciae, C. velutina, Muriformistrickeria rubi, Pestalotiopsis australis, P. monochaeta, Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, and Rhizosphaera minteri. The threat posed to giant sequoia and other forest trees in Germany by certain, especially newly reported, fungal species is being discussed. The detection of a considerable number of new fungal records in the trees studied suggests that giant sequoia cultivation may be a gateway for alien fungal species in Germany. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 3989 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Cinnamon, Cloves, Melia azedarach L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Infected Vegetables in Mauritius
by Rajesh Jeewon, Shaan B. Pudaruth, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Aadil Ahmad Aullybux, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar and Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060436 - 22 May 2024
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Abstract
Background: Fusarium species, a group of economically destructive phytopathogens, are poorly studied in Mauritius where agriculture holds much significance. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of organic farming has prompted interest in alternatives to chemical fungicides. Methods: After gaining an overview of Fusarium prevalence in [...] Read more.
Background: Fusarium species, a group of economically destructive phytopathogens, are poorly studied in Mauritius where agriculture holds much significance. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of organic farming has prompted interest in alternatives to chemical fungicides. Methods: After gaining an overview of Fusarium prevalence in Mauritius fields through a survey, the pathogen was isolated from infected crops and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Methanol and water extracts were then prepared from Melia azedarach, Ocimum gratissimum, cinnamon and cloves before determining their phytochemical profiles. Additionally, the antioxidant and antifungal effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts were assessed. Results: The isolate was confirmed as Fusarium oxysporum, and cloves inhibited its growth by up to 100%, especially at 60 and 90 g/L, with the results being significantly higher than those of the synthetic fungicide mancozeb. Over 50% inhibition was also noted for cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum, and these effects could be linked to the flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids in the extracts. Conclusion: This study presented the aqueous extracts of cloves, cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum as potential alternatives to chemical fungicides. It also confirmed the prevalence of Fusarium infection in Mauritius fields, thereby highlighting the need for additional studies on the pathogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition)
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31 pages, 8392 KiB  
Article
First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand
by Chada Norphanphoun and Kevin D. Hyde
Pathogens 2023, 12(12), 1436; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121436 - 10 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola [...] Read more.
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan’s mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 5289 KiB  
Article
Appressoria-Producing Sordariomycetes Taxa Associated with Jasminum Species
by Deecksha Gomdola, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Kevin D. Hyde, Digvijayini Bundhun and Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
Pathogens 2023, 12(12), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121407 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Appressoria are specialized structures formed by certain phytopathogenic fungi during the early stages of the infection process. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the formation, types, and functions of appressoria. Besides being formed primarily by fungal pathogens, many studies [...] Read more.
Appressoria are specialized structures formed by certain phytopathogenic fungi during the early stages of the infection process. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the formation, types, and functions of appressoria. Besides being formed primarily by fungal pathogens, many studies have reported their occurrence in other life modes such as endophytes, epiphytes, and saprobes. In this study, we observed the formation of appressoria in fungal genera that have been found associated with leaf spots and, interestingly, by a saprobic species. We used morphological descriptions and illustrations, molecular phylogeny, coalescent-based Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, inter- and intra-species genetic distances based on their respective DNA markers, and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition Analysis (GCPSR) to establish a new species (Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini), a Ciliochorella sp., and a new host record (Coniella malaysiana). The Ciliochorella sp. is reported as a saprobe, while Pseudoplagiostoma jasmini and Coniella malaysiana were found to be associated with leaf spots of Jasminum species. All three taxa produce appressoria, and this is the first study that reports the formation of appressoria by a Ciliochorella sp. and a Pseudoplagiostoma sp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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30 pages, 1445 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Aspergillus Species Associated with Plant Diseases
by Latiffah Zakaria
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090813 - 20 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1046
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus contains several species that are important plant pathogens. Plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. affect agricultural crops in the field as well as after harvest, often associated with corn ear rot, cotton boll rot, peanut yellow mold, black mold of onion and [...] Read more.
The genus Aspergillus contains several species that are important plant pathogens. Plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. affect agricultural crops in the field as well as after harvest, often associated with corn ear rot, cotton boll rot, peanut yellow mold, black mold of onion and garlic, fruit rot on grapes, pomegranates, olives, citrus, and apples. Coffee berries and coffee beans as well as tree nuts are also frequently infected by Aspergillus spp. Some of the plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. are also mycotoxigenic, produced mycotoxin in the plant tissues leading to contamination of agricultural products. Over the years, reports of plant diseases caused by Aspergillus in various crops have increased, suggesting they are commonly encountered plant pathogens. This review focuses on agricultural crops or cultivated plants infected by Aspergillus spp. The compilation of plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. provides information to mycologists, particularly those involved in plant pathology and crop protection, with updated information on plant diseases caused by various species of Aspergillus. The updated information also includes the locality or location, province, state and the country. The knowledge on the prevalence and geographic distribution of plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. is beneficial in the application of crop protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Filamentous Fungal Pathogens: 2nd Edition)
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