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Lubricants
Special Issues
Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials
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Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 May 2024 | Viewed by 6816

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Leonardo Farfan Cabrera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
Interests: tribology; viscoelasticity; wear; friction; bio/nano-lubricants
Prof. Dr. José Pérez-González

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, U. P. Adolfo López Mateos, C. P. 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Interests: rheology; tribology; viscoelasticity; wear; friction; complex fluids; lubricants
Prof. Dr. Michel Fillon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Retired, Formerly CNRS Director of Research
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Complex Systems, Pprime Institute, CNRS - University of Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, SP2MI - Téléport 2, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, BP 30179, CEDEX, F86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
Interests: lubrication; bearings; hydrodynamic lubrication; rheology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yanshuang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
Interests: bearing friction and lubrication; ultra-precision maching; lubricant and friction material testing; lubricant rheology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lubrication plays a key role in the performance of tribosystems. Lubricants are used to form a protecting layer between rubbing surfaces, which allows smooth operation and maintaining of reliable machine functions, while contributing to energy savings. Conventional lubricants are either low-molecular weight liquids (such as mineral oils, synthetic oil, silicon fluids, water, etc.) or soft solids (greases), as well as some high-molecular weight ones such as gels, whose viscosity is overall dependent on temperature, pressure and rate of deformation. Moreover, with the advent of nanoparticles that may be suspended in conventional lubricating media, new lubricants are emerging whose flow behavior may be complex. Thus, the rheological behavior of lubricants may be Newtonian or non-Newtonian in nature. Rheology is the science of flow and deformation of matter: whenever a fluid is subjected to shear or normal stresses in a process, the knowledge of its rheological (viscoelastic) properties is a must to achieve a reliable description of its performance. In this sense, lubrication is not an exception, as viscoelastic characteristics of soft tribo-materials (i.e., polymers, elastomers, hydro-gels, etc.) and boundary conditions (i.e., slip or no-slip) are relevant for the contact mechanics and tribological performance in many modern applications such as tire-road contacts, dynamic sealing, food tribology, skin tribology, human joints tribology, etc.

The objective of this Lubricants special topic is to collect and present a series of state-of-the-art and cutting-edge developments, innovations and discoveries on the rheological/viscoelastic behavior of lubricants and/or soft tribo-materials with an impact on the overall tribological performance, reliability and sustainability of tribo-systems. Contributions reporting on theoretical, numerical and/or experimental approaches in the form of original research, case studies, reviews, methods or research reports are very welcome. The article collection encompasses, but is not limited to, the following research themes or areas with special impact on the behavior of tribo-systems:

  • Rheology of lubricants.
  • Rheology of bio/nano lubricants.
  • Rheology of soft tribo-materials: elastomers, polymers, skin, etc.
  • Lubrication of soft materials.
  • Viscoelastic lubrication.
  • Influence of temperature and pressure on rheology of lubricants.
  • Sliding interfaces of viscoelastic materials: dry or lubricated contacts.
  • Slip of lubricants at solid boundaries.

Dr. Leonardo Farfan Cabrera
Prof. Dr. José Pérez-González
Prof. Dr. Michel Fillon
Prof. Dr. Yanshuang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rheology
  • tribology
  • lubricants
  • viscosity
  • viscoelasticity
  • elastomers
  • soft solids
  • friction
  • wear

Published Papers (5 papers)

