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Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 August 2022) | Viewed by 2660

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departments of Physiology/Anatomy and Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
Interests: lipoprotein (structure, function, and metabolism); drug delivery; optimization of therapeutic payload delivery; lipoprotein mimetics; apolipoprotein mimetics; anticancer drugs
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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
Interests: fluorescence;biomedical and diagnostic fields; laser confocal microscopy; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM); cellular imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipoprotein-based drug delivery has been pursued by several research groups since the 1980s. Nevertheless, despite its many advantages over existing technologies, no lipoprotein-based formulation appears close to being tested in clinical trials. Significant research efforts on rHDL are involved in atherosclerosis treatment. Moreover, synthetic lipoproteins (rHDL and rLDL) have been utilized in targeting various malignancies (e.g., cancer) of various tissues including, but not limited to adrenal, testes, ovary, liver, pancreas, breast, prostate, and brain in animal models. Moreover, owing to their inflammatory and antioxidant properties, these nanoparticles have become relevant in inflammatory diseases and those originating from oxidative stress. HDL and Apo-A1 are known to play a critical role in immunity as well. Several reports have implicated rHDL nanoparticles in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Considering the wide array of applications of these mimics of endogenous HDL, this Special Edition titled “Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences is intended to explore the paths for overcoming the current barriers to the delivery of anticancer agents using reconstituted HDL or HDL mimetics by reporting on the latest developments by the leading research groups in this area.

Prof. Andras G. Lacko PhD.
Asst. Prof. Rafal Fudala PhD
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Recent advances in HDL and HDL mimetic nanoparticles
  • Tumor selective delivery
  • Tumor imaging
  • Specific therapeutic applications
  • Challenges to overcome for translation
  • HDL and antioxidant propertie
  • Apolipoproteins and inflammatory properties
  • Tumor microenvironment

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3141 KiB  
Article
Trp Fluorescence Redshift during HDL Apolipoprotein Denaturation Is Increased in Patients with Coronary Syndrome in Acute Phase: A New Assay to Evaluate HDL Stability
by Victoria López-Olmos, María Luna-Luna, Elizabeth Carreón-Torres, Héctor González-Pacheco, Rocío Bautista-Pérez, Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez, José Manuel Fragoso, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón and Óscar Pérez-Méndez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 7819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157819 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins’ (HDL) stability is a determinant of their residence times in plasma and consequently an important parameter that influences the beneficial properties of these lipoproteins. Since there are no accessible procedures for this purpose, here, we describe the methodological conditions to assess [...] Read more.
High-density lipoproteins’ (HDL) stability is a determinant of their residence times in plasma and consequently an important parameter that influences the beneficial properties of these lipoproteins. Since there are no accessible procedures for this purpose, here, we describe the methodological conditions to assess the stability of the HDL based on the redshift of the fluorescence spectrum of tryptophans contained in the structure of HDL-apolipoproteins during incubation with urea 8M. Along the HDL denaturation kinetics, the main variations of fluorescence were observed at the wavelengths of 330, 344, and 365 nm at room temperature. Therefore, HDL denaturation was estimated using the tryptophan (Trp)-ratio of fluorescence intensity (rfi) at such wavelengths. By setting 100% of the measurable denaturation at 26 h, HDL reached 50% after 8 h of incubation with urea. Then, for further analyses we determined the percentage of HDL denaturation at 8 h as an estimation of the stability of these lipoproteins. To explore the potential usefulness of this test, we analyzed the stability of HDL isolated from the plasma of 24 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These HDL presented significantly higher percentages of denaturation (64.9% (58.7–78.4)) than HDLs of healthy individuals (23.3% (20.3-27.0)). These results indicate that HDL in ACS are less stable than in control subjects. Moreover, the percentage of denaturation of HDL correlated with body mass index and aspartate transaminase plasma activity. Furthermore, apo-I, HDL-cholesterol, HDL-triglycerides, and apo A-I-to-triglycerides ratio correlated with the percentage of HDL denaturation, suggesting that the lipoprotein composition is a main determinant of HDL stability. Finally, the percentage of HDL denaturation is the parameter that predicted the presence of ACS as determined by a machine learning procedure and logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, we established the methodological conditions to assess the stability of HDL by a fluorescence-based method that merits exploration in prospective studies for evaluating the coronary artery disease risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy 2.0)
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