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Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin...
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Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2023) | Viewed by 14377

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rachele Garella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: signaling; adiponectin

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Among the adipokines, adiponectin is attracting a great deal of attention due to its multiple actions: it appears to be involved in different physiological conditions, and to have a relevant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the whole body. In addition to this, several studies report adiponectin as a hormone capable of exerting beneficial effects as an antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent in both animals and humans. The hormone has also been shown to have a role in suppressing lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, and in increasing fatty acid oxidation and energy consumption. Adiponectin receptors are indeed expressed both in the brain and in peripheral tissues, and show different affinities for specific adiponectin isoforms. Post-translational modifications are important for the determination of adiponectin functionality because different isoforms of adiponectin exhibit different biological activities. Adiponectin is one of the most concentrated hormones in plasma, but despite its abundance, circulating plasma concentrations of adiponectin change significantly in a number of health and pathological conditions.

Given the heterogeneity of actions of adiponectin and considering that all its possible mechanisms of action have not yet been clarified, understanding the complexity underlying the hormone biology acquires considerable scientific value for the whole community.

Dr. Rachele Garella
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adipose tissue
  • metabolism
  • metabolic disorder
  • inflammation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8973 KiB  
Article
Adiponectin Modulates Smooth Muscle Cell Morpho-Functional Properties in Murine Gastric Fundus via Sphingosine Kinase 2 Activation
by Rachele Garella, Caterina Bernacchioni, Flaminia Chellini, Alessia Tani, Francesco Palmieri, Martina Parigi, Daniele Guasti, Emanuele Cassioli, Giovanni Castellini, Valdo Ricca, Daniele Bani, Chiara Sassoli, Chiara Donati and Roberta Squecco
Life 2023, 13(9), 1812; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091812 - 26 Aug 2023
Viewed by 975
Abstract
Adipokines are peptide hormones produced by the adipose tissue involved in several biological functions. Among adipokines, adiponectin (ADPN) has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can also modulate food intake at central and peripheral levels, acting on hypothalamus and facilitating gastric relaxation. ADPN exerts [...] Read more.
Adipokines are peptide hormones produced by the adipose tissue involved in several biological functions. Among adipokines, adiponectin (ADPN) has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can also modulate food intake at central and peripheral levels, acting on hypothalamus and facilitating gastric relaxation. ADPN exerts its action interacting with two distinct membrane receptors and triggering some well-defined signaling cascades. The ceramidase activity of ADPN receptor has been reported in many tissues: it converts ceramide into sphingosine. In turn, sphingosine kinase (SK) phosphorylates it into sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), a crucial mediator of many cellular processes including contractility. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combined biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological investigations, we explored for the first time the possible role of S1P metabolism in mediating ADPN effects on the murine gastric fundus muscle layer. By using a specific pharmacological inhibitor of SK2, we showed that ADPN affects smooth muscle cell membrane properties and contractile machinery via SK2 activation in gastric fundus, adding a piece of knowledge to the action mechanisms of this hormone. These findings help to identify ADPN and its receptors as new therapeutic targets or as possible prognostic markers for diseases with altered energy balance and for pathologies with fat mass content alterations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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14 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship of Adiponectin with Reproduction in Infertile Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI Treatment, and an Experimental Study in Human Granulosa Cells
by Lixian Qin, Chantacha Sitticharoon, Somsin Petyim, Issarawan Keadkraichaiwat, Rungnapa Sririwichitchai, Pailin Maikaew and Malika Churintaraphan
Life 2023, 13(4), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040994 - 12 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1284
Abstract
This study investigated the roles of adiponectin in IVF treatment during Phase I (the basal stage before gonadotropin administration), Phase II (approximately 8 days after gonadotropin administration), and Phase III (on the ovum pick-up day), as well as the effects of adiponectin on [...] Read more.
This study investigated the roles of adiponectin in IVF treatment during Phase I (the basal stage before gonadotropin administration), Phase II (approximately 8 days after gonadotropin administration), and Phase III (on the ovum pick-up day), as well as the effects of adiponectin on CYP19A1 and the FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA expression in a human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). In human subjects (a longitudinal study, n = 30), blood samples were collected in all phases, while follicular fluid (FF) was only collected in Phase III. The participants were classified into successful and unsuccessful groups based on the determination of fetal heartbeats. KGN cells were treated with adiponectin/FSH/IGF-1 (an experimental study, n = 3). There was no difference in the adiponectin levels between successful and unsuccessful pregnancies in the FF (Phase III) and in serum (all phases), as well as among the three phases in both groups. Serum FSH (Phase I) was positively associated with serum adiponectin in the unsuccessful group, but it had a negative association in the successful group (all phases). Serum adiponectin and serum FSH (Phase I) were positively correlated in the unsuccessful group, whereas they were negatively correlated (all phases) in the successful group. The serum adiponectin levels (Phase III) were significantly higher than in the FF in unsuccessful pregnancies, but there was no difference in successful pregnancies. FF adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with serum LH in successful subjects. In KGN cells, adiponectin had no influence on CYP19A1 and FSHR mRNA expression. High adiponectin levels in serum compared to FF (Phase III) in unsuccessful subjects might negatively impact IVF treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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18 pages, 4782 KiB  
Article
Repurposing Pitavastatin and L-Glutamine: Replenishing β-Cells in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model
by Sayantani Pramanik Palit, Roma Patel, Nishant Parmar, Nirali Rathwa, Nilay Dalvi, A. V. Ramachandran and Rasheedunnisa Begum
Life 2023, 13(4), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040929 - 1 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with obesity and declining β-cells. L-glutamine has been implicated in the amelioration of T2D by virtue of its incretin secretagogue property while, there are mixed reports on pitavastatin’s adiponectin potentiating ability. We aimed to investigate the effect [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with obesity and declining β-cells. L-glutamine has been implicated in the amelioration of T2D by virtue of its incretin secretagogue property while, there are mixed reports on pitavastatin’s adiponectin potentiating ability. We aimed to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (P), L-glutamine (LG), and combination (P + LG) on glycemic control and β-cell regeneration in a high-fat diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D mouse model. C57BL6/J mice treated with HFD + STZ were divided into four groups: diabetes control (HFD + STZ), P, LG, and P + LG, while the control group (NCD) was fed with the normal-chow diet. Significant amelioration was observed in the combination therapy as compared to monotherapies in respect of (i) insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, lipid profile, adiponectin levels, and mitochondrial complexes I, II, and III activities, (ii) reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phophatase, glycogen phosphorylase, and GLUT2 transcript levels with increased glycogen content in the liver, (iii) restoration of insulin receptor 1β, pAkt/Akt, and AdipoR1 protein levels in skeletal muscle, and (iv) significant increase in islet number due to β-cell regeneration and reduced β-cell death. L-glutamine and pitavastatin in combination can ameliorate T2D by inducing β-cell regeneration and regulating glucose homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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Review

