International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Editorial

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4 pages, 206 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications

by Bong-Hyun Jun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115790 - 31 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1329

Abstract

Optical materials interact significantly with electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions of the spectrum [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

Research

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13 pages, 7484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tellurite Glasses from the 70TeO₂-5XO-10P₂O₅-10ZnO-5PbF₂(X= Pb, Bi, Ti) System Doped Erbium Ions—The Influence of Erbium on the Structure and Physical Properties

by Katarzyna Pach-Zawada, Magdalena Leśniak, Katarzyna Filipecka-Szymczyk, Edmund Golis, Maciej Sitarz, Dominik Dorosz and Jacek Filipecki

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3556; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043556 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1618

Abstract

In this article, we present research on the influence of erbium ions on the structure and magneto-optical properties of 70TeO₂-5XO-10P₂O₅-10ZnO-5PbF₂ (X = Pb, Bi, Ti) tellurite glass systems. Structural changes occurring in the glasses during doping [...] Read more.

In this article, we present research on the influence of erbium ions on the structure and magneto-optical properties of 70TeO₂-5XO-10P₂O₅-10ZnO-5PbF₂ (X = Pb, Bi, Ti) tellurite glass systems. Structural changes occurring in the glasses during doping with erbium ions were investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to confirm the amorphous structure of the investigated samples. Based on the Faraday effect measurements and calculated values of Verdet constant, the magneto-optical properties of the glasses were determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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12 pages, 3390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photoconduction and Electroluminescence of Copper (II) Protoporphyrin and Chlorin Cu-C-e6

by Dmitry A. Lypenko, Alexey E. Aleksandrov, Andrey Yu. Chernyadyev, Sergey I. Pozin, Aslan Yu. Tsivadze and Alexey R. Tameev

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043178 - 6 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1255

Abstract

Cu (II) protoporphyrin Cu-PP-IX and chlorin Cu-C-e6 were found to have both thin solid film formation and charge carrier transport abilities. In the layers deposited by resistive thermal evaporation, the mobilities of holes and electrons are on the order of 10⁻⁵ cm [...] Read more.

Cu (II) protoporphyrin Cu-PP-IX and chlorin Cu-C-e6 were found to have both thin solid film formation and charge carrier transport abilities. In the layers deposited by resistive thermal evaporation, the mobilities of holes and electrons are on the order of 10⁻⁵ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. Organic light-emitting diodes incorporating the dye molecules as emitting dopants demonstrate electroluminescence in the UV and near-IR ranges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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15 pages, 5906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bifunctional Temperature and Oxygen Dual Probe Based on Anthracene and Europium Complex Luminescence

by Diogo Alves Gálico, Italo Odone Mazali and Fernando Aparecido Sigoli

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14526; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314526 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1121

Abstract

In this work, we synthesized a polydimethylsiloxane membrane containing two emitter groups chemically attached to the membrane structure. For this, we attached the anthracene group and the [Eu(bzac)₃] complex as blue and red emitters, respectively, in the matrix via hydrosilylation reactions. [...] Read more.

In this work, we synthesized a polydimethylsiloxane membrane containing two emitter groups chemically attached to the membrane structure. For this, we attached the anthracene group and the [Eu(bzac)₃] complex as blue and red emitters, respectively, in the matrix via hydrosilylation reactions. The synthesized membrane can be used as a bifunctional temperature and oxygen ratiometric optical probe by analyzing the effects that temperature changes and oxygen levels produce on the ratio of anthracene and europium(III) emission components. As a temperature probe, the system is operational in the 203–323 K range, with an observed maximum relative sensitivity of 2.06% K⁻¹ at 290 K and temperature uncertainties below 0.1 K over all the operational range. As an oxygen probe, we evaluated the ratiometric response at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C. These results show an interesting approach to obtaining bifunctional ratiometric optical probes and also suggest the presence of an anthracene → europium(III) energy transfer, even though there is no chemical bonding between species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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15 pages, 9712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrical Stimulation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on O₂ Plasma-Treated ITO Glass Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation

by Seungho Baek, Heekyung Park, Fatma Dilara Igci and Donghyun Lee

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12490; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012490 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1416

Abstract

Electrical signals represent an essential form of cellular communication. For decades, electrical stimulation has been used effectively in clinical practice to enhance bone healing. However, the detailed mechanisms between electrical stimulation and bone healing are not well understood. In addition, there have been [...] Read more.

