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Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 November 2022) | Viewed by 11601

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Karani S. Vimaleswaran

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Guest Editor

Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
Interests: lifestyle–gene interactions; diet–gene interactions; physical activity–gene interactions; nutrigenetics; nutrigenomics; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; gut microbiome; precision nutrition; personalised nutrition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The completion of human genome sequencing and the introduction of high-throughout ‘omic’ technologies have allowed a better understanding of nutrient–gene interactions, which vary between genotypes, with the ultimate goal of developing personalised nutrition strategies for optimal health and disease prevention.

Humans are affected by both environmental and genetic factors; both factors must be considered equally to maintain the normal health condition of an individual. Previous studies were mostly directed at either the effects of environmental factors alone or solely genes; none have focused on both together. Recently, gene–nutrient and gene–physical activity interactions have been investigated. Nutrition and physical activity may impact health outcomes by directly affecting gene expression in critical metabolic pathways. Improved health outcomes can be achieved if nutritional requirements are individually tailored taking into consideration the genetic make-up, life stage, dietary preferences, physical activity levels, and health status of an individual. This area of scientific research necessitates a better understanding of the mechanisms of nutrient-dependent interactions at the genetic, molecular, protein, and metabolic profile levels.

This Special Issue, “Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases”, welcomes manuscripts detailing human and animal studies focused on the roles of lifestyle (diet and physical activity) and genetic factors in complex diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, as well as in vitro studies aimed at elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of lifestyle–gene interactions. Experimental papers, up-to-date review articles, and commentaries will all be considered.

Prof. Dr. Karani S. S Vimaleswaran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nutrient–gene interactions
gene–physical activity interactions
nutrigenetics
nutrigenomics
sports nutrigenetics
sports nutrigenomics
obesity
diabetes
cardiovascular disease
gut microbiome

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data

by Ho Suk Kang, So Young Kim, Hyo Geun Choi, Hyun Lim, Joo-Hee Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Seong-Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam, Kyueng-Whan Min, Ha Young Park, Nan Young Kim, Younghee Choi and Mi Jung Kwon

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224834 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1643

Abstract

This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs (>20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005–2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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14 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults

by Buthaina E. Alathari, David A. Nyakotey, Abdul-Malik Bawah, Julie A. Lovegrove, Reginald A. Annan, Basma Ellahi and Karani S. Vimaleswaran

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2763; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132763 - 4 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2663

Abstract

The Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25–60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (p_interaction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, p_interaction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene–diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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14 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Lipid Genetic Risk Score and Saturated Fatty Acid Intake on Central Obesity in an Asian Indian Population

by Ramatu Wuni, Evelyn Adela Nathania, Ashok K. Ayyappa, Nagarajan Lakshmipriya, Kandaswamy Ramya, Rajagopal Gayathri, Gunasekaran Geetha, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Gunter G. C. Kuhnle, Venkatesan Radha, Viswanathan Mohan, Vasudevan Sudha and Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2713; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132713 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2540

Abstract

Abnormalities in lipid metabolism have been linked to the development of obesity. We used a nutrigenetic approach to establish a link between lipids and obesity in Asian Indians, who are known to have a high prevalence of central obesity and dyslipidaemia. A sample of 497 Asian Indian individuals (260 with type 2 diabetes and 237 with normal glucose tolerance) (mean age: 44 ± 10 years) were randomly chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). Dietary intake was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire. A genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed based on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genetic variants. There was a significant interaction between GRS and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake on waist circumference (WC) (P_interaction = 0.006). Individuals with a low SFA intake (≤23.2 g/day), despite carrying ≥2 risk alleles, had a smaller WC compared to individuals carrying <2 risk alleles (Beta = −0.01 cm; p = 0.03). For those individuals carrying ≥2 risk alleles, a high SFA intake (>23.2 g/day) was significantly associated with a larger WC than a low SFA intake (≤23.2 g/day) (Beta = 0.02 cm, p = 0.02). There were no significant interactions between GRS and other dietary factors on any of the measured outcomes. We conclude that a diet low in SFA might help reduce the genetic risk of central obesity confirmed by CETP and LPL genetic variants. Conversely, a high SFA diet increases the genetic risk of central obesity in Asian Indians. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 1514 KiB

Open AccessReview

Implementation of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Research and Training Activities for Developing Precision Nutrition Strategies in Malaysia

by Anto Cordelia T. A. Dhanapal, Ramatu Wuni, Eduard F. Ventura, Teh Kuan Chiet, Eddy S. G. Cheah, Annaletchumy Loganathan, Phoon Lee Quen, Mahenderan Appukutty, Mohd F. M. Noh, Ian Givens and Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5108; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235108 - 1 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4049

Abstract

Nutritional epidemiological studies show a triple burden of malnutrition with disparate prevalence across the coexisting ethnicities in Malaysia. To tackle malnutrition and related conditions in Malaysia, research in the new and evolving field of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics is essential. As part of the Gene-Nutrient Interactions (GeNuIne) Collaboration, the Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Research and Training Unit (N²RTU) aims to solve the malnutrition paradox. This review discusses and presents a conceptual framework that shows the pathway to implementing and strengthening precision nutrition strategies in Malaysia. The framework is divided into: (1) Research and (2) Training and Resource Development. The first arm collects data from genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, gut microbiome, and phenotypic and lifestyle factors to conduct nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and nutri-epigenetic studies. The second arm is focused on training and resource development to improve the capacity of the stakeholders (academia, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the food industry) to utilise the findings generated by research in their respective fields. Finally, the N²RTU framework foresees its applications in artificial intelligence and the implementation of precision nutrition through the action of stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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