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16 pages, 3736 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications
by Mahmuda Begum, Mayank Choubey, Munichandra Babu Tirumalasetty, Shahida Arbee, Mohammad Mohabbulla Mohib, Md Wahiduzzaman, Mohammed A. Mamun, Mohammad Borhan Uddin and Mohammad Sarif Mohiuddin
Life 2023, 13(11), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112213 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3239
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, presents a formidable global health challenge with its associated complications. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has emerged as a significant player in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, presents a formidable global health challenge with its associated complications. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has emerged as a significant player in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasoprotective properties, making it an appealing therapeutic target for mitigating diabetic complications. The molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin impacts critical pathways implicated in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular problems are thoroughly examined in this study. In addition, we explore possible treatment options for increasing adiponectin levels or improving its downstream signaling. The multifaceted protective roles of adiponectin in diabetic complications suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic avenue. However, further translational studies and clinical trials are warranted to fully harness the therapeutic potential of adiponectin in the management of diabetic complications. This review highlights adiponectin as a promising target for the treatment of diverse diabetic complications and encourages continued research in this pivotal area of diabetes therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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21 pages, 1478 KiB  
Review
The Role of Adiponectin during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes
by Brittany L. Moyce Gruber and Vernon W. Dolinsky
Life 2023, 13(2), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020301 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3582
Abstract
Pregnancy involves a range of metabolic adaptations to supply adequate energy for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is a recognized risk factor for both pregnancy complications and long-term maternal and offspring [...] Read more.
Pregnancy involves a range of metabolic adaptations to supply adequate energy for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is a recognized risk factor for both pregnancy complications and long-term maternal and offspring risk of cardiometabolic disease development. While pregnancy changes maternal metabolism, GDM can be viewed as a maladaptation by maternal systems to pregnancy, which may include mechanisms such as insufficient insulin secretion, dysregulated hepatic glucose output, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity. Adiponectin is an adipose-tissue-derived adipokine that circulates in the body and regulates a diverse range of physiologic mechanisms including energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In pregnant women, circulating adiponectin levels decrease correspondingly with insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin levels are low in GDM. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and the role of adiponectin in these processes, with a focus on GDM. Recent studies from rodent model systems have clarified that adiponectin deficiency during pregnancy contributes to GDM development. The upregulation of adiponectin alleviates hyperglycemia in pregnant mice, although much remains to be understood for adiponectin to be utilized clinically for GDM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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Other

