The Roles of Kinds of Hormones in the Cardiovascular System

Dear Colleagues, 

Hormones are highly effective biologically active substances secreted by endocrine glands or endocrine cells, which act as messengers in the body to regulate its physiological processes. Hormones affect everything that happens in human body, including the heart. The cardiovascular system is governed by types of hormonal regulation, such as growth hormone, thyroid hormone, sex hormones, aldosterone, etc. Numerous studies have confirmed that hormones and cardiovascular diseases are closely related: growth hormone can promote myocardial tissue growth and improve cardiac function; the target organ of thyroxine is the heart; sex hormones play an irreplacable role in atherosclerosis (AS); and excess aldosterone directly causes important changes in the heart and vascular system. Additionally, whether hormone replacement therapy protects the cardiovascular system or increases the risk of cardiovascular disease is worthy of continued exploration.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the direct roles of different types of hormones in the cardiovascular system.

Dr. Luigi Petramala
Guest Editor

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