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Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 22709

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joanna Kolmas

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Guest Editor

Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Analytical GroupFaculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: bone and dental biomaterials, bioceramics, calcium phosphates, physicochemical methods, spectroscopy, materials characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone tissue engineering, developed as an alternative to autografts and allografts, represents one of the most investigated biomedical areas. Numerous biomaterials based on synthetic and natural polymers, bioceramics, and metals have been investigated in order to replace and repair the damaged native tissues. Recent advances are also focused on 3D porous scaffold templates providing structural support for bone cells. Moreover, the addition of various growth factors, cytokines, or selected drugs (i.e., antiresorptive, anticancer, or antimicrobial drugs) may significantly improve the bone healing process.

This Special Issue focuses on the new developments in biomaterials for orthopaedic/musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Particularly, it will cover a selection of recent research topics and review articles in the field of synthesis, the physicochemical properties of new biomaterials and their composites, as well as cell-biomaterial interactions. Biomaterials for growth factors and drug delivery are also of interest.

Dr. Joanna Kolmas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Biomaterials
Orthopaedic/musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Biomaterial–cell interaction
Physicochemical properties
Composites
Scaffolds
Tissue regeneration
Multifunctional biomaterials.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Optimization Lattice Endoprosthesis for Long Bones: Manufacturing and Clinical Experiment

by Pavel Bolshakov, Ivan Raginov, Vladislav Egorov, Regina Kashapova, Ramil Kashapov, Tatyana Baltina and Oskar Sachenkov

Materials 2020, 13(5), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051185 - 6 Mar 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2144

Abstract

The article is devoted to the construction of lattice endoprosthesis for a long bone. Clinically, the main idea is to design a construction with the ability to improve bone growth. The article presents the algorithm for such a design. The construction should be produced by additive manufacturing. Such an approach allows using not only metallic materials but also ceramics and polymers. The algorithm is based on the influence function as a method to describe the elementary cell geometry. The elementary cell can be described by a number of parameters. The influence function maps the parameters to local stress in construction. Changing the parameters influences the stress distribution in the endoprosthesis. In the paper, a bipyramid was used as an elementary cell. Numerical studies were performed using the finite element method. As a result, manufacturing construction is described. Some problems for different orientations of growth are given. The clinical test was done and histological results were presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering)

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18 pages, 2503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Physiological Fluids Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Acrylate Bone Cement

by Robert Karpiński, Jakub Szabelski and Jacek Maksymiuk

Materials 2019, 12(23), 3963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233963 - 29 Nov 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2380

Abstract

This study analyses the degradation rate of selected mechanical properties of bone cement contaminated with human blood and saline solution. During the polymerisation stage, the PMMA cement specimens were supplemented with the selected physiological fluids in a range of concentrations from 0% to 10%. The samples were then subjected to the standardised compression tests, as per ISO 5833: 2002, and hardness tests. The obtained results were analysed statistically to display the difference in the degradation of the material relative to the degree of contamination. Subsequently, numerical modelling was employed to determine the mathematical relationship between the degree of contamination and the material strength degradation rate. The introduction of various concentrations of contaminants into the cement mass resulted in a statistically significant change in their compressive strength. It was shown that the addition of more than 4% of saline and more than 6% of blood (by weight) causes that the specimens exhibit lower strength than the minimum critical value of 70 MPa, specified in the abovementioned International Standard. It was further revealed that the cement hardness characteristics degraded accordingly. The mathematical models showed a very good fit with the results from the experiments: The coefficient of determination R² was 0.987 in the case of the linear hardness model for blood and 0.983 for salt solution; secondly, the values of R² for the third-degree polynomial model of compressive strength were 0.88 for blood and 0.92 for salt. From the results, it can be seen that there is a quantitative/qualitative relationship between the contamination rate and the drop in the tested mechanical characteristics. Therefore, great effort must be taken to minimise the contact of the bone cement with physiological fluids, which naturally occur in the operative field, particularly when the material cures, in order to prevent the cement material strength declining below the minimum threshold specified in the ISO standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering)

