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Geology, Geochemistry, Genesis, Modeling, Structure and Exploration of Copper Polymetallic...
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Geology, Geochemistry, Genesis, Modeling, Structure and Exploration of Copper Polymetallic Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3934

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bo Li

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: copper polymetallic deposits and their mineralization; ore genesis; field structure; mineral prospecting and exploration
Prof. Dr. Xinghai Lang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
Interests: porphyry deposits; geochemistry; petrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhongfa Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: mineral deposit; geochemistry of deposit; mineral prospecting and exploration
Dr. Xinfu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
Interests: geochronology; geochemistry; mineral exploration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Copper is an important key metal mineral resource and an indispensable raw material in construction. Copper deposits are widely distributed within the major metallogenic zones in the world, and there are many genetic types of deposits, such as porphyry, skarn, VMS, and IOCG. Among these, porphyry and skarn Cu deposits constitute major copper resources in some countries. In recent years, great research achievements have been made in metallogenic chronology, genetic typing, metallogenic mechanisms and modeling, ore-controlling structural systems, and the exploration of copper polymetallic deposits. This Special Issue seeks to report recent advances in the geology, geochronology, mineralogy, geochemistry, field structure, and prospecting prediction of Cu polymetallic deposits. New analytical methods and experimental studies are also welcome. It will present studies from the regional to mineral scale, using advanced analytical techniques developed in recent years, to provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu polymetallic deposits and their associated critical metals and mineral exploration.

