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Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering
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Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 21088

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Valeria Chiono

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
2. Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
Interests: tissue engineering; scaffold; hydrogels; drug release
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jack Adam Tuszynski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: computational drug discovery with a major focus on chemotherapy and more recently novel anti-viral agents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our privilege to invite you to submit a manuscript for the upcoming Special Issue of the Journal of Functional Biomaterials entitled “Application of Biomechanical Model in Tissue Engineering”.

This Special Issue is aimed at the publication of interdisciplinary studies integrating biomechanical studies and tissue engineering research activities.

Currently, tissue engineering approaches are under development to regenerate damaged or diseased tissues in vivo or to create living tissue replacements or tissue models in vitro. On the other hand, biomechanics consists of the application of mechanical engineering principles to living organisms at different levels: The cellular level (e.g., response of cells to an externally applied force or deformation), tissue level and whole-joint or organ level.

Tissue engineering and biomechanics are two complementary research fields: The outcomes of regenerative strategies are strongly dependent on how cells and tissues sense and adapt to mechanical cues, such as substrate stiffness and mechanical stimulation, including stretching, compression, friction, wear and fatigue. Hence, biomechanical studies are fundamental to the successful development of clinical therapies based on the principles of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for a broad range of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, craniofacial, skin, urinary, and neural tissues.

This Special Issue is dedicated to presenting the role and impact of experimental and computational biomechanics in the engineering of functional tissues.

Through a collection of original papers, this Special Issue aims to exhibit the latest state-of-the-art in R&D ideas, concepts, findings, achievements, and future projections and promote awareness of these multidisciplinary studies, thereby encouraging bridging the gap between medicine, pharmacy, material sciences, biomechanics and engineering for research collaboration across fields to address critical and urgent tissue engineering/regenerative medicine concerns.

Clinicians and researchers are invited to contribute with their original evidence-based articles, as well as critical literature review manuscripts, summarizing the most recent and exciting innovative developments.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Biofabrication and bioreactors for functional tissue systems;
  • Biofabrication for musculoskeletal tissue engineering;
  • Biomaterials and biomechanics;
  • Biomechanical microengineering of tissue mimics for human disease modelling;
  • Biomechanics of heart valve tissue engineering;
  • Biomechanics of muscle, tendon and ligament tissue engineering;
  • Biomechanics of pelvic floor/bladder engineering;
  • Biomechanics of vascular tissue engineering;
  • Functional bone and cranio-facial tissue engineering;
  • Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage and fibrocartilage;
  • Mechanical issues in interfacial tissue engineering;
  • Mechanical regulation of stem cell behavior;
  • Mechanotransduction in engineered tissue;
  • Mechanobiology and tissue engineering of skin;
  • Mechanobiology and tissue engineering of the respiratory tract;
  • Mechanobiology of engineered soft tissue growth and remodeling;
  • Microfluidics;
  • Nanotherapeutics and nanoparticle transport;
  • Physical regulators and transport cues in tissue engineering;
  • Tools for validating numerical models for tissue engineering;

Prof. Dr. Valeria Chiono
Prof. Dr. Jack Adam Tuszynski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biomaterials
  • Biomechanical Modelling
  • Biomechanics
  • Biofabrication
  • Bioreactors
  • Biotransport
  • Computational Models
  • Fluid-structure
  • Interfacial Tissue Engineering
  • Drug Release
  • Hydrogels
  • Mechanotransduction
  • Microfluidics
  • Nanotherapeutics
  • Scaffolds
  • Tissue Engineering

