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Nutrients
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Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases
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Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 June 2023) | Viewed by 10088

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Martina Votto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; allergy; immunology; food allergy; eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders; diet
Dr. Ilaria Brambilla

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2. Pediatrics Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; endocrinology; immunology; obesity; diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome; polycystic ovary syndrome; diet; pediatric gynecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foods are considered friends and foes of several immune diseases occurring at the pediatric age.

A high-fat diet is known to be responsible for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, more attention has been focused on the role of ultra-processed foods in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Preclinical and clinical studies are indeed accumulating to better decipher the effects of various aspects of food processing and formulation on the etiology of several chronic and debilitating inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, the therapeutical role of specific diets is well known for several pediatric immune diseases, including allergic and endocrine disorders, such as food allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and metabolic syndrome. Foods are key factors influencing the correct development of gut microbiota and microbiome balance—and thus the immune system—since the first day of life. For these reasons, evidence has demonstrated that some foods might also play a preventive role in the development of several immune diseases.

The overall aim of this Special Issue is to describe the pivotal role of dietary interventions for most common pediatric immune diseases; understand the mechanism(s) whereby diet can prevent or treat these diseases; analyze potential limitations or complications related to food-elimination diets, and identify current gaps in the area of research.

The reviews included in this Special Issue will: 1) summarize the current literature supporting the therapeutic role of diet in pediatric immune diseases, providing a critical analysis of the available data; 2) provide new evidence on diet interventions in immune diseases; 3) describe the mechanisms involved in disease prevention and treatment; 4) identify novel dietary intervention strategies to treat or limit disease development or progression; and 5) assess whether modulating the microbiota can provide a novel therapy to treat immune diseases.

This Special Issue, entitled “Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases”, is open only for original articles, scoping or narrative reviews, systematic reviews, or meta-analysis studies supporting or describing the role of dietary interventions for immune diseases, also analyzing the available literature and research evidence, with a particular focus on the pediatric age.

Dr. Martina Votto
Dr. Ilaria Brambilla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • immune diseases
  • food allergy
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases
  • celiac disease
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • metabolic syndrome
  • pediatrics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
Inflammatory Mediators and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors before and in Response to Lifestyle Intervention among Latino Adolescents with Obesity
by Armando Peña, Micah L. Olson, Stephanie L. Ayers, Dorothy D. Sears, Sonia Vega-López, Abigail T. Colburn and Gabriel Q. Shaibi
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112442 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation that may contribute to T2D among youth. We examined the association between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and response to lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity. Latino youth (n = 64) were randomized [...] Read more.
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation that may contribute to T2D among youth. We examined the association between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and response to lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity. Latino youth (n = 64) were randomized to six months of lifestyle intervention (INT, n = 40) or usual care (UC, n = 24). INT included nutrition education and physical activity. UC involved meeting with a pediatric endocrinologist and registered dietitian to discuss healthy lifestyles. At baseline, multiple linear regression assessed fasting serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), high-molecular weight adiponectin (HMW Adpn), IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) as predictors of insulin sensitivity (whole-body insulin sensitivity index, WBISI) and β-cell function (oral disposition index, oDI). Changes in outcomes between groups were assessed using covariance pattern models. At baseline, MCP-1 (β ± SE, −0.12 ± 0.05, p = 0.027) and IL-1ra (−0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.005) were negatively associated with WBISI. Treatment effects were not observed for inflammatory markers. WBISI was significantly increased among both INT (from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.4, p = 0.005) and UC (from 1.6 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.5, p = 0.002) with no significant differences between the groups. Obesity-related inflammatory mediators were associated with T2D risk factors but were unaffected by lifestyle intervention among Latino youth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases)
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Review

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12 pages, 650 KiB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergic Properties of Colostrum from Mothers of Full-Term and Preterm Babies: The Importance of Maternal Lactation in the First Days
by Francesca Garofoli, Elisa Civardi, Camilla Pisoni, Micol Angelini and Stefano Ghirardello
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4249; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194249 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1890
Abstract
Our narrative review focuses on colostrum components, particularly those that influence the neonatal immune system of newborns. Colostrum is secreted in small volumes by the alveolar cells of the breast during the first two to five days after birth. Colostrum is poor in [...] Read more.
Our narrative review focuses on colostrum components, particularly those that influence the neonatal immune system of newborns. Colostrum is secreted in small volumes by the alveolar cells of the breast during the first two to five days after birth. Colostrum is poor in fat and carbohydrates, with larger protein and bioactive compounds than mature milk. It plays a crucial role in driving neonates’ immunity, transferring those immunological factors which help the correct development of the neonatal immune system and support establishing a healthy gut microbiome. The newborn has an innate and adaptive immune system deficiency, with a consequent increase in infection susceptibility. In particular, neonates born prematurely have reduced immunological competencies due to an earlier break in the maternal trans-placenta transfer of bioactive components, such as maternal IgG antibodies. Moreover, during pregnancy, starting from the second trimester, maternal immune cells are conveyed to the fetus and persist in small quantities post-natal, whereby this transfer is known as microchimerism (MMc). Thus, preterm newborns are deficient in this maternal heritage, and have their own immune system under-developed, but colostrum can compensate for the lack. Early breastfeeding, which should be strongly encouraged in mothers of preterm and full-term babies, provides those immunomodulant compounds that can act as a support, allowing the newborn to face immune needs, including fronting infections and establishing tolerance. Moreover, making mothers aware that administering colostrum helps their infants in building a healthy immune system is beneficial to sustain them in the difficult post-partum period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases)
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16 pages, 373 KiB  
Review
IgE Mediated Shellfish Allergy in Children—A Review
by Arianna Giannetti, Andrea Pession, Irene Bettini, Giampaolo Ricci, Giuliana Giannì and Carlo Caffarelli
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3112; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143112 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2521
Abstract
Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen profile. High sequence homology between shellfish species and between shellfish and house dust mites leads to a high [...] Read more.
Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen profile. High sequence homology between shellfish species and between shellfish and house dust mites leads to a high serological cross-reactivity, which does not accurately correlate with clinical cross-reactions. Clinical manifestations are immediate and the predominance of perioral symptoms is a typical feature of shellfish allergy. Diagnosis, as for other food allergies, is based on SPTs and specific IgE, while the gold standard is DBPCFC. Cross-reactivity between shellfish is common and therefore, it is mandatory to avoid all shellfish. New immunotherapeutic strategies based on hypoallergens and other innovative approaches represent the new frontiers for desensitization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases)
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Other

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10 pages, 1241 KiB  
Perspective
Dietary Strategies in Adult Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A State-of-the-Art Review
by Carlo Maria Rossi, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Stefania Merli, Hellas Cena and Antonio Di Sabatino
Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2409; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102409 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3137
Abstract
Allergen-free diets are a specific and effective anti-inflammatory therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. They should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team to reduce side effects and improve adherence. According to recent guidelines and expert opinions, empirical diets with a reduced number of eliminated [...] Read more.
Allergen-free diets are a specific and effective anti-inflammatory therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. They should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team to reduce side effects and improve adherence. According to recent guidelines and expert opinions, empirical diets with a reduced number of eliminated food categories and a step-up approach are the most encouraged strategy to reduce the number of endoscopies to identify food trigger(s) and maximize clinical results and adherence. Despite the fact that allergy testing-based diets are not recommended at a population level, geographical sensitization patterns may play a role in some patients in specific areas, such as in Southern and Central Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions for Immune Diseases)
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