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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 22354

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Moghadasian

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

1. Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
2. Canadian Center for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
Interests: functional foods and nutraceuticals; metabolic disorders; diet and drug interactions; lipid nutrition and metabolism; nutrition through the life cycle; lipoprotein metabolism; atherosclerosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to announce the launch of a “Special Issue” of Nutrients entitled “Diets and Lipid Disorders”. This “Special Issue” will cover one of the most common public health issuesL the application of diets in the management of common lipid disorders. Among lipid disorders, abnormalities in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism are common among adults, leading to potential fatal cardiac events. Furthermore, abnormalities in lipid metabolism are one of the complications of other diseases including diabetes, and kidney and liver diseases, as well as obesity. Appropriate dietary and lifestyle approaches can significantly reduce the burden of lipid disorders.

This “Special Issue” aims to invite prominent scientists, physicians, nutritionists, and other health professionals from all over the world to submit their basic and clinical work for publication in this “Open Access” journal, after a vigorous peer-review process.

This “Special Issue” will bring together the latest information on the roles of dietary habits, dietary agents, functional foods, and dietary supplements in the management of human lipid disorders and associated complications.

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Moghadasian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Diets
Functional foods
Lipid disorders
Lipoproteins
Dyslipidemia
Atherosclerosis
Lipid-storage disorders

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Inulin Supplementation Affects Specific Plasmalogen Species in the Brain

by Jean-Baptiste Bizeau, Mayssa Albouery, Stéphane Grégoire, Bénédicte Buteau, Lucy Martine, Marine Crépin, Alain M. Bron, Olivier Berdeaux, Niyazi Acar, Benoit Chassaing and Marie-Agnès Bringer

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3097; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153097 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2922

Abstract

Plasmalogens (Pls) are glycerophospholipids that play critical roles in the brain. Evidence supports the role of diet and that of the gut microbiota in regulating brain lipids. We investigated the impact of dietary intake of inulin—a soluble fiber used as prebiotic—on the Pl content of the cortex in mice. No global modification in the Pl amounts was observed when evaluated by gas chromatographic analysis of dimethyl acetals (DMAs). However, the analysis of individual molecular species of Pls by liquid chromatography revealed a reduced abundance of major species of ethanolamine Pls (PlsEtn)―PE(P-18:0/22:6) and PE(P-34:1)―in the cortex of mice fed a diet supplemented with inulin. DMA and expression levels of genes (Far-1, Gnpat, Agps, Pla2g6 and Tmem86b) encoding key enzymes of Pl biosynthesis or degradation were not altered in the liver and in the cortex of mice exposed to inulin. In addition, the fatty acid profile and the amount of lyso forms derived from PlsEtn were not modified in the cortex by inulin consumption. To conclude, inulin affects the brain levels of major PlsEtn and further investigation is needed to determine the exact molecular mechanisms involved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diets and Lipid Disorders)

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12 pages, 496 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Test the Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination Monacolin K-Free on the Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia

by Olga Protic, Raffaele Di Pillo, Alberto Montesanto, Roberta Galeazzi, Giulia Matacchione, Angelica Giuliani, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Felicia Gurău, Andrea Silvestrini, Fabiola Olivieri, Roberto Antonicelli and Anna Rita Bonfigli

Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142812 - 8 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2839

Abstract

Background: Nutraceutical combinations (NCs) against hypercholesterolemia are increasing in the marketplace. However, the availability of NCs without monacolin K is scarce even though the statin-intolerant population needs it. Methods: This study is a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. We evaluated the effects of the NC containing phytosterols, bergamot, olive fruits, and vitamin K₂ on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in 118 subjects (mean age ± SD, 57.9 ± 8.8 years; 49 men and 69 women) with hypercholesterolemia (mean total cholesterol ± SD, 227.4 ± 20.8 mg/dL) without clinical history of cardiovascular diseases. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), safety (liver, kidney, and muscle parameters), and inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP, leukocytes, interleukin-32, and interleukin-38 and inflammatory-microRNAs (miRs) miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a. Results: Compared to the placebo, at 6 and 12 weeks, NC did not significantly reduce total cholesterol (p = 0.083), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.150), and triglycerides (p = 0.822). No changes were found in hs-CRP (p = 0.179), interleukin-32 (p = 0.587), interleukin-38 (p = 0.930), miR-21 (p = 0.275), miR-126 (p = 0.718), miR-146a (p = 0.206), myoglobin (p = 0.164), and creatine kinase (p = 0.376). Among the two reported, only one adverse event was probably related to the nutraceutical treatment. Conclusions: The evaluated nutraceutical combination did not change serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters, at least not with the daily dose applied in the present study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diets and Lipid Disorders)