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1562 KiB  
Article
Determination of Stent Load Conditions in New Zealand White Rabbit Urethra
by Agnieszka G. Mackiewicz, Tomasz Klekiel, Jagoda Kurowiak, Tomasz Piasecki and Romuald Bedzinski
J. Funct. Biomater. 2020, 11(4), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11040070 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2533
Abstract
Background: Frequency of urethral stenosis makes it necessary to develop new innovative methods of treating this disease. This pathology most often occurs in men and manifests itself in painful urination, reduced urine flow, or total urinary retention. This is a condition that requires [...] Read more.
Background: Frequency of urethral stenosis makes it necessary to develop new innovative methods of treating this disease. This pathology most often occurs in men and manifests itself in painful urination, reduced urine flow, or total urinary retention. This is a condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Methods: Experimental tests were carried out on a rabbit in order to determine the changes of pressure in the urethra system and to estimate the velocity of urine flow. For this purpose, a measuring system was proposed to measure the pressure of a fluid-filled urethra. A fluoroscope was used to observe the deformability of the bladder and urethra canal. Results: Based on these tests, the range of changes in the urethra tube diameter, the pressures inside the system, and the flow velocity during micturition were determined. Conclusions: The presented studies allowed determining the behavior of the urethra under the conditions of urinary filling. The fluid-filled bladder and urethra increased their dimensions significantly. Such large changes require that the stents used for the treatment of urethral stenosis should not have a fixed diameter but should adapt to changing urethral dimensions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering)
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13 pages, 2529 KiB  
Article
Anti-Metastatic Effects of Plant Sap-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a 3D Microfluidic Cancer Metastasis Model
by Kimin Kim, Jik-Han Jung, Hye Ju Yoo, Jae-Kyung Hyun, Ji-Ho Park, Dokyun Na and Ju Hun Yeon
J. Funct. Biomater. 2020, 11(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11030049 - 08 Jul 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4087
Abstract
Natural medicinal plants have attracted considerable research attention for their potential as effective drugs. The roots, leaves and stems of the plant, Dendropanax morbifera, which is endemic to southern regions of Asia, have long been used as a folk medicine to treat [...] Read more.
Natural medicinal plants have attracted considerable research attention for their potential as effective drugs. The roots, leaves and stems of the plant, Dendropanax morbifera, which is endemic to southern regions of Asia, have long been used as a folk medicine to treat variety of diseases. However, the sap of this plant has not been widely studied and its bioactive properties have yet to be clearly elucidated. Here, we isolated extracellular vesicles from D. morbifera sap with the goal of improving the intracellular delivery efficiency and clinical effectiveness of bioactive compounds in D. morbifera sap. We further investigated the anti-metastatic effects of D. morbifera sap-derived extracellular vesicles (DMS-EVs) using a cancer metastasis model based on 3D microfluidic system that closely mimics the in vivo tumor environment. We found that DMS-EVs exerted a concentration-dependent suppressive effect on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are important mediators of cancer metastasis. DMS-EVs also altered expression level of genes, especially growth factor and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes, including integrin and collagen. Our findings suggest that DMS-EVs can act as anti-CAF agents to reduce CAFs in the tumor microenvironment. They further indicate the utility of our 3D microfluidic model for various drug-screening assays as a potential alternative to animal testing for use in validating therapeutic effects on cancer metastasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering)
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13 pages, 4005 KiB  
Article
Open-Cell Tizr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Scaffolds with Excellent Biocompatibility and Suitable Mechanical Properties for Biomedical Application
by Van Tai Nguyen, Xavier Pei-Chun Wong, Sin-Mao Song, Pei-Hua Tsai, Jason Shian-Ching Jang, I-Yu Tsao, Che-Hsin Lin and Van Cuong Nguyen
J. Funct. Biomater. 2020, 11(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020028 - 01 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3454
Abstract
A series of biocompatible high-porosity (up to 72.4%) TiZr-based porous bulk metallic glass (BMG) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by hot pressing a mixture of toxic element-free TiZr-based BMG powder and an Al particle space holder. The morphology of the fabricated scaffolds was similar [...] Read more.
A series of biocompatible high-porosity (up to 72.4%) TiZr-based porous bulk metallic glass (BMG) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by hot pressing a mixture of toxic element-free TiZr-based BMG powder and an Al particle space holder. The morphology of the fabricated scaffolds was similar to that of human bones, with pore sizes ranging from 75 to 250 μm. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the amorphous structure of the TiZr-based BMG scaffolds remained in the amorphous state after hot pressing. Noncytotoxicity and extracellular calcium deposition of the TiZr-based BMG scaffolds at porosities of 32.8%, 48.8%, and 64.0% were examined by using the direct contact method. The results showed that the BMG scaffolds possess high cell viability and extracellular calcium deposition with average cell survival and deposition rates of approximately 170.1% and 130.9%, respectively. In addition, the resulting TiZr-based BMG scaffolds exhibited a considerable reduction in Young’s moduli from 56.4 to 2.3 GPa, compressive strength from 979 to 19 MPa, and bending strength from 157 MPa to 49 MPa when the porosity was gradually increased from 2.0% to 72.4%. Based on the aforementioned specific characteristics, TiZr-based BMG scaffolds can be considered as potential candidates for biomedical applications in the human body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering)
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16 pages, 4827 KiB  
Article
Simulated Performance of a Xenohybrid Bone Graft (SmartBone®) in the Treatment of Acetabular Prosthetic Reconstruction
by Carlo Francesco Grottoli, Alberto Cingolani, Fabio Zambon, Riccardo Ferracini, Tomaso Villa and Giuseppe Perale
J. Funct. Biomater. 2019, 10(4), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb10040053 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5182
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure for the replacement of hip joints with artificial prostheses. Several approaches are currently employed in the treatment of this kind of defect. Overall, the most common method involves using a quite invasive metallic support (a [...] Read more.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure for the replacement of hip joints with artificial prostheses. Several approaches are currently employed in the treatment of this kind of defect. Overall, the most common method involves using a quite invasive metallic support (a Burch–Schneider ring). Moreover, valid alternatives and less invasive techniques still need to be supported by novel material development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone graft composed of a bovine bone matrix reinforced with biodegradable polymers and collagen, as an effective support in acetabular prosthesis reconstruction. Specifically, the material’s mechanical properties were experimentally determined (E = ~1.25 GPa, Ef = ~0.34 GPa, and Et = ~0.49 GPa) and used for simulation of the hip joint system with a SmartBone® insert. Moreover, a comparison with a similar case treated with a Burch–Schneider ring was also conducted. It was found that it is possible to perform THA revision surgeries without the insertion of an invasive metal support and it can be nicely combined with SmartBone®’s osteointegration characteristics. The material can withstand the loads independently (σmax = ~12 MPa) or be supported by a thinner titanium plate in contact with the bone in the worst cases. This way, improved bone regeneration can be achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering)
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Review