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14 pages, 1768 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Adiponectin Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yunqing Zhang, Yigao Wu, Xueyin Fei, Yixuan Li, Yanchun Li and Xu Yan
Life 2023, 13(8), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081772 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Serum adiponectin plays a vital role in various physiological processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic activities. Any abnormalities in its concentration can lead to adverse health outcomes, particularly in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate factors influencing serum [...] Read more.
Serum adiponectin plays a vital role in various physiological processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic activities. Any abnormalities in its concentration can lead to adverse health outcomes, particularly in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate factors influencing serum adiponectin concentrations in this population. The primary objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted up to January 2023, utilising five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov. The inclusion criteria involved studies that focused solely on aerobic exercise as an intervention for children and adolescents with obesity. Only studies that reported outcome indicators related to serum adiponectin were considered for analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) assessment tool, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software. This meta-analysis incorporated data from eight trials, involving a total of 272 subjects. The results demonstrated that aerobic training significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33 to 1.37; I2 = 0%; p = 0.001] in children and adolescents with obesity when compared to non-exercise controls. Furthermore, the magnitude of this effect appears to be influenced by the intensity of aerobic exercise, with higher-intensity aerobic exercise resulting in greater increases in serum adiponectin concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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16 pages, 1342 KiB  
Systematic Review
Comparison of Adiponectin Levels in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, Obesity, Constitutional Thinness, and Healthy Controls: A Network Meta-Analysis
by Umit Tural, Allison Sparpana, Elizabeth Sullivan and Dan V. Iosifescu
Life 2023, 13(5), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051181 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Adiponectin is a protein hormone that is produced and secreted primarily by adipose tissue. The levels of adiponectin in those with eating disorders, obesity, and healthy controls have been extensively studied. However, the general picture of the differences in adiponectin levels across the [...] Read more.
Adiponectin is a protein hormone that is produced and secreted primarily by adipose tissue. The levels of adiponectin in those with eating disorders, obesity, and healthy controls have been extensively studied. However, the general picture of the differences in adiponectin levels across the mentioned conditions is still unclear and fragmented. In this study, we pooled previous studies and performed a network meta-analysis to gain a global picture of comparisons of adiponectin levels across eating disorders, obesity, constitutional thinness, and healthy controls. Electronic databases were searched for anorexia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, healthy controls, night eating syndrome, obesity, and constitutional thinness in studies where adiponectin levels were measured. A total of 4262 participants from 50 published studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in participants with anorexia nervosa than in healthy controls (Hedges’ g = 0.701, p < 0.001). However, adiponectin levels in constitutionally thin participants were not significantly different from those of healthy controls (Hedges’ g = 0.470, p = 0.187). Obesity and binge-eating disorder were associated with significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to those of healthy controls (Hedges’ g = −0.852, p < 0.001 and Hedges’ g = −0.756, p = 0.024, respectively). The disorders characterized by excessive increases or decreases in BMI were associated with significant changes in adiponectin levels. These results suggest that adiponectin may be an important marker of severely disequilibrated homeostasis, especially in fat, glucose, and bone metabolisms. Nonetheless, an increase in adiponectin may not simply be associated with a decrease in BMI, as constitutional thinness is not associated with a significant increase in adiponectin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Studies in Adiponectin: Toward Understanding the Complexities of Adiponectin Biology)
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