Electrical signals represent an essential form of cellular communication. For decades, electrical stimulation has been used effectively in clinical practice to enhance bone healing. However, the detailed mechanisms between electrical stimulation and bone healing are not well understood. In addition, there have been many difficulties in setting up a stable and efficient electrical stimulation system within the in vitro environment. Therefore, various conductive materials and electrical stimulation methods have been tested to establish an effective electrical stimulation system. Through these systems, many studies have been conducted on the effects of electrical stimulation on bone healing and osteogenic differentiation. However, previous studies were limited by the use of opaque conductive materials that obscure the cells; fluorescent observations and staining are known to be two of the critical methods to confirm the states of the cells. Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass is known to have excellent transparency and conductivity, but it is challenging to cultivate cells due to low cell adhesion characteristics. Therefore, we used O₂ plasma treatment to increase the hydrophilicity and wettability of ITO glass. This enhanced cell affinity to the glass, providing a stable surface for the cells to attach. Then, electrical stimulation was applied with an amplitude range of 10 to 200 µA at a frequency of 10 Hz. Our results demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation efficiency was maximized under the amplitude conditions of 10 µA and 50 µA. Accordingly, the results of our study suggest the development of an excellent platform in the field of biological research as a good tool to elucidate various mechanisms of cell bioactivity under electrical conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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14 pages, 3538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Heat Treatment on Surface, Structural and Optical Properties of Nickel and Copper Phthalocyanines Thin Films

by Pawel Popielarski, Lidia Mosińska, Lukasz Skowronski, Robert Szczesny, Viviana Figà, Mieczyslaw Naparty and Beata Derkowska-Zielinska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911055 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1317

Abstract

The work presents the effect of annealing on the change of polycrystalline α and β phases of copper and nickel phthalocyanines. We have found that this process has a great influence on the optical properties of the vapor-deposited layers. The performed measurements showed [...] Read more.

The work presents the effect of annealing on the change of polycrystalline α and β phases of copper and nickel phthalocyanines. We have found that this process has a great influence on the optical properties of the vapor-deposited layers. The performed measurements showed that for various forms of MPc, the values of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient increased, and consequently, so did the absorption coefficient. The AFM images taken showed that the values before and after heating are morphologically different. Raman measurements showed that the band at about 1526 cm⁻¹ (B1g symmetry) has higher intensity for the α form than for the β form. The intensity of this band is related to changing the form of phthalocyanine from α to β. Our measurements have shown that by changing the annealing temperature of the layers, we change their optical properties. As a consequence, we change their optoelectronic parameters, adjusting them to the requirements of new optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, sensors, displays and OLEDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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11 pages, 2298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Bright Silica-Coated InP/ZnS Quantum Dot-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Nanoprobes

by Kyeong-Min Ham, Minhee Kim, Sungje Bock, Jaehi Kim, Wooyeon Kim, Heung Su Jung, Jaehyun An, Hobeom Song, Jung-Won Kim, Hyung-Mo Kim, Won-Yeop Rho, Sang Hun Lee, Seung-min Park, Dong-Eun Kim and Bong-Hyun Jun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10977; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810977 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2901

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical properties such as strong fluorescence, excellent photostability, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission bands, which make them useful for bioimaging. However, cadmium (Cd)-based QDs, which have been widely studied, have potential toxicity problems. Cd-free QDs have also [...] Read more.

Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical properties such as strong fluorescence, excellent photostability, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission bands, which make them useful for bioimaging. However, cadmium (Cd)-based QDs, which have been widely studied, have potential toxicity problems. Cd-free QDs have also been studied, but their weak photoluminescence (PL) intensity makes their practical use in bioimaging challenging. In this study, Cd-free QD nanoprobes for bioimaging were fabricated by densely embedding multiple indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) QDs onto silica templates and coating them with a silica shell. The fabricated silica-coated InP/ZnS QD-embedded silica nanoparticles (SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs) exhibited hydrophilic properties because of the surface silica shell. The quantum yield (QY), maximum emission peak wavelength, and full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the final fabricated SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs were 6.61%, 527.01 nm, and 44.62 nm, respectively. Moreover, the brightness of the particles could be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of InP/ZnS QDs in the SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs. When SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs were administered to tumor syngeneic mice, the fluorescence signal was prominently detected in the tumor because of the preferential distribution of the SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs, demonstrating their applicability in bioimaging with NPs. Thus, SiO₂@InP QDs@SiO₂ NPs have the potential to successfully replace Cd-based QDs as highly bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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Review

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18 pages, 5156 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Trends in Lateral Flow Immunoassays with Optical Nanoparticles

by Jaehi Kim, Min-Sup Shin, Jonghyun Shin, Hyung-Mo Kim, Xuan-Hung Pham, Seung-min Park, Dong-Eun Kim, Young Jun Kim and Bong-Hyun Jun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119600 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2642

Abstract

Rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Various detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been extensively used, with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) recently emerging as a major diagnostic tool. Nanoparticles (NPs) with characteristic optical properties are used [...] Read more.

Rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Various detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been extensively used, with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) recently emerging as a major diagnostic tool. Nanoparticles (NPs) with characteristic optical properties are used as probes for LFIA, and researchers have presented various types of optical NPs with modified optical properties. Herein, we review the literature on LFIA with optical NPs for the detection of specific targets in the context of diagnostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Materials: From Materials to Applications)

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