Prof. Dr. Bo Li
Prof. Dr. Xinghai Lang
Dr. Zhongfa Liu
Dr. Xinfu Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • copper polymetallic deposits
  • geology and geochemistry
  • fluid inclusion and ore-forming fluid
  • metallogenic age
  • ore genesis and metallogenic mechanism
  • metallogenic model
  • ore field structural system
  • exploration and prospecting prediction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 11761 KiB  
Article
Study on the Hydrothermal Superposition Period: Mineralization–Alteration Zoning Model and Zoning Mechanism of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit in Yunnan Province
by Xing Mao, Runsheng Han, Dong Zhao, Liuqing Meng, Wenlong Qiu, Hongsheng Gong, Long Sun, Xuhao Kang and Yinkang Zhou
Minerals 2024, 14(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010096 - 15 Jan 2024
Viewed by 968
Abstract
The Dahongshan large-scale iron (Fe)–copper (Cu) polymetallic deposit is in the Proterozoic metallogenic domain on the western margin of the Yangtze Block. It is a typical representative of Fe-Cu polymetallic composite mineralization in the Kangdian area. The deposit comprises a group of layered [...] Read more.
The Dahongshan large-scale iron (Fe)–copper (Cu) polymetallic deposit is in the Proterozoic metallogenic domain on the western margin of the Yangtze Block. It is a typical representative of Fe-Cu polymetallic composite mineralization in the Kangdian area. The deposit comprises a group of layered orebodies formed by volcanic exhalation sedimentation and metamorphism, and a group of vein-like orebodies formed by hydrothermal superposition. The large-scale mapping of altered lithofacies in the deposit has resolved issues of weak links and unclear mineralization and alteration zoning of hydrothermal superimposed deposits within the study area. The mineralization type, hydrothermal alteration type and intensity, mineral assemblage, and mineral structure of the vein-type Cu polymetallic deposits during the hydrothermal superposition period are meticulously analyzed and studied. Finally, the zoning relationships of vein orebodies (mineralization) are summarized. On the basis of the results of the study of the distribution pattern of this mineral body, a mineralization alteration zoning model of the hydrothermal superposition period is constructed. The results show that the alteration is primarily silicification, carbonation, and chloritization, and the mineralization is chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, and pyrite. The Dibadu anticline and the cutting layer faults and fractures strictly control the hydrothermal alteration zoning. The mineralization alteration zoning from the core to the flank is divided into coarse vein zone (I) → stockwork zone (II) → veinlet zone (III). The corresponding mineral assemblages are quartz–calcite–chalcocite–bornite–(native copper) (I) → calcite–dolomite–quartz–bornite–chalcopyrite–chlorite (II) → dolomite–quartz–chalcopyrite–(pyrite) (III), where the stockwork zone has the most substantial mineralization. The mineral assemblages of each alteration zone, the characteristics of rare earth elements of typical samples, and the test results on the fluid inclusions confirm that pH and Eh primarily control the zoning mechanism. This study has significance for deepening the understanding of the composite metallogenic system, guiding deep and peripheral prospecting, and providing significant enlightenment for the study of this type of deposit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geology, Geochemistry, Genesis, Modeling, Structure and Exploration of Copper Polymetallic Deposits)
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20 pages, 30881 KiB  
Article
Petrogenesis of the Eocene Highly Fractionated Granite Porphyry with REE Tetrad Effect: An Example from Western Yunnan, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
by Hang Yang, Peng Wu, Anlin Liu and Feng Wang
Minerals 2023, 13(11), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13111390 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1085
Abstract
Highly fractionated granites are widely distributed in the crust and provide unique windows into magmatic evolution. This study reports petrography, zircon U–Pb ages, trace elemental, and Hf isotopic, as well as whole-rock elemental and Nd isotopic data of highly fractionated granite porphyries from [...] Read more.
Highly fractionated granites are widely distributed in the crust and provide unique windows into magmatic evolution. This study reports petrography, zircon U–Pb ages, trace elemental, and Hf isotopic, as well as whole-rock elemental and Nd isotopic data of highly fractionated granite porphyries from the Shiguanshan area in western Yunnan, southeastern Tibet. The granite porphyries were formed at 34.0 ± 0.3 Ma in a post-collisional setting. They are strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.95–2.80), have high SiO2 content (SiO2 = 78.16–79.13 wt.%) and zircon saturation temperatures (803–829 °C, average 819 °C), and low MgO, with pronounced enrichment in Pb, U, Th, and Rb, and depletion in Ti, Eu, P, Sr, and Ba, and belong to highly fractionated A-type granites. These rocks define linear trends on Harker diagrams and display similar enriched whole-rock Nd isotopic (εNd(t) = −12.8 to −12.3) and zircon Hf isotopic (εHf(t) = −10.4 to −8.8) compositions compared to the published data of coeval mantle-derived syenite porphyries, which can be attributed to fractional crystallization processes. A quantitative model suggests that the Shiguanshan granite porphyries likely formed through the fractionation process of a mineral assemblage consisting of plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, and amphibole (in a ratio of 40:30:25:5), with fractionation degrees of 50%–55%. The magmatic textures and zircons, decoupling between the REE tetrad effect and fractionation of twin-elements, along with the modeling result of Rayleigh fractionation, suggest that the REE tetrad effect in the Shiguanshan granite porphyries may be caused by fractionation of accessory minerals. Our data, along with regional observations, propose that the generation of these granite porphyries is possibly related to lithospheric removal following the Indo–Asia collision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geology, Geochemistry, Genesis, Modeling, Structure and Exploration of Copper Polymetallic Deposits)
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21 pages, 12703 KiB  
Article
Metallogenic Model for Pb-Zn Deposits in Clastic Rocks of the Dahai Mining Area, Northeast Yunnan: Evidence from H-O-S-Sr-Pb Isotopes
by Hongsheng Gong, Runsheng Han, Peng Wu, Gang Chen and Ling Ma
Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101343 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1012
Abstract
The Dahai Pb-Zn mining area is located in the northwestern Pb-Zn district in northeastern Yunnan Province in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic triangle (SYGT), east of the Xiaojiang fault. Numerous Pb-Zn deposits (spots) occur in clastic rocks in this area. In this study, the [...] Read more.
The Dahai Pb-Zn mining area is located in the northwestern Pb-Zn district in northeastern Yunnan Province in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic triangle (SYGT), east of the Xiaojiang fault. Numerous Pb-Zn deposits (spots) occur in clastic rocks in this area. In this study, the Maliping, Laoyingqing, and Jinniuchang Pb-Zn deposits, representative clastic rocks in the Dahai mining area, were selected as research objects. The results of H-O-S-Sr-Pb isotope analyses show that the three deposits mainly formed through the mixing of a basinal brine with a hydrothermal fluid derived from deep within the underlying (deformed) basement, and brines leached organic matter from wall rocks. The δ34S values range from −2.62–30.30‰. The S isotope results show two different sources of reduced S: one in the Laoyingqing deposit derived from the S reduction generated by the pyrolysis of sulfur-bearing organic matter in the carbonaceous slate of the Kunyang Group, and the second in the Maliping and Jinniuchang deposits derived from the S reduction generated by the thermochemical sulfur reduction (TSR) of seawater sulfate in the Lower Cambrian Yuhucun Formation and Sinian Dengying Formation. The Pb isotope results show that the Pb sources of the three deposits are derived from basement rocks (Kunyang Group) with a small portion derived from Devonian–Permian carbonate rocks and Dengying Formation dolomite, both of which have undergone homogenization during mineralization. The Sr content varied from 0.09629 to 0.2523 × 10−6, and the study shows that the main source of Sr is a mixture of ore-forming fluid flowing through basement rocks (Kunyang Group) and through sedimentary cover. However, most of the Sr in the Maliping deposit is derived from marine carbonate, and in the Laoyingqing deposit, it is provided by basement rocks (Kunyang Group). Based on a comparative study of the deposits, the Pb-Zn deposits in the clastic rocks of the Dahai mining area and the SYGT belong to the same metallogenic system and were formed under the same metallogenic geological background. Finally, a unified metallogenic model of the two types of fluid migration and mixed mineralization of the Pb-Zn deposit in clastic rocks of the Dahai mining area is proposed. The metallogenic model provides a basis for the study of the Pb-Zn metallogenic system and guidance for deep and peripheral prospecting in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geology, Geochemistry, Genesis, Modeling, Structure and Exploration of Copper Polymetallic Deposits)
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