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Advances in Functions of Transfer RNAs

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 2972

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: genetic code; genetic translation; codon usage; proteome control; tRNAs; ribosomes; proteome quality control in cell biology and disease; structure-function studies of protein-RNA interactions; biomedicine and biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: small non-coding RNA biology; nucleic acids-based therapeutics; post-transcriptional control of gene expression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transfer RNA (tRNA) has been in the focus of molecular biology since its central role in translating the genetic code was first predicted by Crick, over 60 years ago. Despite this long history, exciting new revelations continue to be discovered around tRNA, as a consequence of its intricate integration with all aspects of cell biology.

Current interest in tRNA is far from limited to its canonical role in translation, and extends now to metabolism, cell signaling, stress responses, and a range of medical conditions from infectious diseases to cancer. This Special Issue will cover the evolution of the molecule and the genetic code, tRNA synthesis and cellular distribution, roles in translation, signaling connections between tRNAs and regulatory pathways, roles in disease, and biotechnological advances. We hope to provide, once again, a useful compilation of the latest developments in tRNA biology.

Prof. Dr. Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
Dr. Adrian Gabriel Torres
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • transfer RNA
  • structure-function
  • genes
  • maturation
  • mutation
  • translation
  • genetic code
  • codon recognition
  • aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis
  • protein synthesis
  • biosynthesis
  • synthetic biology
  • tRNA-dependent regulation
  • posttranscriptional modifications

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3606 KiB  
Article
RTCB Complex Regulates Stress-Induced tRNA Cleavage
by Yasutoshi Akiyama, Yoshika Takenaka, Tomoko Kasahara, Takaaki Abe, Yoshihisa Tomioka and Pavel Ivanov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113100 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Under stress conditions, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are cleaved by stress-responsive RNases such as angiogenin, generating tRNA-derived RNAs called tiRNAs. As tiRNAs contribute to cytoprotection through inhibition of translation and prevention of apoptosis, the regulation of tiRNA production is critical for cellular stress response. [...] Read more.
Under stress conditions, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are cleaved by stress-responsive RNases such as angiogenin, generating tRNA-derived RNAs called tiRNAs. As tiRNAs contribute to cytoprotection through inhibition of translation and prevention of apoptosis, the regulation of tiRNA production is critical for cellular stress response. Here, we show that RTCB ligase complex (RTCB-LC), an RNA ligase complex involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and precursor tRNA splicing, negatively regulates stress-induced tiRNA production. Knockdown of RTCB significantly increased stress-induced tiRNA production, suggesting that RTCB-LC negatively regulates tiRNA production. Gel-purified tiRNAs were repaired to full-length tRNAs by RtcB in vitro, suggesting that RTCB-LC can generate full length tRNAs from tiRNAs. As RTCB-LC is inhibited under oxidative stress, we further investigated whether tiRNA production is promoted through the inhibition of RTCB-LC under oxidative stress. Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) itself did not induce tiRNA production, it rapidly boosted tiRNA production under the condition where stress-responsive RNases are activated. We propose a model of stress-induced tiRNA production consisting of two factors, a trigger and booster. This RTCB-LC-mediated boosting mechanism may contribute to the effective stress response in the cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Functions of Transfer RNAs)
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