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14 pages, 3047 KiB  
Article
Viscoelastic Water-Based Lubricants with Nopal Cactus Mucilage as Green Metalworking Fluids
by Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera, Oscar A. Aguilar-Rosas, José Pérez-González, Benjamín M. Marín-Santibañez and Francisco Rodríguez-González
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020056 - 16 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1040
Abstract
Recent green manufacturing demands have boosted the development of new biodegradable lubricants to replace petroleum-based lubricants. In this regard, water-based lubricants have been at the vanguard of recent research for a wide range of industrial applications, including metalworking fluids (MWFs). In this work, [...] Read more.
Recent green manufacturing demands have boosted the development of new biodegradable lubricants to replace petroleum-based lubricants. In this regard, water-based lubricants have been at the vanguard of recent research for a wide range of industrial applications, including metalworking fluids (MWFs). In this work, we present an experimental investigation on the performance of novel green MWFs based on aqueous nopal mucilage solutions. For this, fully biodegradable solutions with different mucilage concentrations (2.29, 4.58, and 6.85 mg/mL) were evaluated in terms of rheological, tribological, thermal stability, and turning (minimum quantity lubrication) performance and compared to a commercial semisynthetic oil-based MWF (Cimstar 60). Mucilage solutions exhibited viscoelastic shear-thinning behavior, which was enhanced along with mucilage concentration. The solution with the highest mucilage content studied resulted in the lowest wear, friction, and temperature in comparison to the other solutions and neat water in extreme pressure four-ball tests and a similar level of lubricity as compared to the commercial MWF in cutting tests. This performance is associated with the enhanced viscosity and elasticity of the solution, as well as the contents of lipids with fatty acids in the mucilage. Overall, the present results reveal the relevance of the viscoelastic behavior of the lubricant, elasticity in particular, in lubrication processes and point to nopal mucilage as an effective green additive to produce innocuous MWFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials)
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28 pages, 8744 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Various Shear-Thinning Models for Squalane Using Traction Measurements, TEHD and NEMD Simulations
by Thomas Neupert and Dirk Bartel
Lubricants 2023, 11(4), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11040178 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
The accurate prediction of friction in highly loaded concentrated contacts is one of the most challenging aspects of thermal elastohydrodynamic (TEHD) simulation. The correct modelling of fluid behaviour on the macroscale, in particular non-Newtonian flow behaviour, is an essential prerequisite. For many years, [...] Read more.
The accurate prediction of friction in highly loaded concentrated contacts is one of the most challenging aspects of thermal elastohydrodynamic (TEHD) simulation. The correct modelling of fluid behaviour on the macroscale, in particular non-Newtonian flow behaviour, is an essential prerequisite. For many years, shear-thinning models have been developed and validated with different approaches and controversially discussed. In basic research, model fluids are often used in this context, which have a similar behaviour to practical lubricants. Accompanied by earlier research results, this paper carries out comprehensive investigations on the rheometric behaviour of the model fluid squalane. Based on traction measurements at four different tribometers, an overall parameter optimisation and performance evaluation of three different shear-thinning models is performed using numerical TEHD simulations. In order to additionally validate the theoretical viscosity behaviour, the optimised shear-thinning curves are then compared with comprehensive non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. The key aspect of this paper is the simultaneous consideration of the shear-thinning models in terms of rheometric, experimental, and simulative investigations without changing the parameters. All investigations show that the Eyring model, despite its simplicity, provides the best agreement in both the numerical contact simulation and the NEMD simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials)
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24 pages, 7099 KiB  
Article
High-Pressure Thermophysical Properties of Eight Paraffinic, Naphthenic, Polyalphaolefin and Ester Base Oils
by Antía Villamayor, María J. G. Guimarey, Fátima Mariño, José M. Liñeira del Río, Francisco Urquiola, Raquel Urchegui, María J. P. Comuñas and Josefa Fernández
Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020055 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
In this work, the thermophysical properties of four mineral (paraffinic and naphthenic) and four synthetic (polyalphaolefin and ester) base oils are measured. Knowledge of these properties is of vital importance for the correct and optimal formulation and design of lubricants, and for the [...] Read more.
In this work, the thermophysical properties of four mineral (paraffinic and naphthenic) and four synthetic (polyalphaolefin and ester) base oils are measured. Knowledge of these properties is of vital importance for the correct and optimal formulation and design of lubricants, and for the development of equations of state and transport models that adequately represent their properties. Density, isothermal compressibility, thermal expansion coefficient, dynamic viscosity, pressure–viscosity coefficient, and contact angle were determined. To carry out this work, a pρT apparatus, a rotational viscometer, a falling body viscometer, and a contact angle analyzer were used. Highest densities were found for the polyalphaolefin and ester synthetic oils, increasing around 5% from 0.1 to 100 MPa for all the base oils. The density of the synthetic oils is less dependent on temperature changes. For the expansivity and compressibility of all the base oils, decreases with pressure of up to 35% and 45% were observed. From the contact angle measurements, it was observed that base oils with a higher viscosity grade have a worse wetting. The greatest effect of pressure on the dynamic viscosity was obtained for the naphthenic mineral oil and the lowest effect for the polyalphaolefin oil. Paraffinic and naphthenic oils present the highest universal pressure–viscosity coefficients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials)
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3 pages, 185 KiB  
Reply
Reply to Bair, S. Comment on “Neupert, T.; Bartel, D. Evaluation of Various Shear-Thinning Models for Squalane Using Traction Measurements, TEHD and NEMD Simulations. Lubricants 2023, 11, 178”
by Thomas Neupert and Dirk Bartel
Lubricants 2023, 11(9), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090394 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 573
Abstract
After the publication of our paper, we received a comment [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials)
4 pages, 1212 KiB  
Comment
Comment on Neupert, T.; Bartel, D. Evaluation of Various Shear-Thinning Models for Squalane Using Traction Measurements, TEHD and NEMD Simulations. Lubricants 2023, 11, 178
by Scott Bair
Lubricants 2023, 11(9), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090393 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 599
Abstract
The field of EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) may be the only one in science in which a model for shear-dependent viscosity would be evaluated by means other than viscometer measurements [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheological Characteristics of Lubricants and Soft Tribo-Materials)
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