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12 pages, 3512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydroxyapatite Block Produced by Sponge Replica Method: Mechanical, Clinical and Histologic Observations

by Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Pablo Santos de Oliveira, Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan and Antonio Licciulli

Materials 2019, 12(19), 3079; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193079 - 21 Sep 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2513

Abstract

Purpose: The grafting procedure for the anthropic ridges of jaws represents a surgical technique for increasing the bone volume to permit the placement of dental implants for oral rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a hydroxyapatite (HA) porous scaffold produced via a sponge replica method for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in a human model. Methods: A total of thirteen patients were treated for sinus lifting in the posterior maxilla for a total of 16 defects treated with cylindrical HA Block. The experimental sites were evaluated by a 3D Cone Beam Computer Tomography scan (CBCT), and the histological analysis was performed after 3 months of healing. Results: After the 3 months healing period, the histological outcome of the investigation showed a high level of biological osteoconduction of the HA. Microscopical evidence of new bone formation was also observed in the central portion of the graft block. The samples were composed of different tissues: 39 ± 1% new bone, 42 ± 3% marrow space, 17 ± 3% residual HA Block and 4.02 ± 2% osteoid tissue were present. The new bone formation in the block was 8 ± 3%. Conclusions: The study findings support that HA porous scaffolds produced by sponge replica were effective for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering)

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14 pages, 2424 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Dual Doping of Silicon and Manganese in Hydroxyapatites: Physicochemical Properties and Preliminary Biological Studies

by Katarzyna Szurkowska, Agata Drobniewska and Joanna Kolmas

Materials 2019, 12(16), 2566; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12162566 - 12 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3246

Abstract

Silicated hydroxyapatite powders enriched with small amounts of manganese (Mn²⁺) cations were synthesized via two different methods: precipitation in aqueous solution and the solid-state method. The source of Mn²⁺ ions was manganese acetate, while silicon was incorporated using two different reagents: silicon acetate and sodium metasilicate. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed that the powders obtained via the precipitation method consisted of single-phase nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. In contrast, samples obtained via the solid-state method were heterogenous and contaminated with other phases, (i.e., calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and silicocarnotite) arising during thermal treatment. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed powders obtained via the precipitation method were nanosized and elongated, while solid-state synthesis produced spherical microcrystals. The phase identification was complemented by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An in-depth analysis via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) was carried out, using phosphorus ³¹P single-pulse Bloch decay (BD) (³¹P BD) and cross-polarization (CP) experiments from protons to silicon-29 nuclei (¹H → ²⁹Si CP). The elemental measurements carried out using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) showed that the efficiency of introducing manganese and silicon ions was between 45% and 95%, depending on the synthesis method and the reagents. Preliminary biological tests on the bacteria Allivibrio fisheri (Microtox®) and the protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum (Spirotox) showed no toxic effect in any of the samples. The obtained materials may find potential application in regenerative medicine, bone implantology, and orthopedics as bone substitutes or implant coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering)

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Review

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16 pages, 3025 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review

by Kamil Pajor, Lukasz Pajchel and Joanna Kolmas

Materials 2019, 12(17), 2683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172683 - 22 Aug 2019

Cited by 144 | Viewed by 11795

Abstract

Calcium phosphate, due to its similarity to the inorganic fraction of mineralized tissues, has played a key role in many areas of medicine, in particular, regenerative medicine and orthopedics. It has also found application in conservative dentistry and dental surgery, in particular, as components of toothpaste and mouth rinse, coatings of dental implants, cements, and bone substitute materials for the restoration of cavities in maxillofacial surgery. In dental applications, the most important role is played by hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, i.e., calcium phosphates characterized by the highest chemical stability and very low solubility. This paper presents the role of both apatites in dentistry and a review of recent achievements in the field of the application of these materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials for Orthopaedic/Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering)

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