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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 19923

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues

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Guest Editor

1. Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
2. Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, i3S, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Interests: exercise physiology; obesity-related disorders; breast cancer; hormones
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Dr. José Afonso

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Co-Guest Editor

Centre for Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
Interests: training theory and methodology; exercise prescription; performance analysis; strength and conditioning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sport and exercise performance is influenced by many contextual factors and by individual responses. Responses to an exercise intervention are generally highly variable between individuals, and may be mediated, in part, by nutritional intake, even though individuals respond differently to the same nutrients and/or supplements intake. A novel methodological approach is shifting away from a universal one-size-fits-all into nutrition personalized for sports and exercise that respects interindividual variability. This approach is of utmost importance in applications relating to high-performance sports athletes, healthy populations, or individuals with specific conditions, such as obesity and related disorders, osteoporosis, elderly, cancer, pregnancy and post-partum, among others. In addition, the individual responses to exercise result from changes in expression of genes mediated specifically by exercise and the interaction between exercise, dietary intake, and genetic variation. In fact, genetic variations can affect the absorption, metabolization, utilization, and the transport nutrients with a significant physiological impact in both health and high-performance contexts. A personalized nutrition is designed to tailored food and/or supplements intake to improve directly (performance) or indirectly (health, body composition, metabolism, microbiota) exercise and sports performance. This Special Issue entitled “Personalized Sports and Exercise Nutrition” comprises manuscripts with recent advances in the analysis and monitoring of individual responses to exercise and food and/or nutrients and/or supplements intake, as well as the novel applications of nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, metabolomic, and microbiota profiling.

Dr. Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
Dr. José Afonso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

athletic performance
exercise prescription
precision nutrition
nutrigenetic
microbiota
metabolism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Gene Polymorphisms?—An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes

by Guilherme Falcão Mendes, Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, Higor Spineli, Gabriel Barreto, Natália Yumi Noronha, Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe, Carla Barbosa Nonino, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo, Bryan Saunders and Renata Puppin Zandonadi

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3355; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163355 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1785

Abstract

This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 (90% male and 10% female, regular caffeine consumers) completed the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires and a self-report online questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, general health status, and frequency of caffeine consumption. The order of completion of the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires was counterbalanced. The concordance between the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To determine the discriminatory capacity of the questionnaires for genotype, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied for sensitivity and specificity (significance level of 5%). Mean caffeine intake was 244 ± 161 mg·day⁻¹. The frequency of AA genotypes for CYP1A2 was 47.9% (n = 34) and 52.1% (n = 37) for C-allele carriers (AC and CC). The frequencies of TT genotypes for ADORA2A were 22.7% (n = 15) and 77.3% (n = 51) for C-allele carriers (TC and CC). All CaffEQ-BR factors, for the full and brief versions, were ICCs > 0.75, except for factor 6 (anxiety/negative effects; ICC = 0.60), and presented ROC curve values from 0.464 to 0.624 and 0.443 to 0.575 for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Overall, the CaffEQ-BR (full and brief versions) did not show discriminatory capacity for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms. In conclusion, the CaffEQ-BR was not able to differentiate genotypes for the CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genes in this group of Brazilian athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Exercise and Sports Nutrition)

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11 pages, 1294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Intake and Training Load of Professional Female Football Players during a Mid-Season Microcycle

by César Leão, António Pedro Mendes, Catarina Custódio, Mafalda Ng, Nuno Ribeiro, Nuno Loureiro, João Pedro Araújo, José Afonso, Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues and Francisco Tavares

Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2149; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102149 - 21 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3368

Abstract

Football (soccer) is a high-intensity intermittent sport with large energy demands. In a repeated-measures design, we analysed the nutritional intake and training load of fourteen female football players (22.50 ± 4.38 y; 57.23 ± 8.61 kg; 164 ± 6.00 cm; 18.33 ± 2.48% of fat mass and 23.71 ± 2.51 kg of muscle mass) competing in the highest female Football Portuguese League across a typical mid-season microcycle. The microcycle had one match day (MD), one recovery session (two days after the MD, MD+2), three training sessions (MD-3, MD-2, MD-1) and two rest days (MD+1). Energy intake and CHO (g.kg.BW⁻¹) intake were lower on the days before the competition (MD+2, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1 vs. MD; p < 0.05; ES: 0.60–1.30). Total distance, distance covered at high-speed running (HSRD) and the high metabolic distance load (HMLD) were lower on MD+2, MD-3 and MD-1 compared with MD (p < 0.05; ES: <0.2–5.70). The internal training load was lower in all training sessions before the competition (MD+2, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1 vs. MD; p ≤ 0.01; ES: 1.28–5.47). Despite the small sample size and a single assessment in time, the results suggest that caloric and CHO intake were below the recommendations and were not structured based on the physical requirements for training sessions or match days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Exercise and Sports Nutrition)

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Review

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16 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review

by Diogo V. Martinho, Hadi Nobari, Ana Faria, Adam Field, Daniel Duarte and Hugo Sarmento

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4002; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194002 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9398

Abstract

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are oxidized in the muscle and result in stimulating anabolic signals—which in return may optimize performance, body composition and recovery. Meanwhile, among athletes, the evidence about BCAA supplementation is not clear. The aim of this study was to review the effects of BCAAs in athletic populations. The research was conducted in three databases: Web of Science (all databases), PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria involved participants classified both as athletes and people who train regularly, and who were orally supplemented with BCAAs. The risk of bias was individually assessed for each study using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). From the 2298 records found, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although BCAAs tended to activate anabolic signals, the benefits on performance and body composition were negligible. On the other hand, studies that included resistance participants showed that BCAAs attenuated muscle soreness after exercise, while in endurance sports the findings were inconsistent. The protocols of BCAA supplements differed considerably between studies. Moreover, most of the studies did not report the total protein intake across the day and, consequently, the benefits of BCAAs should be interpreted with caution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Exercise and Sports Nutrition)

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20 pages, 1291 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exercise: A Possibly Effective Way to Improve Vitamin D Nutritional Status

by Jinghua Zhang and Zhen-Bo Cao

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132652 - 27 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3896

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency has become a widespread public health problem owing to its potential adverse health effects. Generally, the nutritional status of vitamin D depends on sunlight exposure and dietary or supplementary intake. However, recent studies have found that exercise can influence circulating 25(OH)D levels; although, the results have been inconclusive. In this review, we focused on the effect of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolites and their possible mechanisms. We found that endurance exercise can significantly increase serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D-deficient people but has no significant effect on vitamin D-sufficient people. This benefit has not been observed with resistance training. Only chronic endurance exercise training can significantly increase serum 1,25(OH)₂D, and the effect may be sex-dependent. Exercise may influence 25(OH)D levels in the circulation by regulating either the vitamin D metabolites stored in tissues or the utilization by target tissues. The effects of exercise on 25(OH)D levels in the circulation may be dependent on many factors, such as the vitamin D nutritional status, exercise type and intensity, and sex. Therefore, further research on the effects and mechanisms of exercise on vitamin D metabolites is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Exercise and Sports Nutrition)

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