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15 pages, 3618 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flazin as a Lipid Droplet Regulator against Lipid Disorders

by Xunzhi Wu, Zhen Chen, Yue Wu, Yifan Chen, Jiaping Jia, Nianqiu Shen, Hitoshi Chiba and Shu-Ping Hui

Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071501 - 3 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2829

Abstract

Lipid disorders are closely related to numerous metabolic diseases, and lipid droplets (LDs) have been considered as a new target for regulating lipid metabolism. Dietary intervention and nutraceuticals provide safe and long-term beneficial effects for treating metabolic diseases. Flazin is a diet-derived bioactive constituent mainly existing in fermented foods, of which the lipid metabolism improvement function has not been studied. In this study, the effect of flazin on lipid regulation at both cell level and organelle level was investigated. Lipidomic profiling showed that flazin significantly decreased cellular triglyceride (TG) by 12.0–22.4% compared with modeling groups and improved the TG and free fatty acid profile. LD staining revealed that flazin efficiently reduced both cellular neutral lipid content by 17.4–53.9% and LD size by 10.0–35.3%. Furthermore, nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis proved that flazin exhibited a preferential suppression of LD TG and regulated LD morphology, including a size decrease and surface property improvement. An evaluation of related gene expression suggested the mechanism to be lipolysis promotion and lipogenesis inhibition. These findings indicated that flazin might be an LD regulator for reversing lipid metabolism disturbance. Moreover, the strategy proposed in this study may contribute to developing other nutraceuticals for treating lipid disorder-related metabolic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diets and Lipid Disorders)

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16 pages, 10653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 Alleviates Hypercholesterolaemia Caused by the Paigen Atherogenic Diet by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

by Qianqian Wang, Yufeng He, Xiu Li, Ting Zhang, Ming Liang, Gang Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang and Wei Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061272 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3068

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease has one of the highest global incidences and mortality rates. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, and hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipidaemia are the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Decreasing serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations is considered to be an effective strategy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that many diseases are related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The positive regulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics may prevent or treat certain diseases. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 treatment was shown to decrease plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations, decrease liver TC and malondialdehyde concentrations and recover liver superoxide dismutase concentrations in mice fed a Paigen atherogenic diet. In addition, L. reuteri increased the faecal short-chain fatty acid content (acetate, propionate and butyrate), which was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of faecal Deferribacteres, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella; a decrease in the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium and Romboutsia and the activation of butanoate and vitamin B6 metabolism, leading to the alleviation of hypercholesterolaemia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diets and Lipid Disorders)

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Review

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18 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutraceutical Combinations in Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

by Olga Protic, Anna Rita Bonfigli and Roberto Antonicelli

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3128; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093128 - 8 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 9829

Abstract

There is an increasing number of nutraceutical combinations (NCs) on the market for hypercholesterolemia, although clinical trials to verify their safety and efficacy are scarce. We selected fourteen randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on different lipid-lowering NCs in hypercholesterolemic subjects. We described each compound′s mechanism of action and efficacy in the mixtures and summarized the clinical trials settings and NCs safety and efficacy results. Almost all NCs resulted efficient against hypercholesterolemia; only one reported no changes. Interestingly, red yeast rice (RYR) was present in eleven mixtures. It is not clear whether the lipid-lowering efficacy of these combinations derives mainly from the RYR component monacolin K “natural statin” single effect. Up to now, few RCTs have verified the efficacy of every single compound vs. NCs to evaluate possible additive or synergistic effects, probably due to the complexity and the high resources request. In conclusion, to manage the arising nutraceutical tide against hypercholesterolemia, it could be helpful to increase the number and robustness of clinical studies to verify the efficacy and safety of the new NCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diets and Lipid Disorders)

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