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40 pages, 11081 KiB  
Review
Liver Bioreactor Design Issues of Fluid Flow and Zonation, Fibrosis, and Mechanics: A Computational Perspective
by Vahid Rezania, Dennis Coombe and Jack Tuszynski
J. Funct. Biomater. 2020, 11(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11010013 - 28 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5105
Abstract
Tissue engineering, with the goal of repairing or replacing damaged tissue and organs, has continued to make dramatic science-based advances since its origins in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Such advances are always multi-disciplinary in nature, from basic biology and chemistry through [...] Read more.
Tissue engineering, with the goal of repairing or replacing damaged tissue and organs, has continued to make dramatic science-based advances since its origins in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Such advances are always multi-disciplinary in nature, from basic biology and chemistry through physics and mathematics to various engineering and computer fields. This review will focus its attention on two topics critical for tissue engineering liver development: (a) fluid flow, zonation, and drug screening, and (b) biomechanics, tissue stiffness, and fibrosis, all within the context of 3D structures. First, a general overview of various bioreactor designs developed to investigate fluid transport and tissue biomechanics is given. This includes a mention of computational fluid dynamic methods used to optimize and validate these designs. Thereafter, the perspective provided by computer simulations of flow, reactive transport, and biomechanics responses at the scale of the liver lobule and liver tissue is outlined, in addition to how bioreactor-measured properties can be utilized in these models. Here, the fundamental issues of tortuosity and upscaling are highlighted, as well as the role of disease and fibrosis in these issues. Some idealized simulations of the effects of fibrosis on lobule drug transport and mechanics responses are provided to further illustrate these concepts. This review concludes with an outline of some practical applications of tissue engineering advances and how efficient computational upscaling techniques, such as dual continuum modeling, might be used to quantify the transition of bioreactor results to the full liver scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomechanical Model on Tissue Engineering)
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